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Chemical compound
Hydrogen cyanide (also called prussic acid) is a chemical compound with the formula HCN and structural formula H−C≡N. It is a highly toxic and flammable
Hydrogen_cyanide
Broad-spectrum poisoning
neurological problems. Toxic cyanide-containing compounds include hydrogen cyanide gas and cyanide salts, such as potassium cyanide. Poisoning is relatively
Cyanide_poisoning
Any molecule with a cyano group (C≡N)
most toxic cyanides are hydrogen cyanide (HCN), sodium cyanide (NaCN), potassium cyanide (KCN), and calcium cyanide (Ca(CN)2). The cyanide anion is an
Cyanide
Toxic chemical compound (NaCN)
toward metals. It is a moderately strong base. Sodium cyanide is produced by treating hydrogen cyanide with sodium hydroxide: HCN + NaOH → NaCN + H2O Worldwide
Sodium_cyanide
Chemical compound
Potassium cyanide is highly toxic, and a dose of 200 to 300 milligrams will kill nearly any human. The moist solid emits small amounts of hydrogen cyanide due
Potassium_cyanide
Organic compound with a –C≡N functional group
compound of the homolog row of nitriles, the nitrile of formic acid, hydrogen cyanide was first synthesized by C. W. Scheele in 1782. In 1811 J. L. Gay-Lussac
Nitrile
Organic compound (CH3–C≡N); simplest organic nitrile
(methyl cyanide), is the chemical compound with the formula CH3CN and structure H3C−C≡N. This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide
Acetonitrile
Pesticide notorious for its use during the Holocaust
B) was the trade name of a cyanide-based pesticide invented in Germany in the early 1920s. It consists of hydrogen cyanide (prussic acid), as well as
Zyklon_B
Chemical compound
HCNH+, also known as protonated hydrogen cyanide, is a molecular ion of astrophysical interest. It also exists in the condensed state when formed by superacids
Protonated_hydrogen_cyanide
Chemical compound
Ammonium cyanide is an unstable inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH4CN. It is the ammonium salt of hydrogen cyanide. It consists of ammonium
Ammonium_cyanide
Sealed room into which gas is pumped in, causing death by poisoning or asphyxiation
poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced. Poisonous agents used include hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide. High concentration carbon dioxide is typically
Gas_chamber
Chemical compound
release hydrogen cyanide and is very toxic. Solutions of calcium cyanide can be prepared by treating calcium hydroxide with hydrogen cyanide. Solid calcium
Calcium_cyanide
Chemical compound
in organic synthesis as the equivalent of hydrogen cyanide. It is prepared by the reaction of lithium cyanide and trimethylsilyl chloride: LiCN + (CH3)3SiCl
Trimethylsilyl_cyanide
Species of millipede
yellow-tipped keels warn of its ability to exude toxic hydrogen cyanide as a defense. The cyanide secretions are not dangerous to humans, but can cause
Harpaphe_haydeniana
Chemical compound
its relationship to maleic acid. DAMN forms by oligomerization of hydrogen cyanide. It is the starting point for the synthesis of several classes of heterocyclic
Diaminomaleonitrile
Synthetic pigment
Prussian blue lent its name to prussic acid (hydrogen cyanide) derived from it. In German, hydrogen cyanide is called Blausäure ('blue acid'). Prussian
Prussian_blue
Chemical compound
reagent in organic synthesis, s-triazine is used as the equivalent of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Being a solid (vs a gas for HCN), triazine is sometimes easier
1,3,5-Triazine
Type of toxic chemical agent
and duration. Cyanide-based blood agents irritate the eyes and the respiratory tract, while arsine is nonirritating. Hydrogen cyanide has a faint, bitter
Blood_agent
Chemical compound, tautomer of hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen isocyanide is a chemical with the molecular formula HNC. It is a minor tautomer of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Its importance in the field of astrochemistry
Hydrogen_isocyanide
Cyanogenic glycoside present in seeds of fruit
give benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide. Hydrogen cyanide in sufficient quantities (allowable daily intake: ~0.6 mg) causes cyanide poisoning which has a
Amygdalin
Technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore
sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide; many operations use calcium cyanide, which is more cost effective. To prevent the creation of toxic hydrogen cyanide during
Gold_cyanidation
Chemical process for the production of hydrogen cyanide
Degussa for the production of hydrogen cyanide from methane and ammonia in presence of a platinum catalyst. Hydrogen cyanide is used in the chemical industry
BMA_process
Process for industrial production of hydrogen cyanide
Andrussow process is the dominant industrial process for the production of hydrogen cyanide. It involves the reaction of methane, ammonia, and oxygen. The process
Andrussow_process
Staple crop
remove the hydrogen cyanide; and drying and sieving the mash for flour. The poisonous filtrate water was boiled to release the hydrogen cyanide, and used
Cassava
Compounds with similar properties to polyatomic halogens
such as cyanogen; pseudohalide anions, such as cyanide ion; inorganic acids, such as hydrogen cyanide; as ligands in coordination complexes, such as ferricyanide;
Pseudohalogen
Gas layer surrounding the moon Titan
65%), and hydrogen (0.099%). It also contains trace amounts of various hydrocarbons and other gases, including ethane, acetylene, hydrogen cyanide, carbon
Atmosphere_of_Titan
Species of plant
contain small amounts of hydrogen cyanide; any fruit tasting bitter (which indicates larger concentrations of hydrogen cyanide) should not be eaten. The
Prunus_laurocerasus
Gas used to create buoyancy in a balloon or aerostat
flammability and low lifting power make it an unattractive choice. Hydrogen cyanide, which is 7% lighter than air, is technically capable of being used
Lifting_gas
Molecular gases which transmit information
oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxide, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, methane, hydrogen, ethylene, etc. Select gaseous signaling molecules behave
Gaseous_signaling_molecules
Chemical compound
Barium cyanide is a chemical compound with the formula Ba(CN)2. It is synthesized by the reaction of hydrogen cyanide and barium hydroxide in water or
Barium_cyanide
Species of millipede
other millipedes secrete hydrogen cyanide, and while there have also been claims that N. americanus releases hydrogen cyanide, they are unsubstantiated
Narceus_americanus
Chemical compound
Mercury(II) cyanide, also known as mercuric cyanide, is a poisonous compound of mercury and cyanide. It is an odorless, toxic white powder. It is highly
Mercury(II)_cyanide
Experiment testing the origin of life
synthesis of the amino acid alanine from acetaldehyde, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide. In 1913, Walther Löb synthesized amino acids by exposing formamide
Miller–Urey_experiment
Chemical process of converting alkenes to nitriles
conversion of alkenes to nitriles. The reaction involves the addition of hydrogen cyanide and requires a catalyst if the substrate alkene is unactivated. This
Hydrocyanation
Many-legged arthropods with elongated bodies
secretions contain hydrogen cyanide. Among geophilomorphs, the secretions of Geophilus vittatus are sticky and odorous, and contain hydrogen cyanide. The giant
Centipede
Cyclic compound (C2H4O)
with hydrogen cyanide forming ethylene cyanohydrin: (CH2CH2)O + HCN → HO–CH2CH2–CN A slightly chilled (10–20 °C) aqueous solution of calcium cyanide can
Ethylene_oxide
Chemical compound
It occurs as white crystals that react slowly with water to form hydrogen cyanide. The atoms in this compound's molecules are arranged linearly, having
Cyanogen_iodide
Organic compound used in plastics manufacture
per year, rising to about 6 million tonnes by 2017. Acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide are significant byproducts that are recovered for sale. In fact, the
Acrylonitrile
Chemical compound
Caesium cyanide (chemical formula: CsCN) is the caesium salt of hydrogen cyanide. It is a white solid, easily soluble in water, with a smell reminiscent
Caesium_cyanide
Mass of airborne particulates and gases
damage, poisoning and pulmonary irritation caused by carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and other combustion products. Smoke is an aerosol (or mist) of solid
Smoke
