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Theory in computer science
Computation tree logic (CTL) is a branching-time logic, meaning that its model of time is a tree-like structure in which the future is not determined;
Computation_tree_logic
Fair computational tree logic is conventional computational tree logic studied with explicit fairness constraints. This declares conditions such as all
Fair_computational_tree_logic
American computer scientist (1954–2024)
hardware. His contributions to temporal logic and modal logic include the introduction of computation tree logic (CTL) and its extension CTL*, which are
E._Allen_Emerson
Type of temporal logic
logic, or ATL, is a branching-time temporal logic that extends computation tree logic (CTL) to multiple players. ATL naturally describes computations
Alternating-time temporal logic
Alternating-time_temporal_logic
a computation tree is a representation for the computation steps of a non-deterministic Turing machine on a specified input. A computation tree is a
Computation_tree
System for representing and reasoning about time
of positional logic Linear temporal logic (LTL) temporal logic without branching timelines Computation tree logic (CTL) temporal logic with branching
Temporal_logic
Modal temporal logic with modalities referring to time
monadic first-order logic of order, FO[<]—a result known as Kamp's theorem— or equivalently to star-free languages. Computation tree logic (CTL) and linear
Linear_temporal_logic
Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic (PCTL) is an extension of computation tree logic (CTL) that allows for probabilistic quantification of described
Probabilistic_CTL
(so-called Markov reward models). CTL: Computation Tree Logic; a branching-time logic, meaning that its model of time is a tree-like structure in which the future
List_of_model_checking_tools
Type of formal logic
temporal logic include propositional dynamic logic (PDL), (propositional) linear temporal logic (LTL), computation tree logic (CTL), Hennessy–Milner logic, and
Modal_logic
Executing several computations during overlapping time periods
temporal logic can be used to help reason about concurrent systems. Some of these logics, such as linear temporal logic and computation tree logic, allow
Concurrent_computing
Topics referred to by the same term
manufacturer of Chromebooks Certificate Transparency Logs Computation tree logic, a temporal logic Control key, a computer keyboard key CTL timecode, a timecode
CTL
\supseteq } real Abstract interpretation Automated theorem proving Computation tree logic Formal verification List of model checking tools Program analysis
Abstract_model_checking
Mathematical model describing how an output of a function is computed given an input
Turing machines Decision tree model External memory model Functional models include: Abstract rewriting systems Combinatory logic General recursive functions
Model_of_computation
Transition system
Temporal logic Model checking Kripke semantics Linear temporal logic Computation tree logic Kripke, Saul, 1963, "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic," Acta
Kripke structure (model checking)
Kripke_structure_(model_checking)
Reimplementation and extension of SMV model checker
supports the analysis of specifications expressed in computation tree logic (CTL) and linear temporal logic (LTL). It can be run in batch mode, or interactively
NuSMV
Computer science field
diagram Büchi automaton Computation tree logic Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement Formal verification Linear temporal logic List of model checking
Model_checking
Overview of and topical guide to algorithms
sequence of instructions or rules for solving a problem or performing a computation. Algorithms are central to computer science, mathematics, operations
Outline_of_algorithms
Computer science textbook
counterexamples. The fifth and sixth chapters explore linear temporal logic (LTL) and computation tree logic (CTL), two classes of formula that express properties. LTL
Principles_of_Model_Checking
Branching-time logic that is a superset of LTL and CTL
CTL* is a superset of computational tree logic (CTL) and linear temporal logic (LTL). It freely combines path quantifiers and temporal operators. Like
CTL*
Tree in formal language theory
parse tree itself is used primarily in computational linguistics; in theoretical syntax, the term syntax tree is more common. Concrete syntax trees reflect
Parse_tree
Logical problem studied in computer science
reachability, collision detection for convex hulls, minimum cuts, and computation tree logic. Every Datalog program can be interpreted as a monotonic theory
Satisfiability modulo theories
Satisfiability_modulo_theories
telephony integration CTFE—Compile-time function execution CTL—Computation tree logic CTM—Close To Metal CTR—Counter mode CTS—Clear to send CTSS—Compatible
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Complexity class
problem for CTL+ (computation tree logic) is 2-EXPTIME-complete. The satisfiability problem of ATL* (alternating-time temporal logic) is 2-EXPTIME-complete
2-EXPTIME
American computer scientist and author
theorem prover. Miller is most known for his research on topics in computational logic, including proof theory, automated reasoning, and formalized meta-theory
Dale_Miller_(academic)
