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Computer hardware and software capable of playing chess
Computer chess includes both hardware (dedicated computers) and software capable of playing chess. Computer chess provides opportunities for players to
Computer_chess
Chess-playing computer made by IBM
IBM RS/6000 SP supercomputer for chess-playing designed by computer scientist Feng-hsiung Hsu. It was the first computer to win a game, and the first to
Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)
Free and open-source chess engine
chess engines in the world for several years. It has won all main events of the Top Chess Engine Championship (TCEC) and the Chess.com Computer Chess
Stockfish_(chess)
Internet chess server
platform offers play against chess engines, computer analysis, chess puzzles, and teaching resources. According to Chess.com, they reached 250 million
Chess.com
Computer program for chess analysis and game
In computer chess, a chess engine is a computer program that analyzes chess or chess variant positions, and generates a move or list of moves that it
Chess_engine
Chess Computer
Mephisto was a line of chess computers sold by Hegener & Glaser (H+G). In addition to integrated travel and sensory computers, they also sold a line of
Mephisto_(chess_computer)
Traditional board game for two players
fields such as mathematics, computer science, and psychology. One of the goals of early computer scientists was to create a chess-playing machine. In 1997
Chess
documents the progress of significant human–computer chess matches. Chess computers were first able to beat strong chess players in the late 1980s. Their most
Human–computer_chess_matches
Computer chess competition
World Computer Chess Championship (WCCC) was an event held periodically from 1974 to 2024 where computer chess engines competed against each other. The
World Computer Chess Championship
World_Computer_Chess_Championship
2013 American film
Computer Chess is a 2013 independent comedy-drama film written and directed by Andrew Bujalski. The film premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival,
Computer_Chess_(film)
Chess playing computer
Deep Thought was a computer designed to play chess. Deep Thought was initially developed at Carnegie Mellon University and later at IBM. It was second
Deep_Thought_(chess_computer)
detector. Outline of chess § History of chess Chess in the arts Computer chess History of chess engines List of chess historians List of chess variants List
History_of_chess
Deep neural network-based chess engine
Leela Chess Zero (abbreviated as LCZero, lc0) is a free, open-source chess engine and volunteer computing project based on Google's AlphaZero engine. It
Leela_Chess_Zero
In 1912 Leonardo Torres Quevedo built the first real instance of a chess computer, an automaton named El Ajedrecista. Unlike the Mechanical Turk, El Ajedrecista
History_of_chess_engines
Finding an optimal algorithm for playing chess
Solving chess consists of finding an optimal strategy for the game of chess; that is, one by which one of the players (White or Black) can always force
Solving_chess
Unofficial World Computer Chess Championship
Top Chess Engine Championship, formerly known as Thoresen Chess Engines Competition (TCEC or nTCEC), is a computer chess tournament that has been run since
Top_Chess_Engine_Championship
Chess with computer assistance
Advanced chess is a form of chess in which each human player uses a computer chess engine to explore the possible results of candidate moves. With this
Advanced_chess
computer. Such programs are available for personal computers, video game consoles, smartphones/tablet computers or mainframes/supercomputers. A chess
List_of_chess_software
1996 and 1997 chess matches
3½–2½. The second match was the first defeat of a reigning world chess champion by a computer under tournament conditions, and was the subject of a documentary
Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov
Deep_Blue_versus_Garry_Kasparov
Multi-games event
After an eight-year hiatus, the Computer Olympiad was revived by bringing it into the Mind Sports Olympiad. The chess competition was a special event
Computer_Olympiad
Series of competitive chess games
Games. Since the 1960s, chess computers have occasionally entered human tournaments, but this is no longer common, because computers would defeat humans and
Chess_tournament
American computer scientist known for Unix (born 1943)
regular expressions and early computer text editors QED and ed, the definition of the UTF-8 encoding, and his work on computer chess that included the creation
Ken_Thompson
terms used in computer chess. For terms used in chess in general, see Glossary of chess. For terms used in chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems.
