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Atmospheric phenomenon
Ozone depletion in the stratosphere (the ozone layer) consists of two related phenomena observed since the late 1970s: a lowered total amount of ozone
Ozone_depletion
1987 treaty to protect the ozone layer
out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. It was agreed on 16 September 1987, and was entered into force on
Montreal_Protocol
Relative amount of degradation to the ozone layer a compound causes
The ozone depletion potential (ODP) of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation to the ozone layer it can cause, with trichlorofluoromethane
Ozone_depletion_potential
Region of the stratosphere
announced that the global depletion of the ozone layer might be slowing because of the international regulation of ozone-depleting substances. In a study
Ozone_layer
Tropospheric ozone depletion events are phenomena that reduce the concentration of ozone in the Earth's lower atmosphere. Ozone (O3) is a trace gas which
Tropospheric ozone depletion events
Tropospheric_ozone_depletion_events
The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion is a sequence of reports sponsored by WMO/UNEP. The most recent report is from 2018. The reports were set
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion
Scientific_Assessment_of_Ozone_Depletion
Impact of human life on Earth and environment
ozone hole. There are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events in addition to these stratospheric events. The main causes of ozone depletion
Human impact on the environment
Human_impact_on_the_environment
Hypothetical climatic effect of nuclear war
capable of catalytically breaking down the ozone present in this part of the atmosphere. Ozone depletion would allow a much greater intensity of harmful
Nuclear_winter
Ozone depletion and climate change are environmental challenges whose connections have been explored and which have been compared and contrasted, for
Ozone depletion and climate change
Ozone_depletion_and_climate_change
Earth's southernmost continent
remoteness, human activity has a significant effect on it via pollution, ozone depletion, and climate change. The melting of the potentially unstable West Antarctic
Antarctica
Mexican chemist (1943–2020)
recognize that CFCs could destroy Earth's protective ozone layer. They developed their theory of ozone depletion, which later influenced the mass public to reduce
Mario_Molina
Persistent cold-core low-pressure area that circles one of the poles
change. Ozone depletion occurs most heavily within the polar vortices – particularly over the Southern Hemisphere – reaching a maximum depletion in the
Polar_vortex
Class of organic compounds
Air Act to address stratospheric ozone depletion. By 1987, in response to a dramatic seasonal depletion of the ozone layer over Antarctica, diplomats
Chlorofluorocarbon
Working fluid in a refrigeration cycle
non-flammable. For environmental protection, the refrigerant should have no ozone depletion potential and a very low global warming potential. Refrigerants that
Refrigerant
Triatomic oxygen molecule
Lightning Nitrogen oxides Ozone depletion, including the phenomenon known as the ozone hole. Ozone monitor Ozone monitoring instrument Ozone therapy Ozoneweb Ozonide
Ozone
Constituent gas of the troposphere
in a relative rise in ozone depletion in the polar region, as well as an increase in the frequency of ozone holes. Ozone depletion, on the other hand, is
Ground-level_ozone
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up depletion or deplete in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Depletion may refer to: Resource depletion, decline of resources Gas depletion, decline
Depletion
Human-caused changes to climate on Earth
often confused climate change with other environmental issues like ozone depletion. In popular culture, the climate fiction movie The Day After Tomorrow
Climate_change
Commemoration of the Montreal Protocol
dates Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion "World Ozone Day 2021: Theme, Impact, Quotes, History, Ozone Depletion". SA News Channel. 2021-09-16. Retrieved
International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer
International_Day_for_the_Preservation_of_the_Ozone_Layer
Clouds occurring in the stratosphere in high-latitude regions
polar ozone depletion. The effects on ozone depletion arise because they support chemical reactions that produce active chlorine which catalyzes ozone destruction
Polar_stratospheric_cloud
caused an ozone depletion of up to 92%. It lasted for 15 days and the ozone layer was fully restored a couple of days afterwards. EEP ozone depletion studies
Electron_precipitation
Limits to safe impact on the Earth ecology
boundaries are climate change, ocean acidification, stratospheric ozone depletion, biogeochemical flows in the nitrogen cycle, excess global freshwater
Planetary_boundaries
atmosphere) and their efficiency in contributing to stratospheric ozone depletion (ozone depletion potential, ODP), and by making assumptions on transport times
Equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine
Equivalent_effective_stratospheric_chlorine
Burning of the skin by the sun's radiation
increase to the average UV intensity at the Earth's surface. Ozone depletion and the seasonal "ozone hole" have led to much larger changes in some locations
Sunburn
Mass extinction at the end of the Devonian
Devonian–Carboniferous boundary. This could implicate increased UV-B radiation and ozone depletion as the kill mechanism, at least for terrestrial organisms. Intense
Hangenberg_event
Environmental protocol
the ozone layer; however, it does not include legally binding reduction goals for the use of CFCs, the main chemical agents causing ozone depletion. The
