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Graphics created using computers
Computer graphics (CG) deals with generating images and art with the aid of computers. Computer graphics is a core technology in digital photography, film
Computer_graphics
Graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data
3D computer graphics, sometimes called 3D computer-generated imagery (3D-CGI), refers to computer graphics that use a three-dimensional (3D) representation
3D_computer_graphics
Producing images of 3D scenes
include both still images and frames for films and video games. In a computer graphics context, in standard usage, the word "rendering" by itself means rendering
Rendering_(computer_graphics)
British video game developer
Odin Computer Graphics was a Liverpool-based computer games developer that came to prominence in the mid-1980s with a variety of titles for the ZX Spectrum
Odin_Computer_Graphics
Sub-field of computer science
three-dimensional computer graphics, it also encompasses two-dimensional computer graphics and image processing. Computer graphics studies manipulation
Computer graphics (computer science)
Computer_graphics_(computer_science)
Application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images
Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is a specific application of computer graphics for creating or improving images in art, printed media, simulators, videos
Computer-generated_imagery
2D bitmap displayed over a larger scene
(1983), Genesis/Mega Drive (1988); and home computers such as the TI-99/4 (1979), Atari 8-bit computers (1979), Commodore 64 (1982), MSX (1983), Amiga
Sprite_(computer_graphics)
Computer-based generation of digital images
2D computer graphics is the computer-based generation of digital images—mostly from two-dimensional models (such as 2D geometric models, text, and digital
2D_computer_graphics
High-end single-user computer
performance specifications than mainstream personal computers, especially in terms of processing, graphics, memory, and multitasking. Workstations are optimized
Workstation
Specialized electronic circuit that accelerates graphics
either as a component on a discrete graphics card or embedded on motherboards, mobile phones, personal computers, workstations, and game consoles. GPUs
Graphics_processing_unit
Visual presentation on some surface
influenced alternative forms of interaction with computers. In the mid-1960s, large computer graphics research projects were begun at MIT, General Motors
Graphics
a glossary of terms relating to computer graphics. For more general computer hardware terms, see glossary of computer hardware terms. Contents 0–9 A B
Glossary_of_computer_graphics
1981–2009 American computing company
Silicon Graphics, Inc. (stylized as SiliconGraphics before 1999, later rebranded SGI, historically known as Silicon Graphics Computer Systems or SGCS)
Silicon_Graphics
Type of application software
In computer graphics, graphics software refers to a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate images or models visually on
Graphics_software
Digital footage or animation which create the illusion of motion or rotation
television production. Computers began to be used as early as the late 1960s as super computers were capable of rendering crude graphics. John Whitney and
Motion_graphics
Sub-field of computer graphics
Real-time computer graphics or real-time rendering is the sub-field of computer graphics focused on producing and analyzing images in real time. The term
Real-time_computer_graphics
Peer-reviewed scientific journal
Computers & Graphics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers computer graphics and related subjects such as data visualization, human-computer
Computers_&_Graphics
Type of video game graphics
to the horizontal. While modern computers can eliminate this problem using anti-aliasing, earlier computer graphics did not support enough colors or
Isometric_video_game_graphics
Image file format family
Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) is a free and open international standard file format for 2D vector graphics, raster graphics, and text, and is defined
Computer_Graphics_Metafile
Set of techniques for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate a message
visualization application is the field of computer graphics. The invention of computer graphics (and 3D computer graphics) may be the most important development
Visualization_(graphics)
Set of polygons to define the surface of a 3D model
In 3D computer graphics and solid modeling, a polygon mesh is a collection of vertices, edges and faces that define the shape of a polyhedral object's
Polygon_mesh
Free and open-source library for 3D graphics rendering
called Mesa3D and The Mesa 3D Graphics Library, is an open source implementation of OpenGL, OpenGL ES, Vulkan, and other graphics API specifications, as well
Mesa_(computer_graphics)
American computer technology company
Caustic Graphics was a computer graphics and fabless semiconductor company that developed technologies to bring real-time ray-traced computer graphics to the
Caustic_Graphics
Simulation of light in computer graphics
Computer graphics lighting is the collection of techniques used to simulate light in computer graphics scenes. While lighting techniques offer flexibility
Computer_graphics_lighting
American computer animation studio
The studio started in 1979 as part of the Lucasfilm computer division. It was known as the Graphics Group before its spin-off as a corporation in 1986
Pixar
Computer graphics terminology
In computer graphics, tessellation is the dividing of datasets of polygons (sometimes called vertex sets) presenting objects in a scene into suitable
Tessellation (computer graphics)
Tessellation_(computer_graphics)
Image display as a 2D grid of pixels
In computer graphics and digital photography, a raster graphic, raster image, or simply raster is a digital image made up of a rectangular grid of tiny
Raster_graphics
Expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display device
Providing adequate cooling becomes a challenge in such computers. Computers with multiple graphics cards may require power supplies over 750 watts. Heat
Graphics_card
Excluding certain graphical elements from being rendered in a scene
Clipping, in the context of computer graphics, is a method to selectively enable or disable rendering operations within a defined region of interest.
