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Elimination of autoreactive lymphocytes by the immune system
In immunology, central tolerance (also known as negative selection) is the process of eliminating any developing T or B lymphocytes that are autoreactive
Central_tolerance
State of unresponsiveness of the immune system
site of induction, tolerance is categorized as either central tolerance, occurring in the thymus and bone marrow, or peripheral tolerance, taking place in
Immune_tolerance
Removal of autoreactive T and B cells outside of the primary lymphoid organs
In immunology, peripheral tolerance is the second branch of immunological tolerance, after central tolerance. It takes place in lymph nodes and tissues
Peripheral_tolerance
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up tolerance in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikiquote has quotations related to Tolerance. Tolerance or toleration is the state of tolerating
Tolerance
the thymus which plays an essential role in the establishment of central tolerance. Therefore, mTECs rank among cells relevant for the development of
Medullary thymic epithelial cells
Medullary_thymic_epithelial_cells
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
It must however be noted that CCR7 affects not only central tolerance, but also peripheral tolerance by allowing homing of tolerogenic dendritic cells to
C-C_chemokine_receptor_type_7
Cellular process
have a significant impact on the promotion of central and peripheral immune tolerance. In central tolerance, dendritic cells are present within the thymus
Cross-presentation
Removal of autoreactive B and T cells before they become immunocompetent
of negative selection. Ultimately, clonal deletion plays a role in central tolerance. Clonal deletion can help protect individuals against autoimmunity
Clonal_deletion
Autoimmune disease
gangliosides. It is not currently known how this process escapes central tolerance to gangliosides, which is meant to suppress the production of antibodies
Guillain–Barré_syndrome
are part of the adaptive immune system. This process forms part of central tolerance to attempt to change the specificity of the antigen receptor of self
Receptor_editing
Resilience of systems to component failures or errors
Fault tolerance is the ability of a system to contain the propagation of faults (e.g. failed transistor, shorted connector, intermittent data bus). Faults
Fault_tolerance
future as well as a symbol of African unity, progress and tolerance. The Constitution of the Central African Republic describes the flag as "four equal sized
Flag of the Central African Republic
Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic
Transmission of self-antigens
antigen-presenting cells which contributes to the establishment of T cell central tolerance. Thymus represents an origin of T cell development and its responsibility
Antigen transfer in the thymus
Antigen_transfer_in_the_thymus
Autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks healthy tissue
H, Mohan C (July 2009). "Three checkpoints in lupus development: central tolerance in adaptive immunity, peripheral amplification by innate immunity
Lupus
regulator, to eliminate T cells with self-reactive TCRs via processes of central tolerance e.g. negative selection and protect the body against development of
Cortical thymic epithelial cells
Cortical_thymic_epithelial_cells
Organ system in vertebrates complementary to the circulatory system
one of the most important roles of the thymus is the induction of central tolerance. However, the thymus is not where the infection is fought, as the
Lymphatic_system
1994 video game
Zero Tolerance is a 1994 first-person shooter video game developed by Technopop and published by Accolade, Inc. for the Sega Genesis. It was one of the
Zero_Tolerance_(video_game)
Infectious tolerance is a term referring to a phenomenon where a tolerance-inducing state is transferred from one cell population to another. It can be
Infectious_tolerance
specific to the thymus that plays a pivotal role in the establishment of central tolerance. This phenomenon enables generation of self-antigens, so called tissue-restricted
Promiscuous_gene_expression
Type of white blood cell
development). This negative selection process leads to a state of central tolerance, in which the mature B cells do not bind self antigens present in
B_cell
potentially self-reactive T cells in the body, not controlled by the central tolerance mechanism in the thymus or better eliminate such self-reactive T cells
T_cell_receptor_revision
Fault in a computer system that presents different symptoms to different observers
Byzantine agreement problem, or a Byzantine failure. Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) is the resilience of a fault-tolerant computer system or similar
Byzantine_fault
Public park in Manhattan, New York
strong tolerance to urban soil limitations, influencing which species survived through the years. Several tree species once found in Central Park, including
Central_Park
Concept in biology
rather antigenicity is that sperm first mature at puberty, after central tolerance has been established, therefore the body recognizes them as foreign
Immune_privilege
cells (T-cells) which recognise them are possibly not subject to central tolerance mechanisms. This may contribute to the potential capability of phosophopeptides
Phosphopeptide
American immunologist