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
Vienna_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_the_Ozone_Layer
Biogeochemical cycle
- has greatly increased the concentration of Cl and Br, leading to ozone depletion. Each Cl or Br atom can catalyze tens of thousands of decomposition
Ozone–oxygen_cycle
Chemical propellant and refrigerant
Montreal Protocol in developed countries in 2020 due to the compound's ozone depletion potential (ODP) and high global warming potential (GWP), and in developing
Chlorodifluoromethane
American broadsheet newspaper
cast doubt on the scientific consensus on the causes of ozone depletion (which had led to the "ozone hole"). It published columns disputing the science as
The_Washington_Times
Registered trade name for halocarbon products
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), both of which cause ozone depletion (although the latter much less so) and contribute to global warming
Freon
Stratospheric ozone science: To elucidate the geographical extent of, and mechanisms responsible for, ozone depletion in the "ozone hole" region and
Odin-OSIRIS
Chemical compound
production, consumption, and trade of ozone-depleting substances (ODS). Dibromotetrafluoroethane's high ozone-depleting potential (ODP) caused it to be identified
Dibromotetrafluoroethane
Chemical compound
family of man-made compounds that contribute significantly to both ozone depletion and global warming when released into the environment. 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane
1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane
Refrigerant fluid
only fluorine) does not contribute to ozone depletion and therefore became more widely used as ozone-depleting refrigerants like R-22 were phased out
R-410A
Mass extinction ending the Triassic period
carbonate platforms induced by marine regression. Research on the role of ozone shield deterioration during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction has suggested
Triassic–Jurassic_extinction
Chemical compound
lifetimes of less than 0.5 year, VSLSs can contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion, particularly if emitted in regions where rapid transport to the stratosphere
Dichloromethane
2-c-C4F6Cl2, R-316c) a Potent Ozone Depleting Substance and Greenhouse Gas: Atmospheric Loss Processes, Lifetimes, and Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Potentials
List_of_refrigerants
Chemical compound
but HCFCs still have a significant ozone-depletion ability. As of year 2020, HCFC's are replaced by non ozone depleting HFCs within many applications. In
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane
Greenhouse gases emitted from human activities
motivated by CFCs' contribution to ozone depletion rather than by their contribution to global warming. Ozone depletion has only a minor role in greenhouse
Greenhouse_gas_emissions
Chemical compound
since 1 January 1996 under the Montreal Protocol because of its high ozone depletion potential and very long lifetime when released into the environment
Chloropentafluoroethane
international conference on ozone layer depletion. It was held in Vienna, Austria in 1985 when a hole in the stratospheric ozone layer was observed in the
Vienna_Conference_(1985)
Chemical compound
"1:Update on Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) and Other Gases of Interest to the Montreal Protocol". Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2018 (PDF)
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Carbon compound
PMID 18441786. Fraser P. (1997). "Chemistry of stratospheric ozone and ozone depletion". Australian Meteorological Magazine. 46 (3): 185–193. Evans WF
Carbon_tetrachloride
Product used for dusting devices
of CO2. Gas dusters sold in many countries are ozone safe as they use "zero ODP" (zero ozone depletion potential) gases. For example, tetrafluoroethane
Gas_duster
Earth's most severe extinction event
Elkins-Tanton, Linda T.; Kiehl, Jeffrey T. (1 January 2014). "Acid rain and ozone depletion from pulsed Siberian Traps magmatism". Geology. 42 (1): 67–70. Bibcode:2014Geo
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Measurement of strength of sunburn-producing ultraviolet (UV) radiation
areas with ice/water reflectivity and areas with above-average ozone layer depletion. While the UV index can be calculated from a direct measurement
Ultraviolet_index
Mixture used as a refrigerant
R-22 can lead to ozone depletion. As the components in R-407C lack chlorine, it does not contribute significantly to ozone depletion in the stratosphere
R-407C
American geophysicist
Since 2009 Ward has been arguing that climate change is caused by ozone depletion and not human-derived CO2 emissions, a hypothesis that is not supported
Peter_Langdon_Ward
Uranium with lower content of U235
but will be lower in depleted uranium in accordance with the degree of depletion. [citation needed] About 95% of the depleted uranium produced until
Depleted_uranium
Ozone-depleting substances in Earth's stratosphere
to the destruction of the ozone layer. In previous decades it was believed that the most significant factor in ozone depletion was the increase in chlorofluorocarbons
Very_short-lived_substances
Term for nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide
less severely to air pollution, notwithstanding its involvement in ozone depletion and high global warming potential. NOy is the class of compounds comprising
NOx
Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Ozone Secretariat) from 1991 to 2000
K._Madhava_Sarma
International agreement (2016) to reduce the use of hydrofluorocarbons
restore the ozone layer; participating countries agreed to phase out chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), gases that had been causing ozone depletion. HFCs do not