Principle applying to all stable substances
possible structures for hydrogen cyanide, HCN and CNH, differing only as to the position of the hydrogen atom. The structure with hydrogen attached to nitrogen
Pauling's principle of electroneutrality
Pauling's_principle_of_electroneutrality
Jar used to kill insects so they can be used as specimens
help get the process going again. The potassium cyanide slowly decomposes, releasing hydrogen cyanide. In former times, amateur entomologists commonly
Killing_jar
Chemical compound
pure L-alanine the raw mixture of Strecker synthesis from methanal, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia Avoidance of complex and yield-reducing isolation steps;
Trisodium dicarboxymethyl alaninate
Trisodium_dicarboxymethyl_alaninate
Carbon-containing chemical compound
molecules containing carbon are generally not accepted: cyanide ion (CN−), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), chloroformic acid (ClCO2H), carbon dioxide (CO2),
Organic_compound
Chemical compound
produced by the addition of hydrogen cyanide to acrylonitrile (hydrocyanation): CH2=CHCN + HCN → NCCH2CH2CN Hydrogenation of succinonitrile yields putrescine
Succinonitrile
Species of flowering plant
Society's Award of Garden Merit. The leaves of Prunus lusitanica contain hydrogen cyanide and will release this into the environment if burnt or if crushed.
Prunus_lusitanica
Pseudoscientific document
to sodium cyanide and hydrogen cyanide with DuPont was "an on-going thing". DuPont, the largest American manufacturer of hydrogen cyanide, stated that
Leuchter_report
CH3NO, simplest amide
→ HCONH2 + CH3OH Formamide is used in the industrial production of hydrogen cyanide. It is also used as a solvent for processing various polymers such
Formamide
Toxic crystalline salt
uses. LiCN is produced from the reaction of lithium hydroxide and hydrogen cyanide. A laboratory-scale preparation uses acetone cyanohydrin as a surrogate
Lithium_cyanide
Chemical reaction
which aromatic compounds are formylated by a mixture of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such
Gattermann_reaction
Chemical compound
of an acid or exposure to UV light can result in the production of hydrogen cyanide gas, which is extremely toxic. When combined with a Fe(III) salt, it
Sodium_ferrocyanide
Largest moon of Saturn
acetylene, and propane, and other gases, such as cyanoacetylene, hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, cyanogen, argon, and helium. The
Titan_(moon)
Using poison gas or other toxins in war
to neutralize them chemically, as with ammonia as a neutralizer for hydrogen cyanide or chlorine. Riot control agents such as CS will dissipate in an open
Chemical_warfare
Life arising from non-living matter
are supplied with inorganic educts (e.g. carbon monoxide, hydrogen, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen, and phosphate) and simple organic molecules (e
Abiogenesis
Chemical compound
both arsenic and hydrogen cyanide. Cacodyl cyanide can be prepared by reaction of cacodyl oxide with mercuric cyanide. Cacodyl cyanide is a white solid
Cacodyl_cyanide
Proposed alternative scenarios related to abiogenesis
and others found that a network of reactions beginning with hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide, in streams of water irradiated by UV light, could produce
Alternative abiogenesis scenarios
Alternative_abiogenesis_scenarios
British engineer and businessman (born 1952)
bacteria, but it has had problems because the syngas has levels of hydrogen cyanide too high for the bacteria to survive. INEOS sold its US plant to Alliance
Jim_Ratcliffe
Species of millipede
them occur after rain showers. The millipede has glands that produce hydrogen cyanide to protect it from predators, which causes it to smell like almonds
Desmoxytes_purpurosea
Chemical compound
solution of hydrogen cyanide in benzene: (CH3)2Be + 2 HCN → Be(CN)2 + 2 CH4 A safer modern synthesis has been developed, reacting trimethylsilyl cyanide and beryllium
Beryllium_cyanide
Device that uses chemicals to kill or harm individuals
blindness, and death. During World War II, Nazi Germany used a commercial hydrogen cyanide blood agent trade-named Zyklon B to commit industrialised genocide
Chemical_weapon
Chemical compound
