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Part of a star
A circumstellar envelope (CSE) is a part of a star that has a roughly spherical shape and is not gravitationally bound to the star core. Usually circumstellar
Circumstellar_envelope
molecules that have been detected in the interstellar medium and circumstellar envelopes, grouped by the number of component atoms. The chemical formula
List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules
Star in the constellation Canis Major
mass of the Sun (M☉), and is surrounded by a complex asymmetric circumstellar envelope (CSE) caused by its mass loss. It produces strong molecular maser
VY_Canis_Majoris
Light from the stars
Majoris in the H band, ascribing the CP to multiple scattering in circumstellar envelopes. Chrysostomou et al. found CP with q of up to 0.17 in the Orion
Starlight
Grouping of evolved cool luminous stars
loss of AGB stars means that they are surrounded by an extended circumstellar envelope (CSE). Given a mean AGB lifetime of one Myr and an outer velocity
Asymptotic_giant_branch
Spectroscopic binary in Carina
it passes in front of the primary. The system is surrounded by a circumstellar envelope, identifiable due to a double peak in Hα emission, with an effective
HH_Carinae
Accumulation of matter around a star
A circumstellar disc (or circumstellar disk) is a torus-, pancake- or ring-shaped accretion disk of matter composed of gas, dust, planetesimals, asteroids
Circumstellar_disc
Mira variable star in the constellation Hercules
Hercules. It is an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star surrounded by a circumstellar envelope in which maser emission from the SiO, H2O and OH molecules has been
HD_148206
Red supergiant star in the constellation Orion
one extends out from the center; Betelgeuse is surrounded by a circumstellar envelope composed of matter ejected from the star—matter which absorbs and
Betelgeuse
Star in the constellation Sagittarius
"Interaction of Dust and Radiation in Circumstellar Envelopes. I. The Expansion Velocity Gradient in the Envelope of VX Sagittarii". The Astrophysical
VX_Sagittarii
Changes to stars over their lifespans
type of the star. The gas builds up in an expanding shell called a circumstellar envelope and cools as it moves away from the star, allowing dust particles
Stellar_evolution
Outer region of the volume of a star
proposed the presently-accepted composition of stellar atmospheres Circumstellar envelope Heliosphere ""Beyond the Blue Horizon" – A Total Solar Eclipse Chase"
Stellar_atmosphere
Stellar core remnant
493. p. 291. Bibcode:2015ASPC..493..291Z. Farihi, J. (1 April 2016). "Circumstellar debris and pollution at white dwarf stars". New Astronomy Reviews. 71:
White_dwarf
Stars with a supergiant luminosity class with a spectral type of K or M
Cohen, R. J. (1999). "Maser mapping of small-scale structure in the circumstellar envelope of S Persei". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Red_supergiant
Dust around a star
causes the zodiacal light. Accretion disc Circumplanetary disk Circumstellar envelope Tabby's Star − oddly dimming star List of stars that have unusual
Circumstellar_dust
Binary star in the constellation Carina
surrounded by a large circumstellar envelope of 208 AU. AFGL 4106 was first observed in 1986 by IRAS. It and its dust envelope was first characterised
AFGL_4106
Hypothetical early-universe star with a black hole core
envelope of gas (which contains the bulk of the star's mass) held back by radiation pressure generated by the infalling gas. This overlying envelope is
Quasi-star
Type of neutron star with a strong magnetic field
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Magnetar
Set of non-stellar objects in orbit around a star
asteroids, natural satellites, meteoroids, comets, planetesimals, and circumstellar disks. The Solar System is an example of a planetary system, in which
Planetary_system
Common gas atmosphere of a binary star system
configuration is said to be in a common-envelope phase or undergoing common-envelope evolution. During a common-envelope phase, the embedded binary system is
Common_envelope
Accumulation of matter around a planet
diffuse material in orbital motion around a massive central body Circumstellar envelope – Part of a star Disrupted planet – Planetary object disrupted by
Circumplanetary_disk
Astrophysical phenomenon
possibly because the white dwarf is surrounded by an envelope of hydrogen-rich circumstellar material. These supernovae have been dubbed Type Ia/IIn
Supernova
Hypothesized alternative to a black hole
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Gravastar
Star in its early stage of evolution
accumulation of material that falls in to a protostar from a circumstellar disk or envelope. Material in the disk is cooler than the surface of the protostar
Young_stellar_object
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
List_of_brightest_stars
Theoretical stellar remnant
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Black_dwarf
Creation of chemical elements within stars
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Stellar_nucleosynthesis
the Yellow Hypergiant Star ρ Cassiopeiae: Convection Cells and Circumstellar Envelope". The Astrophysical Journal. 974 (1): 113. arXiv:2408.02756. Bibcode:2024ApJ
List of stars with resolved images
List_of_stars_with_resolved_images
Star in the constellation Carina
In 2007 the high spatial and spectral resolution of the star's circumstellar envelope was studied. This was the first time such a study was carried out
CPD−57°2874
J. H.; Marvel, K. B. (February 2013). "The abundance of HCN in circumstellar envelopes of AGB stars of different chemical types". Astronomy & Astrophysics
List_of_largest_stars
Star whose brightness fluctuates, as seen from Earth
