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Potential for problems from the impacts of climate change
Climate risk is the potential for problems for societies or ecosystems from the impacts of climate change. The assessment of climate risk is based on
Climate_risk
Human-caused changes to climate on Earth
Adapting to climate change through efforts like flood control measures or drought-resistant crops partially reduces climate change risks, although some
Climate_change
Insurance to mitigate risks from climate change
Climate risk insurance is a type of insurance designed to mitigate the financial and other risk associated with climate change, especially phenomena like
Climate_risk_insurance
Strategies for mitigating risks from climate change
Climate risk management (CRM) is a term describing the strategies involved in reducing climate risk, through the work of various fields including climate
Climate_risk_management
Possibility of something bad happening
Risk is the possibility of something bad happening, comprising a level of uncertainty about the effects and implications of an activity, particularly negative
Risk
Concept regarding strength of impact of climate change
adapt are also part of this concept. Vulnerability is a component of climate risk. It differs within communities and also across societies, regions, and
Climate_change_vulnerability
Process of adjusting to effects of climate change
Climate change contributes to disaster risk. Therefore, experts often see climate change adaptation as one of many processes within disaster risk reduction
Climate_change_adaptation
Term to describe possible catastrophic events due to climate change
systemic risk (relating to migration, famine, or conflict), and disease. Climate change and civilizational collapse refers to a hypothetical risk that the
Climate_apocalypse
Preventing and reducing disaster risk factors
support developing countries in managing the interconnected risks of natural hazards and climate hazards. Between 2007 and 2022, GFDRR provided $890 million
Disaster_risk_reduction
American real estate marketplace company
leader in climate risk financial modeling, to introduce a new Climate Risk Score to help home shoppers assess potential climate-related risks for properties
Zillow
Methods for reducing detrimental effects of flood waters
As climate change has led to increased flood risk an intensity, flood management is an important part of climate change adaptation and climate resilience
Flood_management
by rising sea levels. Some groups of people may be particularly at risk from climate change, such as the poor, children, and indigenous peoples. Industrialised
Effects_of_climate_change
Hypothetical global-scale disaster risk
large cobalt bombs. Other global catastrophic risks concerning the environment include man-made climate change, environmental degradation, ecosystem collapse
Global_catastrophic_risk
Situation or object that can cause harm
specific climate variables necessary for their formation. The terms hazard and risk are often used interchangeably. However, in terms of risk assessment
Hazard
Nonprofit organization
on Climate Risk (INCR) is a nonprofit organization of investors and financial institutions that promotes better understanding of the financial risks and
Investor Network on Climate Risk
Investor_Network_on_Climate_Risk
coordinated engagement campaigns on topics including antimicrobial resistance, climate risk and livestock supply-chain practices. FAIRR has expanded to more than
FAIRR
Voluntary association
Sweden. Germanwatch also publishes the Global Climate Risk Index. The annually published Global Climate Risk Index analyses to what extent countries have
Germanwatch
Fund's Children’s Climate Risk Report 2026 estimated that almost all children are now exposed to at least one of the following climate hazards: riverine
2026_in_climate_change
Identification, evaluation and control of risks
Risk management is the identification, evaluation, and prioritization of risks, followed by the minimization, monitoring, and control of the impact or
Risk_management
Global Climate Risk Index ranked the Philippines fourth of the ten countries most affected between the years 2000 and 2019. The need for managing climate risks
Climate change adaptation in the Philippines
Climate_change_adaptation_in_the_Philippines
International environmental treaty
level of climate change is dangerous. Scientific analysis can provide information on the risks of climate change, but deciding which risks are dangerous
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change
Series of United Nations conferences
World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction is a series of United Nations conferences focusing on disaster and climate risk management in the context of
World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
World_Conference_on_Disaster_Risk_Reduction
effects become wide-spread risks to human health. Some groups are more vulnerable than others to the health effects of climate change. These include children
Effects of climate change on human health
Effects_of_climate_change_on_human_health
Country in Southeast Asia and Oceania
"Climate Risk Profile: Indonesia (2021)". World Bank Group and Asian Development Bank, 2021, p. 2. Mercogliano, Reder & Ellena 2021, p. 15. "Climate Risk
Indonesia
State of South Sudan
2022-10-01. "Juba climate: Weather Juba & temperature by month". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 17 August 2026. "Juba, South Sudan Köppen Climate Classification"
Central_Equatoria
Event resulting in major damage, destruction or death
cascading events to see how risks and impacts can amplify and spread. This is particularly important given the increase in climate risks. Some researchers distinguish
Disaster
British civil engineer and academic
Earth Systems Engineering at Newcastle University. His work focuses on climate risk, infrastructure resilience, and water security. Dawson holds a Master
Richard_J._Dawson
Meteorological event
weather warning system, with cities being encouraged to draw up their own "climate risk" plans. Policies are being changed from municipal down to the corporate
2026–2027_El_Niño_event
Environmental aspect of geopolitics
security. Climate security often refers to the national and international security risks induced, directly or indirectly, by changes in climate patterns
Climate_security
Risk of plant or animal species becoming extinct due to climate change
"Uncertainty in predictions of extinction risk/Effects of changes in climate and land use/Climate change and extinction risk (reply)". Nature. 430 (6995): 34.