of cyanide metabolism in the body. Oxidation of thiocyanate inevitably produces bisulfate. The other product depends on pH: in acid, it is hydrogen cyanide
Thiocyanate
American woman acquitted of murder (1860–1927)
Evidence was excluded that she had sought to purchase prussic acid (hydrogen cyanide) from the local druggist on the day before the murders, purportedly
Lizzie_Borden
Ukrainian nationalist and political leader (1912–1957)
October 1957 in Munich by a KGB agent, Bohdan Stashynsky, using a hydrogen cyanide atomizer mist gun. After Rebet was assassinated, his widow Daria Rebet [uk]
Lev_Rebet
Chemical compound
added the weapon to its arsenal, and considered using it, along with hydrogen cyanide, as part of Operation Downfall, the planned invasion of Japan, but
Cyanogen_chloride
Layer of gases surrounding the dwarf planet Pluto
acetylene (C2H2, about 0.0003%), heavier hydrocarbons and nitriles and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) , These compounds slowly precipitate on the surface. They probably
Atmosphere_of_Pluto
Chemical compound
Tetraethylammonium cyanide is the organic compound with the formula [(CH3CH2)4N]CN. It is a "quat salt" of hydrogen cyanide. It consists of tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium_cyanide
the life-sustaining processes of the blood. Cyanogen chloride (CK) Hydrogen cyanide (AC) Arsine (SA) These substances are sometime referred to as pulmonary
List of chemical warfare agents
List_of_chemical_warfare_agents
Fire in Suitland, Maryland, US
destroyed, and the fire was finally extinguished after one hour. Poisonous hydrogen cyanide and sulfur dioxide gases created by the burning of the nitrocellulose
1978 National Archives vault fire
1978_National_Archives_vault_fire
Chemical compound
additional UDP-glucosyltransferase or degraded into benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide. Researchers have shown that the accumulation (or lack of) of prunasin
Prunasin
Poisonous and flammable gas
animals by inhibiting cellular respiration in a manner similar to hydrogen cyanide. When it is inhaled or its salts are ingested in high amounts, damage
Hydrogen_sulfide
Practice of researchers trying procedures on themselves
days in great pain, but survived. Joseph Barcroft, in 1917, tested hydrogen cyanide on himself as part of research into poison gas in World War I. He was
Self-experimentation in medicine
Self-experimentation_in_medicine
Chemical substances containing carbon
trithiocarbonates. Small inorganic carbon–nitrogen compounds are cyanogen, hydrogen cyanide, cyanamide, isocyanic acid and cyanogen chloride. Paracyanogen is the
Carbon_compounds
Chemical compound
multiple sorghum varieties in 1906 as the culprit of cattle poisoning by hydrogen cyanide, dhurrin is most typically associated with Sorghum bicolor, the organism
Dhurrin
English chemist & alchemist (1757–1783)
credible witnesses, he instead killed himself by drinking prussic acid (hydrogen cyanide). Born in London in 1757, his original surname was Higginbotham, but
James_Price_(chemist)
Chemical compound
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), also known as acrylic. It liberates hydrogen cyanide easily, so it is used as a source of such. For this reason, this cyanohydrin
Acetone_cyanohydrin
Class of enzymes
The enzyme converts the cyanide containing compounds into acetone cyanohydrin, which spontaneously decomposes to hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The HCN then either
Linamarase
Scientific assessments on the microbial habitability of Titan
reaction starts with dissociation of nitrogen and methane, forming hydrogen cyanide and acetylene. Further reactions have been studied extensively. In
Life_on_Titan
Chemical compound
and hydrogen cyanide. Aluminium cyanide was first produced in 1924 as its ammoniate, Al(CN)3·5NH3, by reacting aluminium metal and mercury(II) cyanide in
Aluminium_cyanide
Functional group in organic chemistry
treating a ketone or an aldehyde with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of excess amounts of sodium cyanide (NaCN) as a catalyst: RR’C=O + HCN → RR’C(OH)CN
Cyanohydrin
Chemical compound
chemicals. Because glycolonitrile decomposes readily into formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide, it is listed as an extremely hazardous substance. In January 2019