Kigali_Amendment
the key issues include: climate change; contamination and pollution; ozone depletion; conservation; invasive species; land degradation; waterway health;
Environmental issues in Australia
Environmental_issues_in_Australia
Presence of dangerous substances in the air
turn reacts with ozone, destroying it. As the ozone layer blocks harmful UV radiation from reaching the Earth's surface, its depletion leads to health
Air_pollution
Gas layer surrounding Earth
(mainly through deforestation and fossil-fuel–related global warming), ozone depletion and acid deposition. The atmosphere has a mass of about 5.15×1018 kg
Atmosphere_of_Earth
HFC, hydrofluoroalkane refrigerant
properties similar to R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) but with insignificant ozone depletion potential and a lower 100-year global warming potential (1,430, compared
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane
Colorless gas with the formula NO
acid rain deposition. •NO participates in ozone layer depletion. Nitric oxide reacts with stratospheric ozone to form O2 and nitrogen dioxide: •NO + O3
Nitric_oxide
Biogeochemical cycle of bromine
impacting each sphere as bromine is stored, released, or taken up. Ozone depletion and health hazards to humans, animals, and plants are effects of bromine
Bromine_cycle
Chemical compound
primary component of the Halotron I fire-extinguishing mixture. Its ozone depletion potential is ODP = 0.012, and global warming potential is GWP = 76
2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane
2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane
Chemical compound
refrigerant. When released into the environment, CFC-13 has a high ozone depletion potential, and long atmospheric lifetime. Only a few other greenhouse
Chlorotrifluoromethane
very important to the ozone layer. One of the most important null cycles takes place in the stratosphere, with the photolysis of ozone by ultraviolet photons
Null_cycle
Objects intentionally placed into orbit
the ozone layer and pollutants emitted from rockets can contribute to ozone depletion in a number of ways. Radicals such as NOx, HOx, and ClOx deplete stratospheric
Satellite
high global warming potential of CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs, as well as the ozone depletion potential of CFC and HCFCs. Extruded polystyrene, also known as XPS
Rigid_panel
Chemical compound
Bronwyn L.; Derek, Nada; Fraser, Paul J.; Krummel, Paul B. (June 2021). "Australian and Global Emissions of Ozone Depleting Substances" (PDF). CSIRO.
Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane
Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane
the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites in the 1990s to monitor ozone depletion. The first comprehensive worldwide measurements were obtained in 1978
NASA_research
American astronomer
Subcommittee on Energy and Environment that CFCs were not responsible for ozone depletion. An article written by Baliunas and Soon in 2000 for the Heartland
Sallie_Baliunas
Group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens
to ozone depletion. Methyl bromide is a controversial fumigant. Only haloalkanes that contain chlorine, bromine, and iodine are a threat to the ozone layer
Haloalkane
Chemical compound of sulfur and oxygen
stratosphere can contribute to ozone depletion in the presence of chlorofluorocarbons and other halogenated ozone-depleting substances. The effects of volcanic
Sulfur_dioxide
ESA Earth observation satellite (2002–2012)
from the sensors on the satellite to study atmospheric chemistry, ozone depletion, biological oceanography, ocean temperature and colour, wind waves
Envisat
Study of chemical compounds containing fluorine-carbon bonds
organofluorine compounds are pollutants because of their contributions to ozone depletion, global warming, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. The area of organofluorine
Organofluorine_chemistry
Active fire protection device
Montreal Protocol, as of January 1, 1994, as its properties contribute to ozone depletion and long atmospheric lifetime, usually 400 years. Halon may be recycled
Fire_extinguisher
the change. Global warming is not caused by the hole in the ozone layer. Ozone depletion is a separate problem caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which
List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics
List_of_common_misconceptions_about_science,_technology,_and_mathematics
Chemical compound
plays an important role in the process of ozone depletion. In the stratosphere, chlorine atoms react with ozone molecules to form chlorine monoxide and
Chlorine_monoxide
Chlorofluorocarbon
Climate Change's list of ozone depleting chemicals, and is classified as a Montreal Protocol Class I, group 1 ozone depleting substance. When used as a
1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
Class of chemical compounds
known as alkenes. HFO refrigerants are categorized as having zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and low global warming potential (GWP) and so offer
Hydrofluoroolefin
Chemical element with atomic number 35 (Br)
regulated as ozone depletion agents. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer scheduled the phase out for the ozone depleting chemical
Bromine
Solvent, now banned for ozone depletion
solvents in the laboratory. Phase-out of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane due to ozone depletion lead to a resurgence of the use of trichloroethylene in metal degreasing
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
American chemist and engineer (1889–1944)
of "The 50 Worst Inventions". Midgley died three decades before the ozone-depleting and greenhouse gas effects of CFCs in the atmosphere became widely
Thomas_Midgley_Jr.
