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English computer scientist (1912–1954)
algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general-purpose computer. Turing is widely considered to be the father
Alan_Turing
American annual computer science prize
Staff (2014). "ACM's Turing Award prize raised to $1 million". Communications of the ACM. 57 (12): 20. doi:10.1145/2685372. "A. M. Turing Award". Association
Turing_Award
Biography by Andrew Hodges
Annotated Turing (2008) Prof: Alan Turing Decoded (2015) The Turing Guide (2017) "Alan Turing: The Enigma". turing.org.uk. Retrieved 3 August 2017. "Alan Turing:
Alan_Turing:_The_Enigma
2017 British law pardoning formerly illegal sex acts
is named after Alan Turing, the World War II codebreaker and computing pioneer, who was convicted of gross indecency in 1952. Turing received a royal
Alan_Turing_law
Research institute in Britain
The Alan Turing Institute is the United Kingdom's national institute for data science and artificial intelligence, founded in 2015 and largely funded
Alan_Turing_Institute
Computation model defining an abstract machine
possible for a Turing machine to go into an infinite loop which will never halt. The Turing machine was invented in 1936 by Alan Turing, who called it
Turing_machine
2014 film by Morten Tyldum
the 1983 biography Alan Turing: The Enigma by Andrew Hodges. The film's title quotes the name of the game cryptanalyst Alan Turing proposed for answering
The_Imitation_Game
Ability of a computing system to simulate Turing machines
computer scientist Alan Turing). This means that this system is able to recognize or decode other data-manipulation rule sets. Turing completeness is used
Turing_completeness
Memorial in Manchester, England
476722; -2.236028 The Alan Turing Memorial, situated in Sackville Gardens in Manchester, England, is a sculpture in memory of Alan Turing, a pioneer of modern
Alan_Turing_Memorial
Impact of English computer scientist
named The Alan Turing Laboratory. The computer room at King's College, Cambridge, Turing's alma mater, is called the Turing Room. The Turing Room at the
Legacy_of_Alan_Turing
Test of a machine's ability to imitate human intelligence
The Turing test was designed by Alan Turing to assess a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to that of a human by imitating
Turing_test
Concept from evolutionary biology
The Turing pattern is a concept introduced by English mathematician Alan Turing in a 1952 paper titled "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis", which describes
Turing_pattern
Intelligence of machines
and ethics of AI. Alan Turing investigated whether machines can show intelligent behaviour and think. In 1950, he proposed the Turing test, which measures
Artificial_intelligence
British solicitor and author
Sir John Dermot Turing, 12th Baronet (born 26 February 1961) is a British solicitor and author. Turing was educated at Sherborne School and King's College
Dermot_Turing
English cryptanalyst (1917–1996)
developed by Alan Turing which reduced the need for bombes: electromechanical devices as used by British cryptologists Welchman and Turing to decipher
Joan_Clarke
Thesis on the nature of computability
1936, before learning of Church's work, Alan Turing created a theoretical model for machines, now called Turing machines, that could carry out calculations
Church–Turing_thesis
Childhood friend of Alan Turing (1911–1930)
for being a childhood friend of Alan Turing, the father of modern computer science. Morcom has been described as Turing's first love, but the affection
Christopher_Morcom
61. The Turing machine: Newquist 1994, p. 56 McCorduck 2004, pp. 63–64 Crevier 1993, pp. 22–24 Russell & Norvig 2021, p. 9 and see Turing 1936–1937
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
Problem in computer science
eventually finish running and halt, or will continue to run forever. Alan Turing proved in 1937 that the halting problem is undecidable, meaning that
Halting_problem
Measure of unsolvability
concept of Turing degree is fundamental in computability theory, where sets of natural numbers are often regarded as decision problems. The Turing degree
Turing_degree
Building at the University of Manchester
The Alan Turing Building is a building in Manchester, England that is home to the Department of Mathematics at the University of Manchester. Named after
Alan_Turing_Building
Type of Turing machine
science, a universal Turing machine (UTM) is a Turing machine capable of computing any computable sequence, as described by Alan Turing in his seminal paper
Universal_Turing_machine
GPU microarchitecture by Nvidia
GeForce 16 series GPUs, which utilizes the new Turing design but lacks the RT and Tensor cores. Turing is manufactured using TSMC's 12 nm FinFET semiconductor