Glycolonitrile
Species of moth
distributions are different. Members of this family all produce HCN (hydrogen cyanide) a potent antipredator toxin. The adult has narrow black wings, usually
Grapeleaf_skeletonizer
Chemical compound
products when detonated: ammonia and hydrogen cyanide. When combined with ADN or AN oxidizers, the amount of hydrogen cyanide produced may be reduced. The compound
HBT_(explosive)
Order of millipedes
than 5,000 species, including all the millipedes reported to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN). This order is also the most diverse of the millipede orders
Polydesmida
Flowering plant and fruit
both cause some of the nitriles to be hydrolysed and produce toxic hydrogen cyanide, which is a volatile gas. The seeds are toxic only if eaten in large
Quince
Species of plant
wilted from frost or hot, dry weather can contain sufficient amounts of hydrogen cyanide to kill cattle and horses if it is eaten in quantity. The foliage can
Johnson_grass
compounds hydrolyze in aqueous base, eliminating both an equivalent of hydrogen cyanide and the carboxylic acid corresponding the acyl moiety. The Reissert
Reissert_reaction
Chemical compound
environmentally unfriendly, short-lived, and capable of releasing hydrogen cyanide gas if mixed with high concentrations and volumes of acid, bleaches
Potassium_ferricyanide
German manufacturer of Zyklon B
Zyklon, a pesticide consisting of inert adsorbents saturated with hydrogen cyanide, a volatile liquid extremely toxic to animals and humans. For legitimate
Tesch_&_Stabenow
Chemical element with atomic number 84 (Po)
role. By mass, polonium-210 is around 250,000 times more toxic than hydrogen cyanide (the median lethal dose for 210Po is less than 1 microgram for an average
Polonium
Heterocyclic aromatic organic compound
synthesis. II. Synthesis of purine precursors and amino acids from aqueous hydrogen cyanide". Journal of Molecular Biology. 30 (2): 223–253. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(67)80037-8
Purine
Transport truck fire in the Mont Blanc Tunnel
were quickly overcome due to toxic components of the smoke, mainly hydrogen cyanide. At 10:57 and 10:59, two fire trucks from Chamonix responded to the
Mont_Blanc_Tunnel_fire
Hazmat labeling system
response. In this case, sodium was able to react with water to release hydrogen gas and large amounts of heat, which has the potential to explode. The
NFPA_704
Chemical compound
compounds: Hydrazine, in the Olin Raschig process and the peroxide process Hydrogen cyanide, in the BMA process and the Andrussow process Hydroxylamine and ammonium
Ammonia
Indigenous inhabitants of the Bahamas
of hydrogen cyanide, was prepared by peeling, grinding, and mashing. The mash was then filtered through a basket tube to remove the hydrogen cyanide as
Lucayan_people
Chemical compound
clouds and dense clouds. Usually, CN is detected in regions with hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen isocyanide, and HCNH+, since it is involved in the creation and
Cyano_radical
Measurement of lethal dose of substance
10 mg/m3 (1 × 100 = 100, as does 10 × 10 = 100). Some chemicals, such as hydrogen cyanide, are rapidly detoxified by the human body, and do not follow Haber's
Median_lethal_dose
Possible alternative biochemicals used by life forms
Hydrogen sulfide, like hydrogen cyanide and ammonia, suffers from the small temperature range where it is liquid, though that, like that of hydrogen cyanide
Hypothetical types of biochemistry
Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry
German chemical engineer (1896–1988)
chemical engineer. He developed the process for the production of hydrogen cyanide based on the oxidation of ammonia and methane, which is named after
Leonid_Andrussow
Privately owned multinational chemicals company
HydrogenOne Capital Growth, a fund that was aiming to raise £250m and float on the London Stock Exchange. HydrogenOne would invest in 'green hydrogen'
Ineos
Gas desulfurizing process
Moreover, the input feedstock is usually a mixture of gases, containing hydrogen cyanide, hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide or ammonia. The mixture may begin as
Claus_process
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