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Vacuum tube circuit design technique
electronics, cathode bias, also known as self-bias, or automatic bias, is a technique used with vacuum tubes to make the direct current (dc) cathode voltage
Cathode_bias
Electrode where reduction takes place
A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device such as a lead–acid battery. This definition can be
Cathode
Background operating conditions for electronics
appropriate voltage source. Cathode bias (self-bias, automatic bias) - The voltage drop across a resistor in series with the cathode is utilized. The grid circuit
Biasing
Vacuum tube used to display images
A cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, which emit electron beams, which are directed and controlled to display
Cathode_ray_tube
Device that controls current between electrodes
isolated from their cathodes, used cathode biasing, avoiding the need for a separate negative power supply. For cathode biasing, a relatively low-value
Vacuum_tube
Two-terminal electronic component
with two electrodes, a heated cathode and a plate, in which electrons can flow in only one direction, from the cathode to the plate. Among many uses,
Diode
of the bias voltage, corresponding to an unmodulated carrier peak voltage of half the bias voltage magnitude. Either fixed bias or cathode bias may be
Plate_detector_(radio)
Guitar amplifier
fact class AB. It uses a quartet of cathode-biased EL-84 output tubes in push-pull configuration. The high bias condition is believed by some to be the
Vox_AC30
Method of thin film application
be avoided with the use of RF sputtering where the sign of the anode-cathode bias is varied at a high rate (commonly 13.56 MHz). RF sputtering works well
Sputter_deposition
Lamp using fluorescence to produce light
as hot cathodes. However, cold cathode tubes have cathodes that emit electrons only due to the large voltage between the electrodes. The cathodes will be
Fluorescent_lamp
Semiconductor–semiconductor junction
the positive terminal corresponds to reverse bias. If a diode is reverse-biased, the voltage at the cathode is comparatively higher than at the anode. Therefore
P–n_junction
Power Attenuator (Guitar Amplifier)
or cathode if operated beyond manufacturer specifications. In a power scaling circuit, by decreasing just the B+ plate voltage, the cathode bias and
Power_attenuator_(guitar)
Guitar amplifier produced by Fender
the preamplifier section; the power amplifier section used a single cathode-biased 6V6 beam power tetrode necessarily in Class A operation. The amplifier
Fender_Princeton
Bass amplifier series
had two innovations: a fixed bias for the power tubes, which increased power in comparison to the earlier cathode bias design, and a cathodyne phase
Fender_Bassman
Guitar amplifier
6V6GT power tubes remained the same, although the bias structure was changed from cathode to fixed biasing, bringing the output power up to around 20 watts
Fender_Deluxe
Guitar amplifier by Fender
introduced in the summer of 1955 with a rated power output of 15 watts, cathode bias, two 6V6 output tubes, and a 5Y3 tube rectifier. The Tremolux was the
Fender_Tremolux
Topics referred to by the same term
control the electron flow from the heated cathode to the positively charged anode Tape bias (also AC bias), a high-frequency signal (generally from 40
Bias_(disambiguation)
Miniature high-gain dual triode vacuum tube
or more in high-fidelity equipment. Grid bias is most often provided by a cathode resistor. If the cathode resistor is unbypassed, negative feedback
12AX7
Plasma formed by passage of current through gas
discharges are used as sources of light in devices such as neon lights, cold-cathode fluorescent lamps and plasma-screen televisions. Analyzing the light produced
Glow_discharge
Electrode in the electron gun assembly of some thermionic devices
filament or Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) hot cathode with a V-shaped (or otherwise pointed) tip. This bias voltage creates a repulsive electrostatic field
Wehnelt_cylinder
Type of solid-state switch
the cathode with no voltage applied at the gate, junctions J1 and J3 are forward biased, while junction J2 is reverse biased. As J2 is reverse biased, no
Thyristor
Long conducting wires which can act as electrical motors or generators
emissive tip and the positively biased structure drawing the electrons out. Typical constants for Spindt type cathodes include: AFN = 3.14 x 10-8 A/V2
Electrodynamic_tether
extending from the cathode as shown in Fig. 3a. The field in the domain can be obtained from the slope of the domain that increases with bias (Fig. 3b). When