Clipping_(computer_graphics)
Computer graphics images defined by points, lines and curves
Vector graphics are a form of computer graphics in which visual images are created directly from geometric shapes defined on a Cartesian plane, such as
Vector_graphics
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up computer graphics in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Computer graphics are graphics created by computers and, more generally, the representation
Computer graphics (disambiguation)
Computer_graphics_(disambiguation)
Computer input device
or digital art board) is a computer input device that enables a user to hand draw or paint images, animations and graphics, with a special pen-like stylus
Graphics_tablet
Rendering method
In 3D computer graphics, ray tracing is a technique for modeling light transport for use in a wide variety of rendering algorithms for generating digital
Ray_tracing_(graphics)
Computer lab
The New York Institute of Technology Computer Graphics Lab is a computer lab located at the New York Institute of Technology (NYIT), founded by Alexander
New York Institute of Technology Computer Graphics Lab
New_York_Institute_of_Technology_Computer_Graphics_Lab
Computer animation technique
Autodesk 3ds Max, Maxon Cinema 4D, Unreal Engine, and many others. 3D computer graphics Morph target animation Interactive skeleton-driven simulation Cutout
Skeletal_animation
Vector computation used in computer graphics
In computer graphics, swizzles are a class of operations that transform vectors by rearranging components. Swizzles can also project from a vector of
Swizzling_(computer_graphics)
Method of arranging pixel data
the third and fourth generations and home computers of the 80s. The EGA video adapter on early IBM PC computers uses planar arrangement in color graphical
Planar_(computer_graphics)
Vector graphics using a relative cursor on a Cartesian plane
computer graphics, turtle graphics are vector graphics using a relative cursor (the "turtle") upon a Cartesian plane (x and y axis). Turtle graphics is
Turtle_graphics
Simulation of reflective surfaces
Reflection in computer graphics is used to render reflective objects like mirrors and shiny surfaces. Accurate reflections are commonly computed using
Reflection (computer graphics)
Reflection_(computer_graphics)
Defunct video games developer and publisher
Ashby Computers and Graphics Limited, trading as Ultimate Play the Game, was a British video game developer and publisher, founded in 1982, by ex-arcade
Ultimate_Play_the_Game
Graphics libraries API design pattern
is an API design pattern in computer graphics libraries, in which the client calls directly cause rendering of graphics objects to the display, or in
Immediate mode (computer graphics)
Immediate_mode_(computer_graphics)
Element representing a value on a grid in three dimensional space
III uses voxel graphics to render space battles and star systems. Battles displaying 1000 ships at a time were rendered slowly on computers without hardware
Voxel
Type of program in computer graphics
In computer graphics, a shader is a programmable operation which is applied to data as it moves through the rendering pipeline. Shaders act on data such
Shader
Timeline of early 3D graphics hardware
timeline of dedicated 3D computer graphics hardware that uses something other than the main CPU of a computer to draw graphics in three dimensions, usually
Timeline of early 3D computer graphics hardware
Timeline_of_early_3D_computer_graphics_hardware
List of academic journals in computer graphics
modeling. ACM Transactions on Graphics Computers & Graphics IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated
List of computer graphics journals
List_of_computer_graphics_journals
Textbook
Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice is a textbook written by James D. Foley, Andries van Dam, Steven K. Feiner, John Hughes, Morgan McGuire, David
Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice
Computer_Graphics:_Principles_and_Practice
Computer intended for use by an individual person
not used with personal computers. Personal computers are designed to be operated directly by an end user, rather than by a computer expert, administrator
Personal_computer
Form of computer-aided engineering
anywhere in 3D graphics and CAD but their history predates the widespread use of 3D graphics on personal computers. In the past, many computer games used
3D_modeling
3D computer graphics software refers to packages used to create 3D computer-generated imagery. This table compares elements of notable software that is
Comparison of 3D computer graphics software
Comparison_of_3D_computer_graphics_software
Computer graphics effect
Bloom (sometimes referred to as light bloom or glow) is a computer graphics effect used in video games, demos, and high-dynamic-range rendering (HDRR)
Bloom_(shader_effect)
In computer graphics and 3D rendering, color bleeding is the phenomenon in which objects or surfaces are colored by reflection of colored light from nearby
Color bleeding (computer graphics)
Color_bleeding_(computer_graphics)
Study of computation
states that "computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes." The design and deployment of computers and computer systems is
Computer_science
Former U.S.-based computer graphics company