the thymus, a finding that provided insights into the mechanism of central tolerance in autoimmunity. Anderson currently serves on the faculty at UCSF
Mark_Anderson_(immunologist)
Benzodiazepine medication
Clonazepam may also decrease memory formation. Long-term use may result in tolerance, dependence, and life-threatening withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly
Clonazepam
Type of statistical probability
A tolerance interval (TI) is a statistical interval within which, with some confidence level, a specified sampled proportion of a population falls. "More
Tolerance_interval
(Autoimmune regulator) has been the main focus of studies of thymic (central) immune tolerance. AIRE induces the expression of many antigens specific to differentiated
Thymic_mimetic_cells
Breakdown of immune system processes
multiple endocrine autoimmune diseases. APECED causes loss of central immune tolerance. Omenn syndrome manifests as GVHD (graft versus host disease)-like
Immune_dysregulation
Vital immune process that is essential for T cell immune response triggering
via the process of autophagy. It is important for the process of central tolerance of T cells in particular the negative selection of autoreactive clones
Antigen_presentation
Antibody directed against an autogenic protein
process called clonal deletion. Normally, the process of central tolerance and peripheral tolerance eliminates and suppresses B cells which are able to recognize
Autoantibody
Sprent, Jonathan; Kishimoto, Hidehiro (29 May 2001). "The thymus and central tolerance". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series
Autoimmune skin diseases in dogs
Autoimmune_skin_diseases_in_dogs
Lack of response by the immune system to foreign substances
recessive tolerance are forms of a peripheral tolerance (the other tolerance beside peripheral is a central tolerance). Where so called recessive tolerance is
Clonal_anergy
and antitumor immunity CD74 CD94/NKG2 Cell-mediated immunity CELSR1 Central tolerance Chemokine Chemokine receptor Chimeric antigen receptor Cholinergic
Index_of_immunology_articles
German-Swiss immunologist
specificity. Central tolerance and thymocyte deletion Kisielow, P.; Blüthmann, H.; Staerz, U. D.; Steinmetz, M.; von Boehmer, H. (1988). "Tolerance in T-cell-receptor
Harald_von_Boehmer
Medical condition
defines a situation in which one has developed one or more of either tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, drug seeking behaviors, such as continued use despite
Benzodiazepine_dependence
Cells that ingest harmful matter within the body
tolerance. Dendritic cells also promote immunological tolerance, which stops the body from attacking itself. The first type of tolerance is central tolerance
Phagocyte
Immune system protein
facilitating the negative selection of self-reactive T cells and promoting central tolerance. This discovery was achieved through the combined efforts of researchers
Autoimmune_regulator
Hypertension occurring during pregnancy
response to the placenta, specifically a lack of established immunological tolerance in pregnancy. Endothelial dysfunction results in hypertension and many
Pre-eclampsia
T cells). T cells originate in the thymus. There a process named central tolerance eliminates the T cells that have a receptor recognizing an antigen
Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes
Tumor_antigens_recognized_by_T_lymphocytes
2024 Marvel Studios animated series
Doctor Doom, the leader of Latveria who is a member of "Operation: Zero Tolerance" (OZT); and Apocalypse, one of the first mutants who is thousands of years
X-Men_'97
Class of depressant drugs derived from barbituric acid
Megaloblastic anemia With regular use, tolerance to the effects of barbiturates develops. Research shows tolerance can develop with even one administration
Barbiturate
Fundamental theorem in probability theory and statistics
In probability theory, the central limit theorem (CLT) states that, under appropriate conditions, the distribution of a normalized version of the sample
Central_limit_theorem
White blood cells of the immune system
recent thymic emigrants. This process is an important component of central tolerance and serves to prevent the formation of self-reactive T cells that
T_cell
Country in South Asia
sacred trust", that "the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice, as enunciated by Islam shall be fully observed", and
Pakistan
Inability to digest lactose
cultures reflect local variations in tolerance and historically many societies have adapted to low levels of tolerance by making dairy products that contain
Lactose_intolerance
Most populous city in the United States
Retrieved February 21, 2026. GovIsland Park-to-Tolerance: through Broad Awareness and Conscious Vigilance, Tolerance Park. Retrieved February 9, 2017. See Legislative
New_York_City
Island country in Southeast Asia
location, skilled workforce, low tax rates, advanced infrastructure and zero-tolerance against corruption. It was the world's 4th most competitive economy in
Singapore
Polish immunologist (born 1945)
distinguish between good and evil? The first definitive studies of T cell central tolerance and positive selection (2019) The evolutionary conservation of the
Paweł_Kisielow
Machine to increase pressure of gas by reducing its volume
cavities or screws and compressor housing. They depend on fine machining tolerances to avoid high leakage losses and are prone to damage if operated incorrectly