Turing_(microarchitecture)
Topics referred to by the same term
of Alan Turing may refer to: Statue of Alan Turing, Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire, England Alan Turing Memorial, Manchester, England Alan Turing (sculpture)
Statue_of_Alan_Turing
WWII code-breaking site
The GC&CS team of codebreakers included John Tiltman, Dilwyn Knox, Alan Turing, Margaret Rock, Mavis Lever, Harry Golombek, Gordon Welchman, Hugh Alexander
Bletchley_Park
Catalan pop band
eight songs are about Turing's life and work. The first song "El beso" ("The Kiss") says: "this song is a kiss to wake Alan Turing up" and then it goes
Hidrogenesse
British actor (born 1995)
Downs in the West End. He made his feature film debut playing a young Alan Turing in the Academy Award-winning film The Imitation Game (2014), for which
Alex_Lawther
2007 artwork by Stephen Kettle in England
of Turing's birth. Sir John Dermot Turing, nephew of Alan Turing, attended the opening of the exhibition and posed with the statue. 2007 in art Alan Turing
Statue of Alan Turing, Bletchley Park
Statue_of_Alan_Turing,_Bletchley_Park
Concept in computability theory
{\displaystyle B\leq _{T}A.} The equivalence classes of Turing equivalent sets are called Turing degrees. The Turing degree of a set X {\displaystyle X} is written
Turing_reduction
Intentionally obscure programming language
A Turing tarpit (or Turing tar-pit) is any programming language or computer interface that allows for flexibility in function but is difficult to learn
Turing_tarpit
Day of the year
(died 2012) 1910 – Lawson Little, American golfer (died 1968) 1912 – Alan Turing, English mathematician and computer scientist (died 1954) 1913 – Helen
June_23
1885 law in the UK
scientist, Alan Turing was investigated for alleged violations of the provision when the police discovered a male lover at his house after Turing reported
Labouchère_Amendment
List
Enigma Alan Turing Year The Annotated Turing Church–Turing thesis Church–Turing–Deutsch principle Good–Turing frequency estimation Object-Oriented Turing (programming
List of things named after Alan Turing
List_of_things_named_after_Alan_Turing
Baronetcy in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia
Worcester. The Turing family descends from Sir William Turing, a supporter of David II (1329–1371). The cryptographer and computing pioneer Alan Turing was the
Turing_baronets
time and storage space are available. In 1936, Alan Turing also published his seminal work on the Turing machines, an abstract digital computing machine
History_of_computer_science
Park in Manchester, England
theory of gravitation, and the means of Turing's own death. The text on the bronze bench reads "Alan Mathison Turing 1912–1954" and "IEKYF ROMSI ADXUO KVKZC
Sackville_Gardens
First electronic stored-program computer, 1948
A century later, in 1936, mathematician Alan Turing published his description of what became known as a Turing machine, a theoretical concept intended
Manchester_Baby
Totality of psychological phenomena
ISBN 978-0-19-283098-2. Hodges, Andrew (2013). "Alan Turing: An Introductory Biography". In Teuscher, Christof (ed.). Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker
Mind
An extremely famous case was that of Alan Turing, a British mathematician and theoretician. During WWII, Turing worked at Bletchley Park and was one of
LGBTQ_history
Codebreaking device created at Bletchley Park (United Kingdom)
Virtual Wartime Bletchley Park: Alan Turing, the Enigma and the Bombe, retrieved 28 February 2010 Sale, Tony, The Turing/Welchman Bombe, Remember that the
Bombe
Models of computation
Hypercomputation or super-Turing computation is a set of hypothetical models of computation that can provide outputs that are not Turing-computable. For example
Hypercomputation
Operation in computability theory
In computability theory, the Turing jump or Turing jump operator, named for Alan Turing, is an operation that assigns to each decision problem X a successively
Turing_jump
Impossible task in computing
calculability" based on his λ-calculus, and by Alan Turing the next year with his concept of Turing machines. Turing immediately recognized that these are equivalent
Entscheidungsproblem
mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing, a key figure in cracking Nazi Germany's Enigma code that helped the
List of accolades received by The Imitation Game
List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Imitation_Game
The Fifth Estate as Julian Assange (2013), and The Imitation Game as Alan Turing (2014). Through voice and motion capture, he played the characters of
List of Benedict Cumberbatch performances
List_of_Benedict_Cumberbatch_performances
Scottish artificial intelligence laboratory