Formal specification language
processes Alloy (specification language) B-Method Computation tree logic PlusCal Temporal logic Temporal logic of actions Z notation Lamport, Leslie (January
TLA+
Study of correct reasoning
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical
Logic
Static code analysis tool
specific language for abstract syntax tree linting, based on ideas from model checking for computation tree logic. Infer is mostly written in the OCaml
Infer_Static_Analyzer
'finally') operator found in linear temporal/computation tree logic (branching time logic)(modal logic). So-called branching bisimulation has to be used
Stuttering_equivalence
Principle in AI development
pre-LLM models it was often complemented with techniques using computation tree logic. Another common method is theorem proving. Formal verification provides
Agent_verification
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
rules: memory stores bits, while logic elements transform one configuration of bits into another. This computational behavior is not tied to electronics
Quantum_computing
Proving or disproving the correctness of certain intended algorithms
logics, such as linear temporal logic (LTL), Property Specification Language (PSL), SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA),[citation needed] or computational
Formal_verification
Programming paradigm based on formal logic
problem domain. Computation is performed by applying logical reasoning to that knowledge, to solve problems in the domain. Major logic programming language
Logic_programming
System of resource-aware logic
Linear logic is a substructural logic proposed by French logician Jean-Yves Girard as a refinement of classical and intuitionistic logic, joining the
Linear_logic
System for reasoning about vagueness
Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth value of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. It is employed to handle the concept
Fuzzy_logic
Sequence of operations for a task
abstract-state machines capture sequential algorithms". ACM Transactions on Computational Logic. 1 (1): 77–111. doi:10.1145/343369.343384. Moschovakis, Yiannis N
Algorithm
Relationship between programs and proofs
Curry and the logician William Alvin Howard. It is the link between logic and computation that is usually attributed to Curry and Howard, although the idea
Curry–Howard_correspondence
Extension of propositional modal logic
temporal logics can be encoded in the μ-calculus, including CTL* and its widely used fragments—linear temporal logic and computational tree logic. An algebraic
Modal_μ-calculus
Type of logical system
first-order logic (FOL), also called predicate logic, predicate calculus, or quantificational logic, is a type of formal system. First-order logic uses quantified
First-order_logic
Form of second-order logic
In mathematical logic, monadic second-order logic (MSO) is the fragment of second-order logic where the second-order quantification is limited to quantification
Monadic_second-order_logic
Mathematical model of computation
game programming, and logic. Finite-state machines are a class of automata studied in automata theory and the theory of computation. In computer science
Finite-state_machine
Computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University
University (CMU) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His research spans computational logic, programming languages and computer security, and he has published
Iliano_Cervesato
Branch of logic
Propositional logic is a branch of classical logic. It is also called statement logic, sentential calculus, propositional calculus, sentential logic, or sometimes
Propositional_logic
Study of discrete mathematical structures
principle, and has close ties to logic, while complexity studies the time, space, and other resources taken by computations. Automata theory and formal language
Discrete_mathematics
Use of functions that call themselves
Institute for Logic, Language and Computation. McCarthy, John (1960). "Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part
Recursion_(computer_science)
Research association in computer science
Interest Group on Logic and Computation. It publishes a news magazine (SIGLOG News), and has the annual ACM–IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science
ACM_SIGLOG
Computability theory, computation Herbrand Universe Markov algorithm Lambda calculus Church–Rosser theorem Calculus of constructions Combinatory logic Post correspondence
List of mathematical logic topics
List_of_mathematical_logic_topics
Overview of and topical guide to computer science
Phylogeny. Computational neuroscience – Computational modelling of neurophysiology. Computational linguistics Computational logic – Use of logic to perform
Outline_of_computer_science
Tool for proving a logical formula
truth tree, or simply tree, is a decision procedure for sentential and related logics, and a proof procedure for formulae of first-order logic. An analytic
Method_of_analytic_tableaux
Argentine computer scientist (born 1948)
logic in computer science and artificial intelligence at National University of the South. He is co-editor of the Journal of Argument & Computation,
Guillermo_Simari
Concept in model checking (computer science)