Compressor
German–American philosopher, sociologist, and political theorist (1898–1979)
tolerance does not permit support for "repression", since doing so ensures that marginalized voices will remain unheard. He characterizes tolerance of
Herbert_Marcuse
Toxic effects of breathing oxygen at high partial pressures
and exercise will decrease the time to onset of central nervous system symptoms. Decrease of tolerance is closely linked to retention of carbon dioxide
Oxygen_toxicity
2024 Indian film by Shankar
for INDIAN-2 distribution in Kerala! 🇮🇳 Senapathy returns with zero-tolerance against corruption across the region. 🤞🏻🔥 #Indian2 🇮🇳 In Cinemas
Indian_2
Benzodiazepine sedative
Occasionally, excitement or agitation may occur. Long-term use can result in tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms on dose reduction. Abrupt stopping
Diazepam
Central Bank of Peru
Central Reserve Bank's target annual inflation is 2.0 percent, with a tolerance of one percentage point upward and downward; its policies are aimed at
Central_Reserve_Bank_of_Peru
Central computer component that executes instructions
allowed increasingly complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of nanometers. Both the miniaturization and standardization
Central_processing_unit
T-cell receptor, or TCR. Immune tolerance is maintained by central and peripheral tolerance. During central tolerance, T-cells are selected in the thymus
Short course immune induction therapy
Short_course_immune_induction_therapy
Country in Northwestern Europe and the Caribbean
groups by religion and political beliefs) and a long record of social tolerance, having legalised prostitution and euthanasia, along with maintaining
Netherlands
prevent development of an autoimmune disorder. In a process known as "Central Tolerance", T-cells are exposed to cortical epithelial cells that express a
Self-protein
Meme about a meme
intolerant rivals, without active infection or meme-allergic reaction. Tolerance is a central co-meme in a wide variety of schemes, particularly "liberalism"
Metameme
Country in Central and Southeast Europe
2007-12-15. Retrieved 2019-08-28. "Croatia marks 25 years since war with tolerance message". Al Jazeera. 5 August 2020. Goldstein 1999, p. 233. Bassiouni
Croatia
Disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds
(or selective sound sensitivity syndrome) is a disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds or their associated stimuli, or cues. These cues, known
Misophonia
British statesman and writer (1874–1965)
anti-Boer prejudices, calling for them to be treated with "generosity and tolerance", and afterwards urged the British to be magnanimous in victory. In July
Winston_Churchill
Supranational political and economic union
to minorities ... in a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail." By virtue
European_Union
Country in Southern and Western Europe
conquest of the Americas. The Treaty of Granada guaranteed religious tolerance towards Muslims, for a few years before Islam was outlawed in 1502 in
Spain
American domestic terrorist (1942–2023)
(April 6, 1996). "Unabomber Suspect Is Charged – Montana Townsfolk Showed Tolerance For 'The Hermit'". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on December
Ted_Kaczynski
American civil rights organization
Rights Memorial, which was designed by Maya Lin. The center's "Teaching Tolerance" project was initiated in 1991. In 1995, the Montgomery Advertiser won
Southern_Poverty_Law_Center
Atypical opioid drug
less analgesic tolerance. Moreover, substitution of conventional opioids like morphine with SR-17018 can reverse analgesic tolerance and suppress withdrawal
SR-17018
Country in South Asia
hotspots. India's wildlife, which has traditionally been viewed with tolerance in its culture, is supported in protected habitats. According to the Oxford
India
Museum in Jerusalem
The Museum of Tolerance Jerusalem (MTJ; Hebrew: מוזיאון הסובלנות ירושלים, romanized: Muzeon HaSovlanut Yerushalayim) is a museum, convention center and
Museum_of_Tolerance_Jerusalem
Country in North America
Mennonite population, primarily settled in the northern states, fueled by the tolerance of the federal government towards this community by allowing them to set
Mexico
Political party in the United States
Research Institute, agrees. All these findings about Republican voters' tolerance for violence and conspiracy theories, he says, present "a chilling portrait
Republican Party (United States)
Republican_Party_(United_States)
Capital of England and the United Kingdom
Street, in 1912 and "which developed a reputation for sexual freedom and tolerance of same-sex relations". While London has been an LGBT tourism destination
London
Country in Central America
Torrijos ran his campaign on a platform of, among other pledges, a "zero tolerance" for corruption, a problem endemic to the Moscoso and Perez Balladares
Panama
Portrayal of sexual subject matter
unlike much of the general public. Comparative studies indicate higher tolerance and consumption of pornography among adults tends to be associated with
Pornography
Immune response protein
different cell populations. Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) Autoimmunity Central tolerance Immunity IPEX syndrome Lymphocytes Thymocyte GRCh38: Ensembl release
FOXP3
Large cat native to Africa and India