to the Turing Institute in 1984. The move included a significant expansion of the postgraduate school at the institute. Alty joined the Turing Institute
Turing_Institute
Market town and civil parish in Cheshire, England
107–110. ISBN 978-1556350122. "Alan Turing: a short biography – 8". Retrieved 21 January 2016. "Should Alan Turing be pardoned?". BBC. 19 August 2009
Wilmslow
Proof by Alan Turing
Turing's proof is a proof by Alan Turing submitted on 12 November 1936 and first published in 1937 with the title "On Computable Numbers, with an Application
Turing's_proof
American mathematician and computer scientist (1903–1995)
work, Turing enrolled at Princeton later that year under Church for a Ph.D. Church and Turing then showed that the lambda calculus and the Turing machine
Alonzo_Church
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
offences. This is sometimes informally referred to as the Alan Turing law, named for Alan Turing, the mathematician and World War II codebreaker, who was
Policing_and_Crime_Act_2017
Male given name
the Alans, who settled in Western Europe during the Migration Period. Alan is a masculine given name in the English language. The modern English Alan, and
Alan_(given_name)
Type of AI with wide-ranging abilities
"Forget the Turing Test: Here's How We Could Actually Measure AI". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 22 March 2025. Turing 1950. Turing, Alan (2004). B.
Artificial general intelligence
Artificial_general_intelligence
British politician (born 1995)
legalise assisted suicide. He called for a rail line to be named after Alan Turing. He called for capping ticket prices and alcohol as part of football
Luke_Charters
International observance
The Alan Turing Year, 2012, marked the celebration of the life and scientific influence of Alan Turing during the centenary of his birth on 23 June 1912
Alan_Turing_Year
2024 European Union regulation
(31 July 2024). "The EU AI Act: National Security Implications". The Alan Turing Institute | Center for Emerging Technology and Security. Retrieved 29
Artificial_Intelligence_Act
2025 UK Supreme Court case
(Amendment) Act 2000 Sexual Offences Act 2003 Policing and Crime Act 2017 Alan Turing law Merchant Shipping (Homosexual Conduct) Act 2017 Historical Sexual
For Women Scotland Ltd v The Scottish Ministers
For_Women_Scotland_Ltd_v_The_Scottish_Ministers
American sci-fi television series
Eldon as Thomas More Mark Gatiss as Isaac Newton Reece Shearsmith as Alan Turing Conleth Hill as Pope Gregory XIII Jenson Cheng as Kublai Khan Phil Wang
3_Body_Problem_(TV_series)
First commercial electronic computer
calculations as part of the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway. Alan Turing wrote a programming manual. After the first two machines, a revised version
Ferranti_Mark_1
Topics referred to by the same term
A Turing machine is an abstract mathematical computational device named after Alan Turing; see the box for variants of this meaning. Turing machine may
Turing machine (disambiguation)
Turing_machine_(disambiguation)
English actor (born 1976)
received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor for playing Alan Turing in The Imitation Game (2014) and a volatile rancher in The Power of the
Benedict_Cumberbatch
ISBN 0-226-14267-1 pp41-49 Turing had reported a theft at his home and the suspect for the theft then reported that he had consenting sex with Turing. The case received
Timeline of LGBTQ history in the United Kingdom
Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history_in_the_United_Kingdom
Turing is a stream cipher developed by Gregory G. Rose and Philip Hawkes at Qualcomm for CDMA. Turing generates 160 bits of output in each round by applying
Turing_(cipher)
UK student exchange programme
named after Alan Turing the English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. Turing was highly
Turing_scheme
Chatbot that arguably passed the Turing test
100th birthday of the test's author, Alan Turing, Goostman won a competition promoted as the largest-ever Turing test contest, in which it successfully
Eugene_Goostman
Football stadium in Manchester, England
the southeast of the stadium at the junction of Ashton New Road and Alan Turing Way. Built after the Commonwealth Games to commemorate them, it was the
City_of_Manchester_Stadium
Type of attack in machine learning
towards remote working in the 'we' form". A November 2024 report by The Alan Turing Institute highlights growing risks, stating that 75% of business employees
Prompt_injection
New Zealand (British born) philosopher, logician and historian of science
books on Turing. He is one of the people responsible for identifying the concept of hypercomputation and machines more capable than Turing machines.