High-field_domain
Semiconductor diode based upon the p–n junction
both adapted to increase the voltage the devices can withstand in reverse bias. The top structure uses a mesa to avoid a sharp curvature of the p+-region
P–n_diode
Visual indicator of the amplitude of an electronic signal
heater supply via a 220 ohm resistor or from the audio output valve's cathode bias. Some reel-to-reel tape recorders also used the DM70/DM71 to indicate
Magic_eye_tube
Vacuum tube (valve)
regulator by virtue of its high permissible voltage between heater and cathode and other parameters. The American RETMA tube designation number for this
EL34
Battery with solid electrodes and a solid electrolyte
can use metallic lithium for the anode and oxides or sulfides for the cathode, thereby enhancing energy density. The solid electrolyte acts as an ideal
Solid-state_battery
Guitar amplifier made by Vox
two ECC83 valves in the preamp and two EL84s in a Class A power amp in cathode bias with no negative feedback loop; a 5Z4 valve was used for the rectifier
Vox_AC15
Spring reverb effects unit
tube versions. Further, the 6V6 driver was wired with fixed bias (as opposed to cathode biased in the 6G15 circuit) and in triode mode (with plate and grid
Fender_Reverb_Unit
Process of decreasing or eliminating a remnant magnetic field
Degaussing is also used to reduce magnetic fields in tape recorders and cathode-ray tube displays, and to destroy data held on magnetic storage. The term
Degaussing
Circuit that produces electrical noise
to cathode) in a transverse magnetic field. Another possibility is using the collector current in a transistor.[clarification needed] Reverse-biased diodes
Noise_generator
Characteristic quality of sounds from vacuum tube amplifiers
characteristic curves. Factors such as bias affect the load line and clipping characteristics. Fixed and cathode-biased amplifiers behave and clip differently
Tube_sound
Electronic device/component that increases the strength of a signal
drain; for vacuum tubes, common cathode, common grid, and common plate. The common emitter (or common source, common cathode, etc.) is most often configured
Amplifier
Type of electrical rectifier with a liquid cathode
into direct current (DC). It is a type of cold cathode gas-filled tube, but is unusual in that the cathode, instead of being solid, is made from a pool
Mercury-arc_valve
Four-layer solid-state current-controlling device
J1 and J3 are forward-biased, while J2 is reverse-biased, allowing only a small leakage current from the anode to the cathode. When the applied voltage
Silicon_controlled_rectifier
Electrical circuit component which amplifies the difference of two analog signals
maximum gain. Bias stability and independence from variations in device parameters can be improved by negative feedback introduced via cathode/emitter resistors
Differential_amplifier
Electrode through which conventional current flows into a polarized electrical device
through which current enters and the cathode is the terminal through which current leaves, when the diode is forward biased. The names of the electrodes do
Anode
Converts light into current
reverse biased, that is, with the cathode driven positive with respect to the anode. This reduces the response time because the additional reverse bias increases
Photodiode
Class of electrical battery
these elements are either resistively-biased from the existing batteries or connected to ground or to the cathode. This nomenclature is used primarily
Vacuum_tube_battery
Technique in chemistry and manufacturing
them, and introduced terminology such as electrode, electrolyte, anode, cathode, anion, and cation. 1875 – Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran discovered gallium
Electrolysis
American guitar amplifier company
the Songwriter 30, was licensed under Komet Amps. It features four cathode-biased EL84/6BQ5 output tubes and two 12AX7 preamp tubes. The amp's name is
Trainwreck_Circuits
indirectly heated cathode or to the negative end of a directly heated cathode, negative initial velocity grid bias is produced relative to the cathode determined
Grid-leak_detector
Musical equipment manufacturer
state rectifier. It used a cathodyne splitter, and its power section is cathode biased. The amp is solidly constructed on a black steel chassis with a bright
Vox_(company)
Type of diode
diode designed to exploit the voltage-dependent capacitance of a reverse-biased p–n junction. Varactors are used as voltage-controlled capacitors. They
Varicap
Circuit arrangement of four diodes
A hand-made diode bridge. The silver band on the diodes indicates the cathode side of the diode.