tolerant of another lioness's cubs than lionesses without cubs. Male tolerance of the cubs varies—one male could patiently let the cubs play with his
Lion
Overview of and topical guide to immunology
Alloimmunity Cross-reactivity Tolerance Central tolerance Peripheral tolerance Clonal anergy Clonal deletion Tolerance in pregnancy Immunodeficiency Antigen
Outline_of_immunology
Country in Southeast Europe
of communism and the start of the breakup of Yugoslavia, doctrine of tolerance began to lose its potency, creating an opportunity for nationalist elements
Bosnia_and_Herzegovina
Criminological theory
"zero-tolerance" policing style, including in some academic studies. Bratton and Kelling have said that broken windows policing and zero tolerance are different
Broken_windows_theory
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
counterparts, such as in Spain, after the conclusion of the Reconquista. The tolerance displayed by the Turks was welcomed by the immigrants. The Ottoman economic
Ottoman_Empire
1999 mass shooting in Colorado, U.S.
active-shooter situations, and an increased emphasis on school security with zero-tolerance policies. The violence sparked debates over American gun culture and gun
Columbine High School massacre
Columbine_High_School_massacre
Grandson of Muhammad and the 3rd Imam
Encyclopedia of Islam, one of the moral characteristics of Husayn is tolerance, humility, eloquence, and finally traits that can be deduced from his
Husayn_ibn_Ali
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
regulator of Aire+ mTEC homeostasis, thymic mimetic cell diversity, and central tolerance". Science Immunology. 8 (88) eabq3109. doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abq3109
IKZF1
Class of CNS depressant drugs
and effective drugs in the short term for a wide range of conditions. Tolerance can develop to their effects and there is also a risk of dependence, and
Benzodiazepine
Turkish breed of dog
between 72 and 78 cm at the withers, bitches between 65 and 73 cm, with a tolerance of 2 cm either way for both sexes. Body weights are usually in the range
Kangal_Shepherd_Dog
Central bank of the People's Republic of China
May 20, 2022. Retrieved August 31, 2023. Beijing has little tolerance for any talk of central-bank independence; the monetary authority, just like any other
People's_Bank_of_China
President of the United States from 1901 to 1909
intervention regarding women's suffrage or child labor, and attacked Roosevelt's tolerance of large businesses. Roosevelt won 4.1 million votes (27%), compared to
Theodore_Roosevelt
Sexual stimulation of one's own genitals
"Masturbation: Current medical opinions". Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. Retrieved 27 August 2014. Ornella Moscucci, "Male masturbation and the
Masturbation
Index of plants with the same common name
metabolic activity upon rehydration. These plants exhibit desiccation tolerance and are often described as poikilohydric, allowing them to lose more than
Resurrection_plant
Matter with biological processes
Organisms that have a wide range of tolerance are more widely distributed than organisms with a narrow range of tolerance. To survive, some microorganisms
Life
Founder of the Achaemenid Empire
renowned among contemporary scholars because of his habitual policy of tolerance for peoples' customs and religions in the lands that he conquered. Similarly
Cyrus_the_Great
American actor and film producer (born 1962)
humanitarian award from the Simon Wiesenthal Center and its Museum of Tolerance for his work as a dedicated philanthropist. In mid-2011, Cruise started
Tom_Cruise
Small domesticated carnivorous mammal
(1997). "Effects of neutering on bodyweight, metabolic rate and glucose tolerance of domestic cats". Research in Veterinary Science. 62 (2). Elsevier BV:
Cat
U.S. state
considered as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance, and environmental sustainability. The state attracts visitors from all
New_York_(state)
President of the United States (2017–2021; since 2025)
Richard (June 19, 2018). "What We Know: Family Separation And 'Zero Tolerance' At The Border". NPR News. Retrieved May 30, 2020. Epstein, Jennifer (June
Donald_Trump
Ability to digest milk after infancy
Lactase persistence or lactose tolerance is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood, allowing the digestion of lactose in milk. In most
Lactase_persistence
Benzodiazepine medication
depressed, there may be an increased risk of suicide. With long-term use, tolerance may develop, with larger doses required for the same effect. Physical
Lorazepam
Chemical compound found in some species of mushrooms
variables. Tolerance to psilocybin builds and dissipates quickly; ingesting it more than about once a week can lead to diminished effects. Tolerance dissipates
Psilocybin
CENTRAL TOLERANCE
CENTRAL TOLERANCE
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Central
Surname or Lastname
English (central and northern)
English (central and northern) : nickname for a gentle or timid person, from Middle English, Old English hind ‘female deer’.English and Scottish : variant of Hine ‘servant’, with excrescent -d.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Of variegated color
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly central)
English (mainly central) : topographic name for someone who lived where holly trees grew, from Middle English holi(n)s, plural of holin, holi(e) (Old English hole(g)n).