Jack_Copeland
Hypothesized risk to human existence
researchers including Geoffrey Hinton, Yoshua Bengio, Demis Hassabis, and Alan Turing, and AI company CEOs such as Dario Amodei (Anthropic), Sam Altman (OpenAI)
Existential risk from artificial intelligence
Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence
High-level computer programming language
Alan Turing, Turing is used mainly as a teaching language at the high school and university level. Two other versions exist, Object-Oriented Turing and
Turing_(programming_language)
1950 scientific paper by Alan Turing
"Computing Machinery and Intelligence" is a paper written by Alan Turing on the topic of artificial intelligence. The paper, published in 1950 in Mind
Computing Machinery and Intelligence
Computing_Machinery_and_Intelligence
British mathematician and logician
logician. He was a friend, student, and associate of Alan Turing, having been supervised by Turing during his PhD at the University of Cambridge, where
Robin_Gandy
Type of recurrent neural network
A neural Turing machine (NTM) is a recurrent neural network model of a Turing machine. The approach was published by Alex Graves et al. in 2014. NTMs combine
Neural_Turing_machine
Country within the United Kingdom
mathematics include Sir Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, Robert Hooke, Alan Turing, Stephen Hawking, Edward Jenner, Francis Crick, Joseph Lister, Joseph
England
Decryption of World War II cipher
keyboard, Alan Turing reviewed decrypted messages and determined that the word eins ("one") appeared in 90% of messages.[citation needed] Turing automated
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma
Topics referred to by the same term
Turing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Alan Turing (1912–1954) was a British mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and computer scientist. Turing
Turing_(disambiguation)
British rowing club
Scientist Alan Turing (KC 1931) was an active member of the boat club throughout his university career. An accomplished runner and sailor, Turing was also
King's_College_Boat_Club
2017 book
Biographical aspects of Alan Turing. The Universal Machine and Beyond: Turing's universal machine (now known as a Turing machine), developed while at
The_Turing_Guide
1948 chess program
Turochamp is a chess program developed by Alan Turing and David Champernowne in 1948. It was created as part of research by the pair into computer science
Turochamp
1941 memorandum from Bletchley Park to Winston Churchill
made a speech saying he appreciated their work. The memo was signed by Alan Turing and Hugh Alexander (head and deputy head of Hut 8); and Gordon Welchman
Action_This_Day_(memo)
Principle in computer science
quantum physics, the Church–Turing–Deutsch-Wolfram principle (CTDW principle) is a stronger, physical form of the Church–Turing thesis articulated in separate
Church–Turing–Deutsch principle
Church–Turing–Deutsch_principle
British civil engineer and statistician (born 1963)
University of Cambridge since 2019. He has been the chief scientist of the Alan Turing Institute since 2021. He is a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge,
Mark_Girolami
British mathematician (born 1939)
on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2012. "Leadership - The Alan Turing Institute". Turing.ac.uk. Retrieved 10 April 2018. "Professor Dame Wendy Hall appointed
Alan_Wilson_(academic)
Computer Science Conference celebrating Alan Turing in his centenary year
The Alan Turing Centenary Conference was an academic conference celebrating the life and research of Alan Turing by bringing together distinguished scientists
Alan Turing Centenary Conference
Alan_Turing_Centenary_Conference
Early British cryptanalysis computer