Glossary of computer chess terms
Glossary_of_computer_chess_terms
Organization that rates competitive computer chess software
Swedish Chess Computer Association (Swedish: Svenska schackdatorföreningen, SSDF) is an organization that tests computer chess software by playing chess programs
Swedish Chess Computer Association
Swedish_Chess_Computer_Association
Scottish chess player, writer, and entrepreneur (born 1945)
International Master of chess who plays for Scotland, and a businessman. He is noted for his involvement with computer chess and artificial intelligence
David_Levy_(chess_player)
Database of chess openings given to computer chess programs
used to describe the database of chess openings given to computer chess programs (and related games, such as computer shogi). Such programs are quite significantly
Chess opening book (computers)
Chess_opening_book_(computers)
Game of chess via postal system or e-mail
over-the-board chess games. In contrast, Chess.com's Daily Chess strictly prohibits the use of chess engines and all winners' games are subject to computer analysis
Correspondence_chess
UCI chess engine
Top Chess Engine Championship and the World Computer Chess Championship (WCCC) but not in the Chess.com Computer Chess Championship (CCC). A Chess.com
Komodo_(chess)
unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece; terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems; named opening lines, see List of chess openings;
Glossary_of_chess
Chess variant with randomized starting position
article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. Chess960, also known as Fischer Random Chess, is a chess variant that randomizes the starting position
Chess960
Human methods against game-playing computers
Anti-computer tactics are methods used by humans to try to beat computer opponents at various games, most typically board games such as chess and Arimaa
Anti-computer_tactics
Competition to determine the World Chess Champion
are also chess world championships in rapid, blitz, correspondence, problem solving, Fischer random chess and computer chess. The game of chess in its modern
World_Chess_Championship
Internet chess server
The Internet Chess Club (ICC) is a commercial Internet chess server devoted to the play and discussion of chess and chess variants. ICC had over 30,000
Internet_Chess_Club
Chess played over the Internet
platforms Internet Chess Server Computer chess PyChess Correspondence chess Kaiser, Cameron (17 March 2023). "PLATO: How an educational computer system from
Online_chess
Chess opening
The King's Indian Attack (or KIA) is a chess opening system where White adopts the setup more commonly seen being played by Black in the King's Indian
King's_Indian_Attack
1951 chess program
earliest efforts toward developing computer-based chess program and was directly inspired by Alan Turing’s theoretical chess program Turochamp, which was never
Chess_(Dietrich_Prinz)
Chess piece
The bishop (♗, ♝) is a piece in the game of chess. It moves and captures along diagonals without jumping over interfering pieces. Each player begins the
Bishop_(chess)
Chess software
Fritz throughout the rest of the world. In 1995, Fritz 3 won the World Computer Chess Championship in Hong Kong, beating an early version of Deep Blue. This
Fritz_(chess)
Israeli computer scientist (born 1951)
clustering. He has published many papers on computer chess, was the local organizer of the 12th World Computer Chess Championship in 2004, and was program co-chair
Nathan_Netanyahu
January 2023 feature on Chess.com
marketing trick" and "a soulless computer". Against other chess engines, Mittens participated in the Chess.com Computer Chess Championship as a side act. In
Mittens_(chess)
Estimate of number of possible chess games
his 1950 paper "Programming a Computer for Playing Chess". (This influential paper introduced the field of computer chess.) Shannon also estimated the
Shannon_number
System used in chess to estimate the strength of a player
such as FIDE, the US Chess Federation (USCF or US Chess), International Correspondence Chess Federation, and the English Chess Federation. Most of the
Chess_rating_system
Chess software website company
put out a magazine Computer-schach und Spiele covering the emerging hobby of computer chess. In 1985, Friedel invited then world chess champion Garry Kasparov
ChessBase
Data structure in chess programs for game state
Board representation in computer chess is a data structure in a chess program representing the position on the chessboard and associated game state. Board
Board representation (computer chess)
Board_representation_(computer_chess)
Chess piece
The queen (♕, ♛) is the most powerful piece in the game of chess. It can move any number of squares vertically, horizontally or diagonally, combining
Queen_(chess)
1976 chess computer
Belle is a chess computer that was developed by Joe Condon (hardware) and Ken Thompson (software) at Bell Labs. In 1983, it was the first machine to achieve
Belle_(chess_machine)
American mathematician (1916–2001)
the discipline's founding event, and papers on the programming of chess computers. His Theseus machine was the first electrical device to learn by trial
Claude_Shannon