properties. Temporal logics such as computation tree logic (CTL) can be used to specify some LT properties. All linear temporal logic (LTL) formulae are
Linear_time_property
String that certifies the answer to a computation
decision tree model of computation, certificate complexity is the minimum number of the n {\displaystyle n} input variables of a decision tree that need
Certificate_(complexity)
Subfield of artificial intelligence
constructs a neural network from an AND-OR proof tree generated from knowledge base rules and terms, and Logic Tensor Networks (LTNs). Neural[Symbolic] embeds
Neuro-symbolic_AI
Rule in logic programming
search space is an or-tree, in which different branches represent alternative computations. In the case of propositional logic programs, SLD can be generalised
SLD_resolution
Trial and error problem solvers with a metaheuristic or stochastic optimization character
Evolutionary computation (EC) from computer science is a family of algorithms for global optimization inspired by biological evolution, and a subfield
Evolutionary_computation
recursion theory, is a branch of mathematical logic, of computer science, and of the theory of computation that originated in the 1930s with the study of
Glossary_of_computer_science
Type of tree data structure
parallel search strategies for and–or trees provide a computational model for executing logic programs. And–or trees can also be used to represent the search
And–or_tree
Large language model designed for reasoning tasks
do better on logic, math, and programming tasks than standard LLMs, can revisit and revise earlier steps, make use of extra computations, and enhance
Reasoning_model
List of concepts in artificial intelligence
structure and elements of computer programs—that expresses the logic of a computation without describing its control flow. deductive classifier A type
Glossary of artificial intelligence
Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence
Simple Turing complete logic
The SKI combinator calculus is a combinatory logic system and a computational system. It can be thought of as a computer programming language, though it
SKI_combinator_calculus
Vol. 845. Dexter Kozen (1998). "Set Constraints and Logic Programming". Information and Computation. 142: 2–25. doi:10.1006/inco.1997.2694. Uribe, T.E
Set_constraint
Puzzles and Other Problems through the Nondeterministic Constraint Logic Model of Computation". arXiv:cs.CC/0205005. A. Condon, J. Feigenbaum, C. Lund, and
List of PSPACE-complete problems
List_of_PSPACE-complete_problems
Hypercomputation Real computation Computable analysis Weihrauch reducibility List of algorithm general topics List of algorithms List of mathematical logic topics –
List of computability and complexity topics
List_of_computability_and_complexity_topics
Formal semantics of logic programming languages
Logic programming is a programming paradigm that includes languages based on formal logic, including Datalog and Prolog. This article describes the syntax
Syntax and semantics of logic programming
Syntax_and_semantics_of_logic_programming
Models of computation
difficulties as other models of hypercomputation based on real computation. Certain fuzzy logic-based "fuzzy Turing machines" can, by definition, accidentally
Hypercomputation
Programming language that uses first order logic
Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving, and computational linguistics. Prolog
Prolog
Mathematical-logic system
In mathematical logic, the lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system for expressing computation based on function abstraction and
Lambda_calculus
Mathematical use of "for all" and "there exists"
Languages, and Computation. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley. p. 344. ISBN 0-201-02988-X. Hermes, Hans (1973). Introduction to Mathematical Logic. Hochschultext
Quantifier_(logic)
Methods that imitate, replicate or use natural processes
Natural computing, also called natural computation, is a terminology introduced to encompass three classes of methods: 1) those that take inspiration
Natural_computing
State machine for tree structures
A tree automaton is a type of state machine. Tree automata deal with tree structures, rather than the strings of more conventional state machines. The
Tree_automaton
a computation tree, minimized over all computation trees that implement the functional. The Kleene–Brouwer order of a well-founded computation tree is
Kleene–Brouwer_order
Number denoting a graph's closeness to a tree
(1990), "The monadic second-order logic of graphs I: Recognizable sets of finite graphs", Information and Computation, 85: 12–75, doi:10.1016/0890-5401(90)90043-h
Treewidth
Model of logic based on matrix algebra
(2005) Logic as a Vector System. Journal of Logic and Computation, 751-765 Mizraji, E. (1996) The operators of vector logic. Mathematical Logic Quarterly
Vector_logic
Sequence of words formed by specific rules
formal languages that can be parsed by machines with limited computational power. In logic and the foundations of mathematics, formal languages are used
Formal_language
Form of logic that allows quantification over predicates
In logic and mathematics, second-order logic is an extension of first-order logic, which itself is an extension of propositional logic. Second-order logic
Second-order_logic
Failure analysis system used in safety engineering and reliability engineering