Alan Turing's use of probability in cryptanalysis (see Banburismus) contributed to its design. It has sometimes been erroneously stated that Turing designed
Colossus_computer
Pharmaceutical company
was previously named after Alan Turing, the computer scientist. On May 10, 2023, Vyera filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Turing Pharmaceuticals was launched
Vyera_Pharmaceuticals
British investment banker
Mathematical Sciences Management Committee and the inaugural chairman of The Alan Turing Institute. Covington was born in Eastbourne, England. He attended Eastbourne
Howard_Covington
Natural language processing computer program
recent Turing test study". Ars Technica. Retrieved December 3, 2023. Jones, Cameron R.; Bergen, Benjamin K. (April 20, 2024), Does GPT-4 pass the Turing test
ELIZA
Annual LGBTQ event in London, England
(Amendment) Act 2000 Sexual Offences Act 2003 Policing and Crime Act 2017 Alan Turing law Merchant Shipping (Homosexual Conduct) Act 2017 Historical Sexual
Pride_in_London
Princeton University scholarship program
Hodges, Alan Turing: The Enigma (London: Vintage Books, 2014), p. 167. University, Princeton. "Turing's Princeton Dissertation - Alan Turing Centennial"
Jane_Eliza_Procter_Fellowship
Statistical technique developed by Alan Turing and I. J. Good
ball or one of a previously unseen colour. Good–Turing frequency estimation was developed by Alan Turing and his assistant I. J. Good as part of their methods
Good–Turing frequency estimation
Good–Turing_frequency_estimation
Sequence of operations for a task
lambda calculus of 1936, Emil Post's Formulation 1 of 1936, and Alan Turing's Turing machines of 1936–37 and 1939. For decades, it was assumed that algorithm
Algorithm
Public collegiate university in England
Nehru, Isaac Newton, Salman Rushdie, Bertrand Russell, Zadie Smith, Alan Turing, Ludwig Wittgenstein, William Wordsworth, and 194 Olympic medal-winning
University_of_Cambridge
First electronic general-purpose digital computer
of these features, but ENIAC was the first to have them all. ENIAC was Turing-complete and able to solve "a large class of numerical problems" through
ENIAC
Study of computation
the late 1940s was Alan Turing's question "Can computers think?", and the question remains effectively unanswered, although the Turing test is still used
Computer_science
1965:291) Turing 1937 in (Davis 1967:118) Turing 1937 in (Davis 1967:116) Turing 1937 in (Davis 1967:117) Turing 1937 in (Davis 1967:138) Turing 1937 in
History of the Church–Turing thesis
History_of_the_Church–Turing_thesis
Theoretical model of computation
nondeterministic computation with a deterministic computer. Alan Turing first developed the concept of Turing machine in 1936, imagining it as a simple computer
Nondeterministic Turing machine
Nondeterministic_Turing_machine
British actor (born 1974)
television docudramas: playing Hans Litten in The Man Who Crossed Hitler, and Alan Turing in Britain's Greatest Codebreaker. Later that year Stoppard starred in
Ed_Stoppard
2015 biography of Alan Turing
Prof: Alan Turing Decoded is a 2015 biography of Alan Turing, a 20th-century mathematician and computer scientist, authored by his nephew Dermot Turing. Written
Prof:_Alan_Turing_Decoded
Topics referred to by the same term
on a biography of Alan Turing. The Imitation Game may also refer to: Imitation game or Turing test: a test, devised by Alan Turing, of a machine's ability
The Imitation Game (disambiguation)
The_Imitation_Game_(disambiguation)
2011 television film
wants. Sir Dermot Turing, nephew of Alan, is shown and he goes on to explain how life was for John Turing (Alan's brother) and Alan Turing during their childhood
Codebreaker_(film)
ALAN TURING
ALAN TURING
Girl/Female
Indian
Little rock, Handsome
Male
Turkish
Turkish name ALTAN means "dawn."