S3 Graphics, Ltd. was an American computer graphics company. The company sold the Trio, ViRGE, Savage, and Chrome series of graphics processors. Struggling
S3_Graphics
Scientific journal
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (often abbreviated IEEE CG&A) is a bimonthly magazine on computer graphics published by the IEEE Computer Society
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
IEEE_Computer_Graphics_and_Applications
This list of 3D graphics software contains software packages related to the development and exploitation of 3D computer graphics. For a comparison, see
List of 3D computer graphics software
List_of_3D_computer_graphics_software
Art of creating moving images using computers
moving images, while computer animation only refers to moving images. Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics. Computer animation is a digital
Computer_animation
Publication of ACM SIGGRAPH
Computer Graphics was a publication of ACM SIGGRAPH. It served as its newsletter, and has published the yearly SIGGRAPH Conference Proceedings up to 2003
Computer Graphics (newsletter)
Computer_Graphics_(newsletter)
Method used in early text mode video hardware to emulate raster graphics
pseudographics, or character graphics is a primitive method used in early text mode video hardware to emulate raster graphics without having to implement
Semigraphics
Adjusting the complexity of a 3D model representation to save storage and computation
computer graphics can be traced back to an article by James H. Clark in the October 1976 issue of Communications of the ACM. At the time, computers were
Level of detail (computer graphics)
Level_of_detail_(computer_graphics)
Procedure to convert 3D scenes to 2D images
The computer graphics pipeline, or simply graphics pipeline, also known as the rendering pipeline, is a series of procedures for transforming a three-dimensional
Graphics_pipeline
American computer scientist (born 1938)
interface that has become ubiquitous in personal computers, and his contributions to computer graphics. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering
Ivan_Sutherland
Process in which video footage is not rendered in real-time
In computer graphics, pre-rendering or offline rendering is the technique of rendering images before playing them back at a later time, often on another
Pre-rendering
International conference on computer graphics
Computer Graphics International (CGI) is one of the oldest annual international conferences on computer graphics. It is organized by the Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics International
Computer_Graphics_International
Graphics designing computer by Pixar
The Pixar Image Computer is a graphics computer originally developed by the Graphics Group, the computer division of Lucasfilm, which later became Pixar
Pixar_Image_Computer
Constructing product by means of computer
Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computers (or workstations) to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. This
Computer-aided_design
IBM PC graphic adapter and display standard
The Hercules Graphics Card (HGC) is a computer graphics controller formerly made by Hercules Computer Technology, Inc. that combines IBM's text-only MDA
Hercules_Graphics_Card
ease the processes in all stages of computer graphics generation. These APIs have also proved vital to computer graphics hardware manufacturers, as they provide
List_of_3D_graphics_libraries
1979–1991 home computer series
The Atari 8-bit computers, formally launched as the Atari Home Computer System, are a series of home computers introduced by Atari, Inc., in 1979 with
Atari_8-bit_computers
American computer graphics expert (born 1953)
Craig W. Reynolds (born March 15, 1953), is an artificial life and computer graphics expert. He created the Boids artificial life simulation in 1986, introducing
Craig Reynolds (computer graphics)
Craig_Reynolds_(computer_graphics)
Computer graphics rendering method using diffuse reflection
In 3D computer graphics, radiosity is an application of the finite element method to solving the rendering equation for scenes with surfaces that reflect
Radiosity_(computer_graphics)
Computer display standard and resolution
Graphics Array (VGA) is a video display controller and accompanying de facto graphics standard, first introduced with the IBM PS/2 line of computers in
Video_Graphics_Array
Computer graphics related to video games
hardware advances and restrictions such as the processing power of central or graphics processing units. Some of the earliest video games were text games or text-based
Video_game_graphics
Type of video game
designed to use tile-based graphics, since their games had to fit into video game cartridges as small as 4K in size. Home computers had hardware tile support
Tile-based_video_game
Program library for computer graphics
A graphics library or graphics API is a program library designed to aid in rendering computer graphics to a monitor. This typically involves providing
Graphics_library
2001). "Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp". Computer Graphics World. 24 (10). PennWell: 10 – via Gale. Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp. (Salt Lake City, UT)
List of graphics chips and card companies
List_of_graphics_chips_and_card_companies
Graphics subsystem by Silicon Graphics
(sometimes spelled Impact) is a computer graphics architecture for Silicon Graphics computer workstations. IMPACT Graphics was developed in 1995 and was