Diode_bridge
Electrode used to control electron flow within a vacuum tube
the cathode to the anode (plate) electrode. The control grid usually consists of a cylindrical screen or helix of fine wire surrounding the cathode, and
Control_grid
Diode that allows current to flow in the reverse direction at a specific voltage
affect electric current to flow against the normal direction from anode to cathode, when the voltage across its terminals exceeds a certain characteristic
Zener_diode
Single-grid amplifying vacuum tube having three active electrodes
three electrodes inside an evacuated glass envelope: a heated filament or cathode, a grid, and a plate (anode). Developed from Lee De Forest's 1906 Audion
Triode
Output beam tetrode
similar tubes, up to 800 volts. A KT88 push-pull pair in class AB1 fixed bias is capable of 100 watts of output with 2.5% total harmonic distortion or
KT88
AND and OR logic with diodes and resistors
between anode and cathode is inversely proportional to the reverse voltage, growing as it approaches 0 volts and into forward bias. There is also a recovery
Diode_logic
Electronic oscillator
original 1915 version used a triode as the amplifying device in common cathode configuration, with three batteries, and separate adjustable coils. The
Hartley_oscillator
Electronic vacuum tube
positively biased, and thus required substantial grid current. This current was supplied by the input triode, configured as a cathode follower. The cathode of
Triple-twin
Form of diode
field, or they are injected by a cathode with the right energy. With forward voltage applied, the Fermi level in the cathode moves into the third band, and
Gunn_diode
ground. The cathode may be at the same DC potential as the grid if a valve such as the 811A (zero bias triode) is used, otherwise the cathode must be positive
Valve_transmitters
Early and obsolete type of computer memory
sets of orthogonal grid wires were normally "biased" slightly positive, so that the electrons from the cathode were accelerated through the grid to reach
Selectron_tube
Beam tetrode vacuum tube
The 1624 (VT-165) is an 807 variant with a directly heated filamentary cathode operating at 2.5 V, 2 A. The 1625 (VT-136) is an 807 variant with a 12
807_(vacuum_tube)
Vacuum tube electronic amplifier that uses a single triode to produce an output
transformer in a common cathode arrangement. The triode is biased to Class A operation by applying a suitable negative bias voltage to its input control
Single-ended_triode
Assembly of electrodes at either end of an insulated tube filled with gas
ceramics, and military tubes often use glass-lined metal. Both hot cathode and cold cathode type devices are encountered. Hydrogen is used in tubes used for
Gas-filled_tube
Non-volatile memory technology
positive voltage bias (V) to the anode contact (active metal) while grounding the cathode contact (inert metal). The positive bias oxidizes the active
Programmable metallization cell
Programmable_metallization_cell
power supply to the circuit, which produces the current between anode and cathode. It is also known as the plate supply or voltage, B battery supply, or
HT_(vacuum_tube)
Electrical circuit
the cathode of one is attached to the non inverting input (Vin+) and the cathode of the other to the inverting input (Vin−). The diodes are biased at the
Operational transconductance amplifier
Operational_transconductance_amplifier
Type of capacitor
gel electrolyte covers the surface of this oxide layer, serving as the cathode or negative plate of the capacitor. Because of their very thin dielectric
Electrolytic_capacitor
Device used in television cameras
Video camera tubes are devices based on the cathode-ray tube that were used in television cameras to capture television images, prior to the introduction
Video_camera_tube
Form of electric spacecraft propulsion
difference is that the single cathode is replaced by multiple, smaller cathode rods packed into a hollow cathode tube. MPD cathodes are easily corroded due
Ion_thruster
Semiconductor device
accomplished by a positive current pulse between the gate and cathode terminals. As the gate-cathode behaves like PN junction, there will be some relatively
Gate_turn-off_thyristor
is achieved by appropriately biasing the biased grid located just after the cathode. Switching pulses are given to the bias grid so as to achieve pulse
Electron-beam_machining
Transistor that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers
through. A PNP BJT will function like two diodes that share an N-type cathode region, and the NPN like two diodes sharing a P-type anode region. Connecting
Bipolar_junction_transistor
Electrical device that converts AC to DC
if the transformer is center-tapped, then two diodes back-to-back (cathode-to-cathode or anode-to-anode, depending on output polarity required) can form
Rectifier
Solid-state electrically operated switch also used as an amplifier