Male
English
English variant spelling of Celtic Alan, possibly ALEN means "little rock."Â
Male
English
English variant spelling of Celtic Alan, possibly ALANN means "little rock."Â
Female
English
 English feminine form of Celtic Alan, possibly ALANA means "little rock."
Boy/Male
English American Celtic
Fair; handsome. Famous Bearer: U.S. actor Alan Alda.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : variant spelling of Allen. This is the usual spelling of the personal name in England and Scotland, but is infrequent as a surname.
Male
Romanian
Romanian name, possibly derived from the word alina, ALIN means "to soothe."Â
Male
English
(×ַלï‹×Ÿ) Variant spelling of English Allon, ALON means "oak tree."
Boy/Male
English
From St. Alban.
Female
Hawaiian
Hawaiian name ALANI means "orange tree."
Boy/Male
American, Armenian, Australian, British, Celtic, Chinese, Christian, Czechoslovakian, Danish, English, French, Gaelic, German, Indian, Irish, Swedish, Swiss
God of Shine; Handsome; Cheerful; Rock; Comely; Peace; Little Rock; Noble; Rock or Noble
Male
Celtic
, hunting dog.
Male
English
English variant spelling of Celtic Alan, possibly ALLAN means "little rock."Â
Male
Hebrew
(×¢Ö²× Ö¸×Ÿ) Hebrew name ANAN means "cloud." In the bible, this is the name of one of heads of the people who signed the covenant with Nehemiah. Compare with another form of Anan.
Male
English
Handsome One
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Celtic Alan, possibly ALUN means "little rock."Â
Male
French
French form of Celtic Alan, ALAIN means "little rock."Â
Male
Spanish
Spanish form of Celtic Alan, possibly ALANO means "little rock."Â
Male
English
English name derived from Latin Albanus, ALBAN means "like Albus," i.e. "white."
ALAN TURING
ALAN TURING
Girl/Female
British, English, Greek, Irish
Smart; Beautiful Young Child
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Goodness; Kindness
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, English
From the Home Lover's Meadow
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Thin Bodied
Boy/Male
Shakespearean American Hebrew
The Tragedy of Romeo And Juliet' Servant to Capulet.
Boy/Male
Hindu
The Moon
Surname or Lastname
English
English : possibly from a pet form of an Old French personal name, Pamphile, from Greek Pamphilos, the name of a 4th-century martyr, from pan ‘all’ + -philos ‘dear to’, ‘beloved of’.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Girl/Female
African, Danish, Hindu, Indian, Indonesian
Spicy
Boy/Male
English
From tbe riverbank enclosure.
ALAN TURING
ALAN TURING
ALAN TURING
ALAN TURING
ALAN TURING
n.
Alt. of Alman
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Plan
n.
See Uhlan.
n.
Alt. of Alman
a.
Plan.
pl.
of Ala
imp. & p. p.
of Plan
a.
A scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or described in language; a project; as, the plan of a constitution; the plan of an expedition.
n.
See Alan.
inerj.
Anan.
interj.
Alas! Welaway!
interj.
Ah! alas!
n.
A wolfhound.
n.
The sea otter.
interj.
Alas!
n.
Skillful plan; device.
a.
Having no plan.
n.
A tribe or collection of families, united under a chieftain, regarded as having the same common ancestor, and bearing the same surname; as, the clan of Macdonald.
interj.
An exclamation expressive of sorrow, pity, or apprehension of evil; -- in old writers, sometimes followed by day or white; alas the day, like alack a day, or alas the white.
v. t.
To scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; as, to plan the conquest of a country.