IMPACT_(computer_graphics)
the early 1960s when digital computers had become widely established, that new avenues for innovative computer graphics blossomed. Initially, uses were
History_of_computer_animation
Academic journal
and Computer Graphics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the IEEE Computer Society. It covers subjects related to computer graphics and
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
IEEE_Transactions_on_Visualization_and_Computer_Graphics
Fundamental unit of a texture map
a triangle) in the output picture. On modern computers, this operation is accomplished on the graphics processing unit. The texturing process starts
Texel_(graphics)
Data visualization grammar for constructing graphics
The Grammar of Graphics (GoG) is a grammar-based system for representing graphics to provide grammatical constraints on the composition of data and information
Wilkinson's Grammar of Graphics
Wilkinson's_Grammar_of_Graphics
IBM PC graphic adapter and display standard
The Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) is an IBM PC graphics adapter and de facto computer display standard from 1984 that superseded the CGA standard introduced
Enhanced_Graphics_Adapter
List of notable 2D graphics software
a list of 2D graphics software. Proprietary Open source Freeware/Trialware 3D computer graphics Comparison of 3D computer graphics software Comparison
List_of_2D_graphics_software
American computer scientist and entrepreneur
American entrepreneur and computer scientist. He founded several notable Silicon Valley technology companies, including Silicon Graphics, Netscape, myCFO, and
James_H._Clark
Texture mapping technique
In computer graphics, relief mapping is a texture mapping technique first introduced in 2000 used to render the surface details of three-dimensional objects
Relief mapping (computer graphics)
Relief_mapping_(computer_graphics)
Class of microcomputers
and expandability. However, a home computer often had better graphics and sound than contemporary business computers. Their most common uses were word
Home_computer
Envelope of light rays reflected or refracted by a curved surface/object
most computer graphics systems is aesthetics rather than physical accuracy. This is especially true when it comes to real-time graphics in computer games
Caustic_(optics)
Conference on computer graphics
SIGGRAPH is an annual conference centered around computer graphics organized by the ACM. It was first held in 1974 in Boulder, Colorado. The main conference
SIGGRAPH
In computer graphics, a fragment is the data necessary to generate a single pixel's worth of a drawing primitive in the frame buffer. These data may include
Fragment_(computer_graphics)
In computer graphics, snapping allows an object to be easily positioned in alignment with grid lines, guide lines or another object, by causing it to
Snap_(computer_graphics)
Line-drawing algorithm
common computer architectures. It is an incremental error algorithm, and one of the earliest algorithms developed in the field of computer graphics. An extension
Bresenham's_line_algorithm
French computer scientist (born 1944)
[ɑ̃ʁi ɡuʁo]; born 1944) is a French computer scientist. He is the inventor of Gouraud shading used in computer graphics. He is the great-nephew of French
Henri Gouraud (computer scientist)
Henri_Gouraud_(computer_scientist)
Programmable machine that processes data
electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs, which enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. The term computer system
Computer
IBM PC graphic adapter and display standard
IBM's first color graphics card for the IBM PC. It established a de facto computer display standard. The original IBM CGA graphics card was built around
Color_Graphics_Adapter
Model for determining radiant energy reflected off diffuse surfaces
designed to exhibit an almost perfect Lambertian reflectance. In computer graphics, Lambertian reflection is often used as a model for diffuse reflection
Lambertian_reflectance
Taiwanese and American businessman (born 1963)
well-known only among the gamers and computer graphics experts who were the original intended markets for Nvidia's graphics processing unit (GPU) products.
Jensen_Huang
Limiting a position to an area
support the functions min and max. One of the many uses of clamping in computer graphics is the placing of a detail inside a polygon—for example, a bullet
Clamp_(function)
File format
Alembic is an interchangeable computer graphics file format developed by Sony Pictures Imageworks and Industrial Light & Magic. It was announced at SIGGRAPH
Alembic_(computer_graphics)
Terminology used in computer graphics
In computer graphics, fixed-function is a term primarily used to describe 3D graphics APIs and GPUs designed prior to the advent of programmable shaders
Fixed-function (computer graphics)
Fixed-function_(computer_graphics)
Curve used in computer graphics and related fields
BEH-zee-ay, French pronunciation: [bezje]) is a parametric curve used in computer graphics and related fields. A sequence of discrete "control points" defines
Bézier_curve
hardware devices such as pointing devices, graphics hardware, and positioning of the pointer. In personal computers, all these elements are modeled through
Graphical_user_interface
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