Point-based valuation system for chess pieces
In chess, a relative value (or point value) is a numerical value conventionally assigned to each piece. Piece valuations have no role in the rules of
Chess_piece_relative_value
Game related to chess
A chess variant is any board game related to, derived from, or inspired by orthodox chess. Chess variants can differ from standard chess in many different
Chess_variant
Bitman, Zhivotovskii and Uskov publish their paper Programming a computer to play chess in Russian Mathematical Surveys. In addition to discussion of the
1970_in_video_games
American scientist (1927–2011)
List of pioneers in computer science Kotok-McCarthy (chess playing program) McCarthy 91 function McCarthy formalism Watson (computer) Mishlove, Jeffrey
John McCarthy (computer scientist)
John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)
Computer chess championship held from 1970 to 1994
The North American Computer Chess Championship was a computer chess championship held from 1970 to 1994. It was organised by the Association for Computing
North American Computer Chess Championship
North_American_Computer_Chess_Championship
Advantage of White over Black in chess
In chess, there is a consensus among players and theorists that the player who makes the first move (White) has an inherent advantage, albeit not one
First-move_advantage_in_chess
Overview of and topical guide to chess
overview of and topical guide to chess: Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard with 32 pieces. Chess can be described as all of the
Outline_of_chess
Free software chess engine
and is maintained by collaborating developers. As one of the earliest computer chess programs with full source code available, it is one of the oldest for
GNU_Chess
American film director
screenplay of the Joe Swanberg film Hannah Takes the Stairs. Beeswax and Computer Chess, Bujalski's third and fourth films, were filmed in Austin, where the
Andrew_Bujalski
Mephisto brand dedicated chess computers, it won the Dutch open computer chess championship four times. 1991 – Ported to the ARM ChessMachine and named Gideon
REBEL_(chess)
Field of artificial intelligence around Go computer programs
chess, and depend more on judgment. So I think it will be even more difficult to programme a computer to play a reasonable game of Go than of chess.
Computer_Go
1988 video game
Chess sold 250,000 copies by February 1993. Ken St. Andre reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "Quibbles aside, every chess player
Battle_Chess
Chess engine
Rybka is a computer chess engine designed by International Master Vasik Rajlich. Around 2011, Rybka was one of the top-rated engines on chess engine rating
Rybka
Game piece for playing chess
A chess piece, or chessman, is a game piece that is placed on a chessboard to play the game of chess. It can be either white or black, and it can be one
Chess_piece
Fictional character in Arthur C. Clarke's Space Odyssey series
emotional behaviours, automated reasoning, spacecraft piloting, and computer chess. HAL became operational in Urbana, Illinois, at the HAL Plant. The film
HAL_9000
Items used to play a game of chess
online chess, correspondence chess, computer chess or non-tournament chess may choose their own preferred configuration of chess equipment. Receiving assistance
Chess_equipment
Chess game played in London in 1851
The Immortal Game was a chess game played in 1851 between Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky during the London 1851 chess tournament, an event in
Immortal_Game
American computer scientist and electrical engineer (born 1959)
Taiwanese-American computer scientist and electrical engineer. His work led to the creation of the Deep Thought chess computer, which led to the first chess playing
Feng-hsiung_Hsu
Chess variant played on a 6×6 board without bishops
Alamos chess (or anti-clerical chess) is a chess variant played on a 6×6 board without bishops. This was the first chess-like game played by a computer program
Los_Alamos_chess
Abstract strategy game
Computer Othello refers to computer architecture encompassing computer hardware and computer software capable of playing the game of Othello. A version
Computer_Othello
Computer chess engine, 1993–2016
World Computer Chess Championship in 1999 and 2003, the World Computer Speed Chess Championship in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2007, and the World Chess Software
Shredder_(software)
Chess-playing automaton hoax (1770–1854)
(German: Schachtürke, lit. 'chess Turk'), also known as the Automaton Chess Player or simply the Turk (Hungarian: A Török), was a chess-playing machine first
Mechanical_Turk
Soviet chess grandmaster (1911–1995)
Champion, he also worked as an electrical engineer and computer scientist and was a pioneer in computer chess, the last of which he was awarded an honorary mathematics
Mikhail_Botvinnik
British computer programmer (born 1958)
(born 1958) is a British computer programmer known as the author of White Knight and Colossus Chess, a 1980s commercial chess-playing program, and Colossus
Martin_Bryant_(programmer)
Field of artificial intelligence
