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CHAOTROPIC AGENT

  • Chaotropic agent
  • Molecules that disrupt hydrogen bonding

    A chaotropic agent is a molecule in water solution that can disrupt the hydrogen bonding network between water molecules (i.e. exerts chaotropic activity)

    Chaotropic agent

    Chaotropic_agent

  • Denaturation (biochemistry)
  • Loss of structure in proteins and nucleic acids due to external stress

    needed] Ethanol Cross-linking agents for proteins include:[citation needed] Formaldehyde Glutaraldehyde Chaotropic agents include:[citation needed] Urea

    Denaturation (biochemistry)

    Denaturation_(biochemistry)

  • Chaotropic activity
  • Disordering of biological structures

    partition into the hydrophobic domains of macromolecular systems. Chaotropic agent Hofmeister series Hamaguchi & Geiduschek (1962). "The Effect of Electrolytes

    Chaotropic activity

    Chaotropic_activity

  • Guanidinium thiocyanate
  • Chemical compound

    a chemical compound used as a general protein denaturant, being a chaotropic agent, although it is most commonly used as a nucleic acid protector in the

    Guanidinium thiocyanate

    Guanidinium thiocyanate

    Guanidinium_thiocyanate

  • Sodium iodide
  • Chemical compound

    salt formed when acidic iodides react with sodium hydroxide. It is a chaotropic salt. Sodium iodide, as well as potassium iodide, is commonly used to

    Sodium iodide

    Sodium iodide

    Sodium_iodide

  • Guanidinium chloride
  • Chemical compound

    Guanidinium chloride or guanidine hydrochloride, usually abbreviated GdmCl and sometimes GdnHCl or GuHCl, is the hydrochloride salt of guanidine. Guanidinium

    Guanidinium chloride

    Guanidinium chloride

    Guanidinium_chloride

  • Boom method
  • in the presence of a chaotropic agent, which follows the chaotropic effect. Put simply, the chaotropic effect is where a chaotropic anion in an aqueous

    Boom method

    Boom_method

  • Spin column-based nucleic acid purification
  • Method of purifying nucleic acids

    using guanidinium thiocyanate or guanidinium hydrochloride as the chaotropic agent. For ease of handling, the use of glass beads was later changed to

    Spin column-based nucleic acid purification

    Spin column-based nucleic acid purification

    Spin_column-based_nucleic_acid_purification

  • Kosmotropic
  • Agents which contribute to stability of water-water interactions

    and structure of water-water interactions. In contrast, chaotropic (disorder-making) agents have the opposite effect, disrupting water structure, increasing

    Kosmotropic

    Kosmotropic

  • Glutelin
  • Protein family

    Glutelins are soluble in dilute acids or bases, detergents, chaotropic agents, or reducing agents. They are also rich in hydrophobic amino acids, with a content

    Glutelin

    Glutelin

  • Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction
  • a lower organic phase (mainly phenol). Guanidinium thiocyanate, a chaotropic agent, is added to the organic phase to aid in the denaturation of proteins

    Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction

    Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction

    Acid_guanidinium_thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform_extraction

  • Lysis
  • Breaking down of the membrane of a cell

    the laboratory may be affected by enzymes or detergents or other chaotropic agents. Mechanical disruption of cell membranes, as by repeated freezing

    Lysis

    Lysis

    Lysis

  • Gel extraction
  • Removal of DNA fragments following gel electrophoresis

    generally call for the dissolution of the gel-slice in 3 volumes of chaotropic agent at 50 °C, followed by application of the solution to a spin-column

    Gel extraction

    Gel_extraction

  • Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
  • Analytical technique

    along the length of the polypeptide. Urea (CO(NH2)2; mW: 60.06) is a chaotropic agent that increases the entropy of the system by interfering with intramolecular

    Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

    Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

    Polyacrylamide_gel_electrophoresis

  • Lithium perchlorate
  • Chemical compound

    Concentrated solutions of lithium perchlorate (4.5 mol/L) are used as a chaotropic agent to denature proteins. Lithium perchlorate can be manufactured by reaction

    Lithium perchlorate

    Lithium perchlorate

    Lithium_perchlorate

  • Submitochondrial particle
  • consequence, the F1 particles which normally face the matrix are exposed. Chaotropic agents can destabilize F1 particles and cause them to dissociate from the

    Submitochondrial particle

    Submitochondrial particle

    Submitochondrial_particle

  • Complementary DNA
  • DNA reverse transcribed from RNA

    Importantly, RNA integrity is maintained by inactivating RNases with chaotropic agents such as guanidinium isothiocyanate, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)

    Complementary DNA

    Complementary DNA

    Complementary_DNA

  • C5-convertase
  • Serine protease that plays key role in innate immunity

    disulfide bonds could account for instability of C5 when exposed to chaotropic agents such as potassium thiocyanate. Electron micrographs of negatively

    C5-convertase

    C5-convertase

    C5-convertase

  • Small RNA sequencing
  • solution the nucleic acids and inactivating cellular ribonucleases (chaotropic agent). After this step an aliquot of chloroform is added in order to separate

    Small RNA sequencing

    Small_RNA_sequencing

  • Matrix metalloproteinase
  • Family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases

    activated in vitro by many mechanisms including organomercurials, chaotropic agents, and other proteases. The MMPs are inhibited by specific endogenous

    Matrix metalloproteinase

    Matrix_metalloproteinase

  • Transmembrane protein
  • Protein spanning across a biological membrane

    chemical denaturation studies. Some of them are very stable even in chaotropic agents and high temperature. Their folding in vivo is facilitated by water-soluble

    Transmembrane protein

    Transmembrane protein

    Transmembrane_protein

  • Ancient protein
  • during extraction. To make ancient proteins soluble, heat, sonication, chaotropic agents (urea/guanidine hydrochloride, GnHCl), detergents or other buffers

    Ancient protein

    Ancient protein

    Ancient_protein

  • Triticeae glutens
  • Seed storage protein in mature wheat seeds

    alcohol glutelins – soluble in dilute acids or bases, detergents, chaotropic or reducing agents. Of these proteins the last two, prolamin (in wheat – gliadin)

    Triticeae glutens

    Triticeae glutens

    Triticeae_glutens

  • DNA extraction
  • Process of isolating DNA from cells

    added to a column containing a silica gel or silica beads and chaotropic salts. The chaotropic salts disrupt the hydrogen bonding between strands and facilitate

    DNA extraction

    DNA_extraction

  • Potassium uptake permease
  • Protein family

    membranes: hydrophobic nanopores, pathways of low selectivity governed by the chaotropic behavior of individual ionic species under the influence of membrane voltage

    Potassium uptake permease

    Potassium_uptake_permease

  • Diels–Alder reaction
  • Chemical reaction

    reactions in nonaqueous polar solvents. Kinetic effects of chaotropic and antichaotropic agents and of β-cyclodextrin". Journal of the American Chemical

    Diels–Alder reaction

    Diels–Alder reaction

    Diels–Alder_reaction

  • Virus inactivation
  • Technique to prevent viral contamination

    pH-alteration inactivation. Chemical approaches encompass guanidinium-based chaotropic salts, detergents (e.g., sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], methanol, Tween

    Virus inactivation

    Virus_inactivation

  • Biosensor
  • Probe which tests for biological molecules

    interaction is generally robust, however, binding can be disrupted by chaotropic reagents, organic solvents, or even ultrasonic radiation. Antibody-antigen

    Biosensor

    Biosensor

  • NanoCLAMP
  • Immunology reagent

    polyol-responsive, meaning they release their targets upon exposure to a non-chaotropic salt and a polyol, such as propylene glycol. This property has been shown

    NanoCLAMP

    NanoCLAMP

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