allowed transistors to replace vacuum tubes in most applications are No cathode heater (which produces the characteristic orange glow of tubes), reducing
Transistor
Electrical characteristic
divided by the corresponding change in the grid/cathode voltage, with a constant plate (anode) to cathode voltage. Typical values of gm for a small-signal
Transconductance
American amplifier manufacturer
It was released by THD in 2002. Like the UniValve, the BiValve-30's cathode-biasing allows it to adjust to individual tubes automatically. It is one of
THD_Electronics
Gas-filled, cold-cathode Transmit/Receive Tube (TR cell) 1B41 – Gas-filled, cold-cathode 9.5 kV, 450 A spark gap 1B45 – Gas-filled, cold-cathode 14 kV, 450 A
List_of_vacuum_tubes
Type of electronic circuit
is taken from the cathode of the top (not directly driven) device, which acts part way between a constant current source and a cathode follower but receiving
Push–pull_output
Voltage-spike stopping diode across an inductor
word flyback comes from the horizontal movement of the electron beam in a cathode ray tube, because the beam flew back to begin the next horizontal line
Flyback_diode
Type of capacitor
serving in principle as the second electrode (cathode) (-) of the capacitor. A second aluminum foil called "cathode foil" contacts the electrolyte and serves
Aluminum electrolytic capacitor
Aluminum_electrolytic_capacitor
Vacuum tube used for amplifying radio waves
changing the grid (bias) voltage and, consequently, the operating point of the tube. Today's IOTs are equipped with coated cathodes that work at relatively
Inductive_output_tube
Audio frequency beam tetrode
6L6GC, at 30W, exceeds the KT66's 25W, and adjustment of the amplifier's bias is necessary. M-OV ceased glass vacuum tube manufacturing in 1988; their
KT66
Monochrome cathode-ray tube
The 7JP4 is an early black and white or monochrome cathode-ray tube (also called picture tube and kinescope). It was a popular type used in late 1940s
7JP4
Electronic instrument
emission because of hot spots in the cathode, hidden by the grids under normal conditions grids will be forward biased to some extent - some fine control
Tube_tester
10−8 - 10−1 Pa) Most ion gauges come in two types: hot cathode and cold cathode. In the hot cathode version, an electrically heated filament produces an
Pressure_measurement
Audio oscillator made by Hewlett-Packard
implemented by two vacuum tubes. The amplifier's inverting input is the cathode of tube V1 and the non-inverting input is the control grid of tube V2.
HP_200A
Vacuum tube
Pin 8 – Cathode & beam-forming plates Typical class-A amplifier operation Anode voltage 350 V Anode current 54 mA Screen voltage 250 V Bias voltage −18
6L6
Vacuum tube with five electrodes
The suppressor grid is usually operated at or near the potential of the cathode and prevents secondary emission electrons from the plate from reaching
Pentode
Amplifier that converts current to voltage
shown in Figure 2. A positive voltage at the cathode of the photodiode applies a reverse bias. This reverse bias increases the width of the depletion region
Transimpedance_amplifier
Type of electronic amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor
common-source amplifier, and the analogous tube circuit is the common-cathode amplifier. Common-emitter amplifiers give the amplifier an inverted output
Common_emitter
Type of vacuum tube display
Nimo was the trademark of a family of small cathode-ray tube (CRTs) used for numerical displays. They were manufactured by Industrial Electronic Engineers
Nimo_tube
Fishing method utilising electricity
technique that uses direct current electricity flowing between a submerged cathode and anode. This affects the movements of nearby fish so that they swim
Electrofishing
Type of electronic amplifier
(where the input signal is presented) needs to be biased substantially negative with respect to the cathode. This makes it extremely difficult to directly
Valve_amplifier
Technical specifications and detailed information on the valve audio amplifier
heated), and the cathode resistors are often bypassed, etc. The basic gain stage for a valve amplifier is the auto-biased common cathode stage, in which
Valve audio amplifier technical specification
Valve_audio_amplifier_technical_specification
Source of neutrons from linear particle accelerators
breakdown. Ions emerging from the exit cathode are accelerated through the potential difference between the exit cathode and the accelerator electrode. The
Neutron_generator
Light source based on gas discharge
neon and other gases at a low pressure and two electrodes (an anode and a cathode). When sufficient voltage is applied and sufficient current is supplied
Neon_lamp
Type of electrolytic capacitor
that forms the dielectric, surrounded by liquid or solid electrolyte as a cathode. The tantalum capacitor, because of its very thin and relatively high permittivity
Tantalum_capacitor
Power supply connections for integrated circuits