Extinction risk from climate change
Extinction_risk_from_climate_change
Insurance against damage to buildings while they are under construction
Builder's risk insurance (Contractor's All Risk insurance – CAR insurance) is a type of property insurance which indemnifies against damage to buildings
Builder's_risk_insurance
Effects of climate change on insurance markets in the United States
The effects of climate change on extreme weather events is requiring the insurance industry in the United States to recalculate risk assessments for various
Climate change and insurance in the United States
Climate_change_and_insurance_in_the_United_States
Type of adverse event
Human choices in architecture, fire risk, and resource management can cause or worsen natural disasters. Climate change also affects how often disasters
Natural_disaster
International climate policy goal
warming, which dates from the Copenhagen Conference in 2009. Physical climate risk scenarios, which often project to the end of the century, 2100, use the
2_degree_climate_target
2015 international treaty regarding climate change
reduce the risks and impacts of climate change; (b) Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience
Paris_Agreement
US federal executive's anti-pollution measures
socioeconomic impacts from climate change and chronic climate risks were important for CRM; that insurance performs a crucial role in climate risk mitigation for
Environmental policy of the Biden administration
Environmental_policy_of_the_Biden_administration
Emissions, effects and responses of Bangladesh related to climate change
2020 edition of Germanwatch's Climate Risk Index, it ranked seventh in the list of countries most affected by climate calamities during the period 1999–2018
Climate_change_in_Bangladesh
U.S. nonprofit organization
the United Nations Foundation convened the seventh Investor Summit on Climate Risk at the United Nations in New York, attended by more than 110 institutional
Ceres_(organization)
Insurance purchased by an insurance company
Reinsurance is a form of insurance contract which protects insurance firms from risks relating to the policies they underwrite. Reinsurance firms contract with
Reinsurance
levels are rising and these changes increase the risk of heatwaves, floods, droughts, and fires. Climate change and its interactions with other stressors
Climate_change_in_Botswana
American lawyer and government official
integrity, risk management, and financial stability. He became well known for his advocacy on addressing climate-related financial risks in derivatives
Rostin_Behnam
Computer system operated by BlackRock Solutions
implement it. Aladdin Climate — launched in 2020, a climate risk analytics module that measures both physical climate risk and transition risk to a low-carbon
Aladdin_(BlackRock)
Study of the effects of climate change on children
climate change-related threats. Nearly every child in the world is at risk from climate change and pollution, while almost half are at extreme risk.
Climate_change_and_children
Robert (7 June 2023). "Ghana Climate Change Report" (PDF). USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. Retrieved 25 May 2024. "Climate Risk Profile: Ghana". USAID.