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit
Central; Centre of Body; An Ancient King
Girl/Female
Muslim
Limitless, Protector, Defendant, Central
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Cantrell.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Central
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly central and southeastern England)
English (mainly central and southeastern England) : patronymic from a personal name (see Hawk 1), or a variant of Hawk 2.
Surname or Lastname
English (southeastern and central)
English (southeastern and central) : topographic name for someone who lived by some oak trees, from misdivision of Middle English atten okes ‘at the oaks’ (see Nock).
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Protector; Central; Defendant
Surname or Lastname
English (central western England)
English (central western England) : from the Middle English personal name Huwelet, Huwelot, Hughelot, a double diminutive of Hugh formed with the diminutive suffixes -el + -et and -ot. The surname is also established in Ireland.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Protector defendant, central
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Protector; Defendant; Central
Boy/Male
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sindhi, Telugu
Of Variegated Colour
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil, Traditional
Central
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Central; Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Muslim
Protector, Defendant, Central
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly central England)
English (mainly central England) : patronymic from a pet form of the personal name Thomas.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly central and northern), Scottish, and Irish
English (chiefly central and northern), Scottish, and Irish : variant of Hanley.
CENTRAL TOLERANCE
CENTRAL TOLERANCE
Boy/Male
Muslim
A jewel, One who prevents
Girl/Female
Celebrity, Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit, Tamil, Traditional
Affection; Love
Boy/Male
Biblical
Snake, serpent.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Complete; Comprehensive
Female
English
Feminine form of English unisex Page, PAIGE means "page; young servant."
Male
Greek
(Ἰωσῆς) Greek name IOSES means "exalted." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including a brother of Jesus.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Convergence
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Beautiful
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi
Person Doing Good; Well Wisher; Well to do
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Agent
CENTRAL TOLERANCE
CENTRAL TOLERANCE
CENTRAL TOLERANCE
CENTRAL TOLERANCE
CENTRAL TOLERANCE
a.
Of or pertaining to the chin; genian; as, the mental nerve; the mental region.
v. t.
To place or fix in the center or on a central point.
a.
Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam, our general sire.
a.
Between the neural arch and the centrum of a vertebra; as, the neurocentral suture.
a.
Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; as, a general opinion; a general custom.
a.
Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his general habit or method.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the belly, or ventral side, of an animal or of one of its parts; hemal; abdominal; as, the ventral fin of a fish; the ventral root of a spinal nerve; -- opposed to dorsal.
a.
Alt. of Centrical
adv.
Toward the ventral side; on the ventral side; ventrally; -- opposed to dorsad.
a.
Of or pertaining to a century; as, a centurial sermon.
pl.
of Centrum
pl.
of Postmaster-general
n.
Alt. of Centrale
v. i.
To be placed in a center; to be central.
a.
Of or pertaining to the mind; intellectual; as, mental faculties; mental operations, conditions, or exercise.
a.
Pertaining to, or situated near, central or deep parts; inner; -- opposed to ectal.
n.
The central, or one of the central, bones of the carpus or or tarsus. In the tarsus of man it is represented by the navicular.
a.
Placed in the center or middle; central.
adv.
In a central manner or situation.