pieces. Therefore, shogi has a higher branching factor than other chess variants. The computer has more positions to examine because each piece in hand can
Computer_shogi
Chess engine
Junior is a computer chess program written by the Israeli programmers Amir Ban and Shai Bushinsky. Grandmaster Boris Alterman assisted, in particular with
Junior_(chess_program)
Chess machine
Nahyan of Abu Dhabi. The goal of the Hydra Project was to dominate the computer chess world, and finally have an accepted victory over humans. Hydra represented
Hydra_(chess)
2006 video game
interactive chess game with ten difficulty levels when played against the computer. It can be played by two participants, or one player against the computer. The
Chess_Titans
Chess playing program
computer chess competitions in the 1970s and 1980s. It differed from other programs of that era in its look-ahead philosophy, choosing to use chess knowledge
CHAOS_(chess)
Club formed for the purpose of playing the board game of chess
clubs play over the board and face to face chess as opposed to playing on internet chess servers or computer chess. Clubs are mainly attached to a national
Chess_club
1982 video game
including a computer opponent. It was the smallest implementation of chess on any computer at the time. Developer David Horne discussed 1K ZX Chess and published
1K_ZX_Chess
Reference work on chess openings
The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings (ECO) is a reference work describing the state of opening theory in chess, originally published in five volumes from
Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings
Encyclopaedia_of_Chess_Openings
Defensive technique in chess
defender has waiting moves available. Fortresses pose a problem for computer chess: computers fail to recognize fortress-type positions (unless using a suitable
Fortress_(chess)
Chess Championship
World Computer Speed Chess Championship was an annual event organized by the International Computer Games Association where computer chess engines compete
World Computer Speed Chess Championship
World_Computer_Speed_Chess_Championship
Database of precalculated chess analysis
by reducing the size of the board, or the number of pieces, or both. Computer chess is one of the oldest domains of artificial intelligence, having begun
Endgame_tablebase
Computer chess program
Mac Hack is a computer chess program written by Richard D. Greenblatt. Also known as Mac Hac and The Greenblatt Chess Program, it was developed at the
Mac_Hack
American actor
Soldier Goliath (2008) as Alvin Sorry, Thanks (2009) as Max Callahan Computer Chess (2013) as Martin Beuscher Editor: The Outlaw Son (2007) Producer: Frontier
Wiley_Wiggins
Style of chess, 18th to 19th century
Romantic chess is a style of chess popular in the 18th century until its decline in the 1880s. This style of chess emphasizes quick, tactical maneuvers
Romantic_chess
2008 video game
Wii Chess is a 2008 computer chess game developed by Nintendo and Lancarse and published by Nintendo for the Wii. It was released on January 18, 2008 in
Wii_Chess
Overview of China's participation in professional chess
China is a major chess power, with the women's team winning gold medals at the Olympiad in 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2016, 2018; silver medals in 1996,
Chess_in_China
Ways to improve winning chances against a stronger player
serious competition outside of human–computer chess matches. As chess engines have been routinely superior to even chess masters since the late 20th century
Handicap_(chess)
Concrete sequence of chess moves leading to an advantage
earlier attack. Anti-computer chess Chess strategy Cross-check Decoy Deflection Desperado Interference Outline of chess: Chess tactics Overloading Pawn
Chess_tactic
American chess player (1929–2017)
American chess player and computer scientist. He was the World Correspondence Chess Champion, from 1965–1968. He was a Grandmaster of Correspondence Chess. Berliner
Hans_Berliner
English computer scientist (1912–1954)
or a computer. In 1948, Turing, working with his former undergraduate colleague, D.G. Champernowne, began writing a chess program for a computer that
Alan_Turing
Function in a computer game-playing program that evaluates a game position
several games like chess, shogi and go as to the general composition of evaluation functions for them. Games in which game playing computer programs employ
Evaluation_function
Topics referred to by the same term
Sittuyin, or Burmese chess Three-dimensional chess Xiangqi, or Chinese chess Chess Titans, a computer chess game with 3D graphics developed by Oberon Games
Chess_(disambiguation)
Neural network based evaluation function
chess and other board games using alpha-beta searchers running on a CPU. NNUE was invented by Yu Nasu in 2018, and was first used in the computer shogi
Efficiently updatable neural network
Efficiently_updatable_neural_network
Video game series
Sargon (stylized in all caps) is a line of chess-playing software for personal computers. The original Sargon from 1978 was written in assembly language
Sargon_(chess)
Rules of play for the game of chess
The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) govern the play of the game of chess. Chess is a two-player abstract strategy board game. Each player