to spots on the stellar surface and gas-dust clumps, orbiting in the circumstellar disks. This class of variables are subdivided into classical and weak-line
Variable_star
B-type star with forbidden emission lines
B[e] star. The sgB[e] stars have hot fast winds which produce extended circumstellar material, plus a denser equatorial disc. HAeB[e] are surrounded by the
B(e)_star
Gravitational process studied in astronomy
material onto the protostar continues partially from the newly formed circumstellar disc. When the density and temperature are high enough, deuterium fusion
Star_formation
Gas and dust surrounding a newly formed star
A protoplanetary disk is a rotating circumstellar disc of dense gas and dust surrounding a young newly formed star, a T Tauri star, or Herbig Ae/Be star
Protoplanetary_disk
Type of large cool star
However, their outer envelope is lower in temperature, giving them a yellowish-orange hue. Despite the lower energy density of their envelope, red giants are
Red_giant
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
List_of_nearest_stars
Nebula surrounding a dying star
place in less than around 10,000 years or else the density of the circumstellar envelope will fall below the PN formulation density threshold of around 100[clarification
Protoplanetary_nebula
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
List_of_proper_names_of_stars
Substellar object
OB stars; Fragmentation and subsequent ejection of material in the circumstellar disc of a large star; Gravitational collapse of turbulent molecular
Brown_dwarf
Stellar classification
Beta Pictoris and HR 8799. Examples of A-type main-sequence stars with circumstellar disc and exoplanets: Within 40 light-years: Sirius is the brightest
A-type_main-sequence_star
Scatter plot of stars showing the relationship of luminosity to stellar classification
extinction (obscuration) are also apparent in stars having significant circumstellar dust. The ideal of direct comparison of theoretical predictions of stellar
Hertzsprung–Russell_diagram
Class of young variable stars
(NTTS), which is a subset of WTTS. Roughly half of T Tauri stars have circumstellar disks, which in this case are called protoplanetary discs because they
T_Tauri_star
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Lists_of_stars
Unit of time
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Galactic_year
Astronomical objects of planetary size that did not form in orbit around a star
orbits around a young brown dwarf with a circumstellar disk and itself is likely surrounded by a circumstellar disk. The mass ratio is well above the upper
Sub-brown_dwarf
Type of star
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Strange_star
Classification in astronomy
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Compact_object
Central region of the Sun
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Solar_core
Young stars of spectral types A and B
B. These stars are still embedded in gas-dust envelopes and are sometimes accompanied by circumstellar disks. Hydrogen and calcium emission lines are
Herbig_Ae/Be_star
Hot, giant star of early spectral type
have helium burning cores, although they still have an extensive hydrogen envelope. They also have moderate masses around 0.5–1.0 M☉ so they are often much
Blue_giant
Brightest star in the constellation Orion
Israelian, G.; Chentsov, E.; Musaev, F. (1997). "The inhomogeneous circumstellar envelope of Rigel (β Orionis A)". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Rigel
Changed position of star vs background
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Stellar_parallax
Nuclear fusion reaction
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Alpha_process
Binary star in the constellation Scorpius
Reimers, D.; Hagen, H.-J. (2012-10-01). "A hydrodynamic study of the circumstellar envelope of α Scorpii". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 546: A3. arXiv:1208.5866
Antares
B-type star with emission lines
century it became clear that these lines in Be stars must come from circumstellar material ejected from the star helped by the rapid rotation of the star
Be_star
Scientific study of celestial objects visible in wavelengths of 30-450 μm
contained in molecular clouds. These emissions are from dust in circumstellar envelopes around numerous old red giant stars. The Bolocam Galactic Plane
Far-infrared_astronomy
Grouping of stars by similar metallicity
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Stellar_population
Small number of stars that orbit each other
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Star_system
Hypothetical types of stars
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Exotic_star
Main-sequence star of spectral type O
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
O-type_main-sequence_star
Relative abundance of heavy elements in a star or other astronomical object
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Metallicity
Rare star with tremendous luminosity and high rates of mass loss by stellar winds
(1998). Massive Stars: The Pre-Supernova Evolution of Internal and Circumstellar Structure. Reviews in Modern Astronomy. Vol. 11. p. 57. Bibcode:1998RvMA
Hypergiant
Structure of stars
transparent to ultraviolet radiation. Thus, massive stars have a radiative envelope. The lowest mass main sequence stars have no radiation zone; the dominant
Stellar_structure
Type of neutron star with beams of radiation
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Pulsar
Small patches of nebulosity associated with newly born stars
; Montmerle, T. (January 1994). "From T Tauri stars to protostars: Circumstellar material and young stellar objects in the rho Ophiuchi cloud". Astrophysical
Herbig–Haro_object
Physical phenomenon of stars
doi:10.1086/161748. ISSN 0004-637X. Reimers, D. (1975-01-01). Circumstellar envelopes and mass loss of red giant stars. Bibcode:1975psae.book..229R.