Climate_of_Ghana
Suspension of contractual obligations during extreme circumstances
fundamentally, be at the risk of that other party. For example, in a coal-supply agreement, the mining company may seek to have "geological risk" included as a
Force_majeure
These effects of climate change can also increase the risk of several regions suffering simultaneous crop failures. Currently this risk is rare but if these
Effects of climate change on agriculture
Effects_of_climate_change_on_agriculture
American writer
urban planner, non-profit advisor, and leader in the "green jobs" and climate risk movement. In 2021, she became Senior Advisor to Energy Secretary Jennifer
Kate_Gordon_(energy_analyst)
Insurance that agrees to pay out upon a triggering event
catastrophe risk insurance from PCRIC – a regional catastrophe insurance platform that offers governments insurance cover against climate and seismic
Parametric_insurance
Analyst of business risk and uncertainty
mathematical skills who deals with the measurement and management of risk and uncertainty. These risks can affect both sides of the balance sheet and require asset
Actuary
Climatic and oceanographic cycle affecting Southeast Asia, Australia and Africa
another in 2006. The IOD is one aspect of the general cycle of global climate, interacting with similar phenomena like the El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Indian_Ocean_Dipole
Form of adaptive capacity for a socio-ecological system
vulnerability to risks from, and adapt to changing patterns in, climate hazards and variability. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report considers climate resilience
Climate_resilience
Lack of quantifiable knowledge in economics
about some possible occurrence, as opposed to the presence of quantifiable risk (e.g., that in statistical noise or a parameter's confidence interval). The
Knightian_uncertainty
The scientific community has been investigating the causes of current climate change for decades. After thousands of studies, the scientific consensus
Causes_of_climate_change
American scientist researching climate change
consensus on climate change, the physiology of tree and forest drought responses, climate change impacts on pollen seasons, and climate risks to forests
William_Anderegg
Insurance risk management sharing liability
A risk pool is a form of risk management that is mostly practiced by insurance companies, which come together to form a pool to provide protection to
Risk_pool
Scientific intergovernmental body
"Principles Governing IPCC Work". These state that the IPCC will assess: the risk of climate change caused by human activities, its potential impacts, and possible
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change
Type of investment in the context of climate action
with public policy primarily serving to reduce risk and improve investment incentives. Public climate policies such as tax credits, loan guarantees, and
Climate_finance
Climate change scenarios
(SSPs) are climate change scenarios of projected socioeconomic global changes up to 2100 as defined in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report on climate change
Shared_Socioeconomic_Pathways
Large-scale methods to reflect sunlight and cool Earth
in the literature that for addressing climate change risks, SRM cannot be the main policy response to climate change and is, at best, a supplement to
Solar_radiation_modification
Simultaneous disruption of key food-growing regions
primarily due to acute climate events. This phenomenon has gained increasing attention[clarification needed] in climate risk assessment and food security
Multiple_breadbasket_failure
Goal of water management to harness water-related opportunities and manage risks
and future changes due to the effects of climate change. Decision makers may assess water security risks at varied levels. These range from the household
Water_security
the 2013 edition of Germanwatch's Climate Risk Index, North Korea was judged to be the seventh hardest hit by climate-related extreme weather events of
Geography_of_North_Korea
Financial practice supporting a contract's value
guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may
Underwriting
End of the human species
Cirkovic (2011), pp. 238–262. Frame, David; Allen, Myles R. "13: Climate change and global risk". In Bostrom & Cirkovic (2011), pp. 265–286. Kilbourne, Edwin
Human_extinction
Information technology risk insurance
insurance is a specialty insurance product that protects businesses from risks relating to information technology infrastructure and activities. Because
Cyber_insurance
US Climate Change organization
analysis and advisory firm that measured the physical and societal risks of climate change. The company was headquartered in Berkeley. In 2019, Moody's
Four_Twenty_Seven
Sustainability activist
climate change. He has created or led several organizations, including Ceres, the Global Reporting Initiative, the Investor Network on Climate Risk,
Bob_Massie_(activist)
Academic sub-field of risk management
catastrophic risk. For example, the impacts of climate change and climate risk effect every part of society, so communicating that risk is an important climate communication
Risk_communication
System for early identification of hazards
rise, due to climate change, the UN has recommended early warning systems as key elements of climate change adaptation and climate risk management. Flooding
Early_warning_system
Insurance that pays benefits upon the policyholder's death
event is not clearly defined, for example, the insured knowingly incurred a risk by consenting to an experimental medical procedure or by taking medication
Life_insurance
Beyond physical risks, floods have severe long-lasting mental health consequences, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Climate change also facilitates
Effects of climate change on health in the United Kingdom
Effects_of_climate_change_on_health_in_the_United_Kingdom
chance of disasters Effects of climate change on humans Gamma-ray burst Emergency management Civil defence Disaster risk reduction Environmental disaster
List of countries by natural disaster risk
List_of_countries_by_natural_disaster_risk
Carbon-oxygen gas
of these increased CO2 concentrations, which are the primary cause of climate change. Its concentration in Earth's pre-industrial atmosphere since late
Carbon_dioxide
Climate risk disclosure framework
on Climate Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provides information to investors about what companies are doing to mitigate the risks of climate change
Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures
Task_Force_on_Climate-related_Financial_Disclosures
Type of climate
climate (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen and Trewartha as Cs, is a temperate climate type
Mediterranean_climate
Actions to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions to limit climate change
Catastrophic Risk". Frontiers in Climate. 3 720312. Bibcode:2021FrCli...3.0312T. doi:10.3389/fclim.2021.720312. Obersteiner, M. (2001). "Managing Climate Risk" (PDF)
Climate_change_mitigation
imperative to leave a safe climate to our children and future generations. But the current mitigation pathway carries the risk that climatic conditions
Climate_restoration
Dissemination of climate data
usable and accessible formats. They aim to support climate change adaptation, mitigation and risk management decisions. There is a vast range of practices
Climate_information_services
Climate-related loss of heritage sites
category of threat.[citation needed] Sites at risk of loss or damage due to climate change are often also at risk from other social and political factors,
Cultural heritage at risk from climate change
Cultural_heritage_at_risk_from_climate_change
Open source climate risk monitoring software
Real-time Impact and Situation Monitoring (PRISM) is an open source climate risk monitoring platform managed by the World Food Programme (WFP). It has
Platform for Real-time Impact and Situation Monitoring
Platform_for_Real-time_Impact_and_Situation_Monitoring
Estimation of risk associated with exposure to a given set of hazards
3390/w11051018. Tiepolo M (2018). "Multihazard Risk Assessment for Planning with Climate in the Dosso Region, Niger". Climate. 6 (67): 67. Bibcode:2018Clim....6.