Rules_of_chess
Video game series
Apple II, Atari 8-bit computers, Atari ST, ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC, MSX, Mac, and MS-DOS. The game had a chess engine (without mouse control)
Chessmaster
This is a timeline of chess. 6th century – The game chaturanga probably evolved into its current form around this time in India. 569 – A Chinese emperor
Timeline_of_chess
Chess tournament
The World Blitz Chess Championship is a chess tournament held to determine the world champion in chess played under blitz time controls. Since 2012, FIDE
World Blitz Chess Championship
World_Blitz_Chess_Championship
Early computer chess program
Kotok-McCarthy, also known as A Chess Playing Program for the IBM 7090 Computer was the first computer program to play chess convincingly. It is also remembered
Kotok-McCarthy
COMPUTER CHESS
COMPUTER CHESS
Boy/Male
Irish
From an Irish name meaning “â€one who aids or assists.â€â€ It is usually translated as Terence and Terry, two names that have become strongly associated with Ireland. Turlough O’Carolan was a 17th century blind harpist and composer who wrote one of the most haunting pieces of Irish music, “â€O’Carolan’s Concerto.â€â€
Boy/Male
Irish
From an Irish name meaning “â€one who aids or assists.â€â€ It is usually translated as Terence and Terry, two names that have become strongly associated with Ireland. Turlough O’Carolan was a 17th century blind harpist and composer who wrote one of the most haunting pieces of Irish music, “â€O’Carolan’s Concerto.â€â€
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Compiler of the Vedas
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Compiler of Hadith
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Unattained; Cannot be Competed with
Boy/Male
Muslim
Compiler of Hadith
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Cheshire.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Cheshire.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.French : variant of Chiasson.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Computer
Boy/Male
Latin
He who loves God. Famous Bearer: late composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Abu Isa Muhammad Al-tirmidhi; Compiler of the One Collection of Prophet Muhammad
Boy/Male
Latin
He who loves God. Famous Bearer: late composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Computer
Boy/Male
Irish
From an Irish name meaning “â€one who aids or assists.â€â€ It is usually translated as Terence and Terry, two names that have become strongly associated with Ireland. Turlough O’Carolan was a 17th century blind harpist and composer who wrote one of the most haunting pieces of Irish music, “â€O’Carolan’s Concerto.â€â€
Male
German
Middle High German byname HEIDEN means "heathen." The composer Josef Haydn's surname was a respelling of this name.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Cheeseman.
Girl/Female
Muslim
To compete with pride
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
To Compete with Pride
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Cheshire.
COMPUTER CHESS
COMPUTER CHESS
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Awesome
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Lord of the Sea
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Golden
Girl/Female
Biblical
Mouthful of dough, persuasion of ruin.
Girl/Female
Indian
Prophet mohammeds (Pbuh) wife, Pretty
Girl/Female
Tamil
Unique
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Intercessor; Mediator; Pure
Girl/Female
Tamil
Kalapini | கலாபிநீ
Peacock, Night
Girl/Female
Native American
Dressed in furs.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Destroyer of Dangers
COMPUTER CHESS
COMPUTER CHESS
COMPUTER CHESS
COMPUTER CHESS
COMPUTER CHESS
v. i.
To pay, or arrange to pay, in gross instead of part by part; as, to commute for a year's travel over a route.
n.
A computer.
v. i.
To calculate; to compute.
n.
One who composes or writes a book; a composer, as distinguished from an editor, translator, or compiler.
v. i.
To contend emulously; to seek or strive for the same thing, position, or reward for which another is striving; to contend in rivalry, as for a prize or in business; as, tradesmen compete with one another.
v. t.
To exchange; to put or substitute something else in place of, as a smaller penalty, obligation, or payment, for a greater, or a single thing for an aggregate; hence, to lessen; to diminish; as, to commute a sentence of death to one of imprisonment for life; to commute tithes; to commute charges for fares.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Compute
v. t.
To compute; to count.
v. t.
To compute or rate too high.
v. t.
To compute erroneously.
imp. & p. p.
of Commute
n.
A preparation of fruit in sirup in such a manner as to preserve its form, either whole, halved, or quartered; as, a compote of pears.
n.
One who computes.
n.
A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology.
imp. & p. p.
of Compute
n.
One who commutes; especially, one who commutes in traveling.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Compete
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Commute
imp. & p. p.
of Compete
n.
Compiler.