Organic molecule of anthropogenic origin implicated in ozone depletion
Witrant, Emmanuel; Sturges, William T. (9 March 2014). "Newly detected ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere" (PDF). Nature Geoscience. 7 (4): 266–269
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane
General anaesthetic
is not available in the United States. Halothane may contribute to ozone depletion. It is a potent anesthetic with a minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)
Halothane
Chemical compound
effective agents such as halon 1211 and 1301 were developed. Due to its ozone depletion potential its production was banned from January 1, 2002, at the Eleventh
Bromochloromethane
List of environmental and other issues affecting life on Earth
extinction Ocean acidification Ozone depletion Pollution Waste and waste disposal Water pollution Air pollution Resource depletion Urban sprawl Politics portal
List_of_global_issues
Chemical compound
fire extinguishers, however, it is also very toxic. It is a class I ozone depleting substance (ODS). A known use for dibromodifluoromethane is in the synthesis
Dibromodifluoromethane
The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) was a NASA satellite instrument, specifically a spectrometer, for measuring the ozone layer. Of the five TOMS
Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
Total_Ozone_Mapping_Spectrometer
Branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the atmosphere is studied
assessments. Oxygen cycle Ozone-oxygen cycle Paleoclimatology Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion Tropospheric ozone depletion events Cairns, Iver (23
Atmospheric_chemistry
Chemical element with atomic number 17 (Cl)
organic molecules such as chlorofluorocarbons have been implicated in ozone depletion. Small quantities of elemental chlorine are generated by oxidation
Chlorine
Canadian businessman
on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol) that has phased out the chemicals that deplete the stratospheric ozone that protects the
Stephen_O._Andersen
Instruments to measure ozone distribution
Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), is a suite of instruments built by Ball Aerospace that measure the global distribution of ozone and, less frequently
Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite
Ozone_Mapping_and_Profiler_Suite
Marine biology professor
particularly in relation to the ecological implications of Antarctic ozone depletion. Karentz grew up in Millis, Massachusetts, the daughter of Rose and
Deneb_Karentz
Chemical compound
extinguisher, USA, 2015. Bromochlorofluoromethane Bromotrifluoromethane Ozone depletion potential Dagani, M. J.; Barda, H. J.; Benya, T. J.; Sanders, D. C
Bromochlorodifluoromethane
Layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere
later in the laboratory. Le Grand Saut Lockheed U-2 Overshooting top Ozone depletion Batterie Pommern (the first projectile to reach the lower stratosphere)
Stratosphere
American materials company
should they be proven to be harmful to the ozone layer. However, after the discovery of grave ozone depletion in 1986, DuPont, as a member of the industry
DuPont
Applies an electric current to heat or cool materials
such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), contributed significantly to ozone depletion. Many refrigerants used today also have significant environmental impact
Thermoelectric_heat_pump
Volatile organic compounds exempt from regular restrictions
carbonate. The definition is often that they do not contribute to ozone or ozone depletion. In the US, dimethyl carbonate was exempted under the definition
VOC_exempt_solvent
Chemical compound
refrigerant. Due to its role in ozone depletion, dichlorofluoromethane has been largely phased out. It has ozone depletion potential 0.04. Production and
Dichlorofluoromethane
Unintended escape of gas from a pipeline or other containment
especially harmful, because of their global warming potential and ozone depletion potential. Leaks of gases associated with industrial operations and
Gas_leak
Chemical compound
1-Chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, C2HClF4, is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon used as a component in refrigerants offered as replacements for chlorofluorocarbons
1-Chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
1-Chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
American chemist (1927–2012)
best-known work was the discovery that chlorofluorocarbons contribute to ozone depletion. Born in Delaware, Ohio, Rowland received a majority of his education
F._Sherwood_Rowland
Unwanted material discarded by humans
dimming Global distillation Indoor air quality Non-exhaust emissions Ozone depletion Particulate matter Persistent organic pollutant Smog Soot Volatile
Garbage
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