Stellar_mass_loss
Large self-illuminated object in space
radiatative heat transfer inefficient) as in the outer envelope. The occurrence of convection in the outer envelope of a main-sequence star depends on the star's
Star
Type of star that is massive and luminous
luminous stars have high mass-loss rates and resulting clouds of expelled circumstellar materials, which can produce emission lines, P Cygni profiles, or forbidden
Supergiant
Type of emission nebula created by dying red giants
surrounding gas, and an ionization front propagates outward into the circumstellar envelope of neutral atoms. About 3000 planetary nebulae are now known to
Planetary_nebula
1051/0004-6361/201423721. ISSN 0004-6361. Cohen, M. (1979-03-01). "Circumstellar envelopes and the evolution of carbon stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal
List_of_coolest_stars
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
List of star systems within 20–25 light-years
List_of_star_systems_within_20–25_light-years
Supernova that ejects a large mass at unusually high velocity
increasingly being studied as the best method for both stripping stellar envelopes to leave a bare carbon-oxygen core, and for inducing the necessary spin
Hypernova
Hypothetical class of star that develops from a red dwarf
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Blue_dwarf_(red-dwarf_stage)
Hypothetical astronomical object
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Planck_star
Compact exotic star which forms matter consisting mostly of quarks
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Quark_star
Type of star that is luminous, blue, and variable in brightness
(blue supergiant in NGC 3603 with a bipolar outflow and surrounded by a circumstellar ring) BD+40°4210 (blue supergiant in the stellar association Cygnus
Luminous_blue_variable
Stellar classification
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
O-type_star
Star not gravitationally bound to any galaxy
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Intergalactic_star
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
Hoffmann, W. F. (2009). "Imaging the Cool Hypergiant NML Cygni's Dusty Circumstellar Envelope with Adaptive Optics". The Astrophysical Journal. 699 (2): 1423–1432
Cygnus_(constellation)
Dim, low mass stars on the main sequence
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Red_dwarf
Type of interstellar cloud
evolution of the Solar System Interstellar ice List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules Nebula Orion molecular cloud complex Perseus molecular cloud
Molecular_cloud
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
List_of_most_distant_stars
Pattern of stars recognized on Earth's night sky
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Asterism_(astronomy)
Heterogeneous class of stars with unusual spectra
frequently have a broadened absorption wing (P Cygni profile) suggesting circumstellar material. A WO sequence has also been separated from the WC sequence
Wolf–Rayet_star
Early stage in the process of star formation
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Protostar
Light emitted by the Sun
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Sunlight
Hypothetical star heated by dark-matter annihilation
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Dark_star_(dark_matter)
Stellar classification
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
F-type_main-sequence_star
Calculated property of a star or planet
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Effective_temperature
Supernova at least ten times more luminous than a standard supernova
particularly massive stars, millisecond magnetars, interaction with circumstellar material (CSM model), or pair-instability supernovae. The first confirmed
Superluminous_supernova
Star that never sets due to its apparent proximity to a celestial pole
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Circumpolar_star
Star in the constellation Cetus
Accretion Accretion disk Asteroid belt Circumplanetary disk Circumstellar disc Circumstellar envelope Cosmic dust Debris disk Detached object Disrupted planet
LHS_1140
Star's outer shell from which light is radiated
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Photosphere
Study of the movement of stars
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Stellar_kinematics
Outermost layer of a star's atmosphere
emission. However these stars do not have coronae, but the outer stellar envelopes emit this radiation during shocks due to thermal instabilities in rapidly
Stellar_corona
Set of nuclear fusion reactions
off-center. For stars in this mass range neon-burning occurs in a convective envelope rather than at the core of the star. For the particular example of a 9
Oxygen-burning_process
Stellar classification
Protoplanetary disk Proplyd Asteroseismology Helioseismology Circumstellar dust Cosmic dust Circumstellar envelope Eddington luminosity Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
K-type_main-sequence_star
Yellow hypergiant star in the constellation Cassiopeia
cold spots also had been observed, as well as the star's extended circumstellar envelope. The distance was refined to 2,800 parsecs (9,100 ly) in 2026, yielding
Rho_Cassiopeiae
Type of star, larger and brighter than the Sun
energy-generation rate. The overall luminosity of the star decreases, its outer envelope contracts again, and the star moves from the red-giant branch to the horizontal
Giant_star
Red supergiant star in open cluster Stephenson 2
resulting in the incredibly large dust envelope. Estimates suggest the total mass loss to the extended circumstellar material at 0.1–1 M☉. The scale and
Stephenson_2_DFK_52
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CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE
CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE
CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE
CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE
CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE
CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE
CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE
CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE
CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE
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