determined in the functional hazard analysis. Fault tree analysis can be used to: understand the logic leading to the top event / undesired state. show compliance
Fault_tree_analysis
Comprehensive outline of core abstractions in the field of computer science
and system details, these abstractions allow for the creation of complex logic in a more approachable and manageable form. They emerge as a consensus on
List of abstractions (computer science)
List_of_abstractions_(computer_science)
Study of abstract machines and automata
theory is the study of abstract machines and automata, as well as the computational problems that can be solved using them. It is a theory in theoretical
Automata_theory
Methods in artificial intelligence research
Valiant's PAC learning, Quinlan's ID3 decision-tree learning, case-based learning, and inductive logic programming to learn relations. Neural networks
Symbolic artificial intelligence
Symbolic_artificial_intelligence
Mathematical structure
logic, an infinite-tree automaton is a state machine that deals with infinite tree structures. It can be seen as an extension of top-down finite-tree
Infinite-tree_automaton
On linear-time algorithms for graph logic
(1990), "The monadic second-order logic of graphs. I. Recognizable sets of finite graphs", Information and Computation, 85 (1): 12–75, doi:10.1016/0890-5401(90)90043-H
Courcelle's_theorem
Subfield of computer science and mathematics
foundations of computation. It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory
Theoretical_computer_science
Model of concurrent computation
mathematical model of concurrent computation that treats an actor as the basic building block of concurrent computation. In response to a message it receives
Actor_model
Mathematical theory of data types
type theories which fall under higher-order logic are used by the HOL family of provers and PVS; computational type theory is used by NuPRL; calculus of
Type_theory
Study of computable functions and Turing degrees
as recursion theory, is a branch of mathematical logic, computer science, and the theory of computation that originated in the 1930s with the study of computable
Computability_theory
Method of deriving conclusions
validate algorithms. Logic programming frameworks, such as Prolog, allow developers to represent knowledge and use computation to draw inferences and
Rule_of_inference
Cirquent Calculus and Abstract Resource Semantics". Journal of Logic and Computation. 16 (4): 489–532. arXiv:math/0506553. doi:10.1093/logcom/exl005
Cirquent_calculus
graph constraint logic", in Husfeldt, Thore; Kanj, Iyad (eds.), 10th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation, LIPIcs. Leibniz Int
Reconfiguration
Israeli computer scientist
Genomic variability within an organism exposes its cell lineage tree. PLoS computational biology, 1(5), e50. A 4D Human Atlas: Charting Human Development
Ehud_Shapiro
Concept in medical informatics
algorithm is any computation, formula, statistical survey, nomogram, or look-up table, useful in healthcare. Medical algorithms include decision tree approaches
Medical_algorithm
Array of logic gates that are reprogrammable
2008: 90,000 Contemporary FPGAs have ample logic gates and RAM blocks to implement complex digital computations. FPGAs can be used to implement any logical
Field-programmable_gate_array
Topics referred to by the same term
is analyzed using Boolean logic Game tree, a tree diagram used to find and analyze potential moves in a game Language tree, representation of a group
Tree_diagram
Field in logic and theoretical computer science
In logic and theoretical computer science, and specifically proof theory and computational complexity theory, proof complexity is the field aiming to
Proof_complexity
Decision support tool
specifying actions based on conditions Decision tree model – Model of computational complexity of computation Design rationale – Explicit listing of design
Decision_tree
by some computation c, then there exists a computation c that visits every node x on the branch. ... Clearly this premise follows not from logic but rather
Unbounded_nondeterminism
Mathematical model of plan execution
S. (2010). "Evolving Behaviour Trees for the Commercial Game DEFCON" (PDF). Applications of Evolutionary Computation. Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Behavior tree (artificial intelligence, robotics and control)
Behavior_tree_(artificial_intelligence,_robotics_and_control)
of computation. Computable topology is not to be confused with algorithmic or computational topology, which studies the application of computation to
Computable_topology
Austrian computer scientist
scientific articles in the areas of computational logic, database theory, and artificial intelligence, and one textbook on logic programming and databases. In
Georg_Gottlob
Algorithmic process of solving equations
(1991). "A Logic Programming Language with Lambda-Abstraction, Function Variables, and Simple Unification" (PDF). Journal of Logic and Computation. 1 (4):
Unification (computer science)
Unification_(computer_science)
Mathematical model for deduction or proof systems
arithmetic. Early logic systems includes Indian logic of Pāṇini, syllogistic logic of Aristotle, propositional logic of Stoicism, and Chinese logic of Gongsun
Formal_system
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