see VP, VK, and VG referring to plate (or anode outside of the U.S.), cathode (note K, not C) and grid voltages in analyses of vacuum triode, tetrode
IC_power-supply_pin
system in the second decade of the 19th century. The invention of the cathode ray tube and vacuum tubes allowed the development of oscilloscopes of the
History_of_the_oscilloscope
Electric circuit that generates high DC voltage from low-voltage AC or pulsing DC input
machines, scientific instrumentation, oscilloscopes, television sets and cathode-ray tubes, electroshock weapons, bug zappers and many other applications
Cockcroft–Walton_generator
Diode that works using quantum tunneling
takes place while the P-N junction is forward biased and blocks current flow when the junction is reverse biased. This occurs up to a point known as the "reverse
Tunnel_diode
Semiconductor light source
with separate leads for both dies and another lead for common anode or cathode so that they can be controlled independently. The most common bi-color
Light-emitting_diode
Solid-state photodetector
wavelengths and into the infrared (IR). In a photodiode, with a low reverse bias voltage, the leakage current changes linearly with absorption of photons
Single-photon_avalanche_diode
Type of diode
diode is connected to the circuit so that it is reverse-biased. In other words, its cathode is positive with respect to its anode. In this configuration
Avalanche_diode
HighPower LED
The ionization and dissociation degree increase according to the peak cathode power. The limit is determined by the transition of the discharge from
High-power impulse magnetron sputtering
High-power_impulse_magnetron_sputtering
CATHODE BIAS
CATHODE BIAS
Girl/Female
English American
Form of the Greek Catherine meaning pure.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Another Name for God; Biased; Security
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Danish, English, French, Greek, Swedish
Pure; Form of the Greek Catherine; Torture
Boy/Male
German, Hindu, Indian
Brave
Boy/Male
Gaelic Irish
Great warrior.
Boy/Male
Scottish
Beast.
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English, Greek
Pure
Surname or Lastname
French
French : habitational name from places in Landes and Lot-et-Garonne named Bias.English : possibly a variant spelling of Byas.
CATHODE BIAS
CATHODE BIAS
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Winner; Brave
Boy/Male
Scandinavian
Only descendent; sole heir.
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sindhi, Telugu
Boundless; Magnanimous; Immeasurable; Name of Lord Ganesha
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
From the East
Boy/Male
Biblical
Merchant, trader, or that humbles and subdues.
Girl/Female
Irish
From an old Irish word meaning “white,†the 6th century St. Ailbe was associated with the monastery at Emly in County Tipperary. The local people requested that he bless a river that had no fish. St. Ailbe did and that very day the river was filled with an abundance of fish. The people built five churches in St. Ailbe’s honor at the best fishing spots along the river. Ailbe may be used for a boy or a girl.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil
Golden Hills
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Sun and Moon
Boy/Male
Hindu
An idol, All auspicious Lord, Lord Vishnu, Statue
Girl/Female
Gaelic
Feminine of Kyle.
CATHODE BIAS
CATHODE BIAS
CATHODE BIAS
CATHODE BIAS
CATHODE BIAS
n.
The part of a voltaic battery by which the electric current leaves substances through which it passes, or the surface at which the electric current passes out of the electrolyte; the negative pole; -- opposed to anode.
n.
A cathode.
n.
A formative particle of albuminous matter; a monad; a cytode. See the Note under Morphon.
imp. & p. p.
of Bias
n.
A cytode without either a cell wall or a nucleus.
n.
The part of a vacuum tube opposite the cathode. Upon it the cathode rays impinge.
a.
Not warped; hence, not biased; impartial.
n.
The negative pole or cathode.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Bias
n.
The condition of increased irritability of a nerve in the region of the cathode or negative electrode, on the passage of a current of electricity through it.
n.
A slant; a diagonal; as, to cut cloth on the bias.
n.
A nonnucleated mass of protoplasm, the supposed simplest form of independent life differing from the amoeba, in which nuclei are present.
n.
An electro-positive substance, which in electro-decomposition is evolved at the cathode; -- opposed to anion.
n.
The positive pole of an electric battery, or more strictly the electrode by which the current enters the electrolyte on its way to the other pole; -- opposed to cathode.
n.
The albuminous material composing the body of a cytode.
pl.
of Bias
adv.
In a slanting manner; crosswise; obliquely; diagonally; as, to cut cloth bias.
a.
A term applied to the centrifugal, or efferent, course of the nervous influence.
n.
A cytode without a proper cell wall, but with a nucleus.