Risk_assessment
County in Kenya
DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2013)" (PDF). MoALF. 2016. Climate Risk Profile for Kwale County. Kenya County Climate Risk Profile Series. The Ministry of Agriculture
Kwale_County
Bond credits rating business of Moody's Corporation
analyze debt securities. Moody's purchased a controlling share in the "climate risk data firm" Four Twenty Seven in 2019. According to Moody's, the purpose
Moody's_Ratings
Situations involving imperfect or unknown information
theory, statistics and other quantitative fields have defined uncertainty, risk, and their measurement as: The lack of certainty, a state of limited knowledge
Uncertainty
Unusual, severe or unseasonal weather
cyclones are hard to forecast and therefore pose additional risk to coastal communities. Climate change has led to an increase in the frequency and/or intensity
Extreme_weather
Country in Central Asia
in areas classified as very high climate‑risk (p. 11). The country has made progress in the agricultural sector, risk management, and adaptation and resilience
Uzbekistan
Insurance that protects against most risks to property
Property insurance provides protection against most risks to property, such as fire, theft and some weather damage. This includes specialized forms of
Property_insurance
Atmospheric phenomenon
Andersen, S. O.; Ramanathan, V.; Kaniaru, D. (2009). "Reducing abrupt climate change risk using the Montreal Protocol and other regulatory actions to complement
Ozone_depletion
Impact of global warming on Turkey, mitigation of and adaptation to it
reliable studies on climate change' Turkey at the Global Climate Action portal Climate Change Knowledge Portal from World Bank Climate risk atlas from G20
Climate_change_in_Turkey
2009 controversy
locations several weeks before the Copenhagen Summit on climate change. The story was first broken by climate change denialists, who argued that the emails showed
Climatic Research Unit email controversy
Climatic_Research_Unit_email_controversy
Contract between the insurer and the insured
type of risk (where risks were defined extremely narrowly), and a separate premium was calculated and charged for each. Only those individual risks expressly
Insurance_policy
Diplomatic summit resulting in the Paris Agreement
The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21 or CMP 11 was held in Paris, France, from 30 November to 12 December 2015. It was the 21st yearly
2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2015_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference
Being insured for some risks but not for others
Underinsured refers to various degrees of being insured for some real risks and uninsured for others, at the same time. Johns Hopkins University professor
Underinsured
Uncontrolled fire in forests or open spaces
forests could face additional risk under climate change due if the amount of lightning increases as expected. Climate variability including heat waves
Wildfire
Research initiative by the US government
communicating scientific knowledge of the impacts, risks, and vulnerabilities associated with a changing global climate in support of decision-making across the
National_Climate_Assessment
("risk hedging" in a volatile and uncertain environment, and seeking "resilient, decentralized, and clean energy systems"), rather pursuing climate change
2025_in_climate_change
Climatic effect causing a planet's atmosphere to trap heat and prevent cooling
planet. This likely happened in the early history of Venus. A 2012 study on climate change indicated that "Earth presently absorbs around 240 W m−2 of solar
Runaway_greenhouse_effect
Discussion of scenarios for a collapse of civilization due to climate change
Climate change and civilizational collapse refers to a hypothetical risk that the negative impacts of climate change might reduce global socioeconomic
Climate change and civilizational collapse
Climate_change_and_civilizational_collapse
Persons fleeing from climate change effects
risk of relocation or job loss due to climate change. If communities cannot adapt adequately, migration might emerge as the primary response. Climate
Climate_migration
Emissions, impacts and responses of Mauritius related to climate change
of Mauritius "Climate Change in Mauritius | Tunley Environmental". www.tunley-environmental.com. Retrieved 15 October 2025. CLIMATE RISK COUNTRY PROFILE
Climate_change_in_Mauritius
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