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Index of articles associated with the same name
In geometry, confocal means having the same foci: confocal conic sections. For an optical cavity consisting of two mirrors, confocal means that they share
Confocal
Optical imaging technique
Confocal microscopy is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole
Confocal_microscopy
Conic sections with the same foci
called confocal if they have the same foci. Because ellipses and hyperbolas have two foci, there are confocal ellipses, confocal hyperbolas and confocal mixtures
Confocal_conic_sections
Medical diagnostic method
Confocal endoscopy, or confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), is a modern imaging technique that allows the examination of real-time microscopic and histological
Confocal_endoscopy
Scanning confocal electron microscopy (SCEM) is an electron microscopy technique analogous to scanning confocal optical microscopy (SCOM). In this technique
Scanning confocal electron microscopy
Scanning_confocal_electron_microscopy
American cognitive scientist (1927–2016)
(1963)[independent source needed] and the confocal microscope[independent source needed] (1957, a predecessor to today's widely used confocal laser scanning microscope)
Marvin_Minsky
Three-dimensional coordinate system
quadratic coordinate surfaces, the ellipsoidal coordinate system is based on confocal quadrics. The Cartesian coordinates ( x , y , z ) {\displaystyle (x,y,z)}
Ellipsoidal_coordinates
Viewing of objects which are too small to be seen with the naked eye
electron microscopy) or by scanning a fine beam over the sample (for example confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Scanning probe
Microscopy
2D coordinate system whose coordinate lines are confocal ellipses and hyperbolae
two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system in which the coordinate lines are confocal ellipses and hyperbolae. The two foci F 1 {\displaystyle F_{1}} and F 2
Elliptic_coordinate_system
Three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system
3rd print ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 44–48 (Table 1.11). ISBN 978-0-387-18430-2. MathWorld description of confocal paraboloidal coordinates
Paraboloidal_coordinates
Concept in laser optics
where the area of the cross section is doubled. A related parameter is the confocal parameter, b, which is twice the Rayleigh length. The Rayleigh length is
Rayleigh_length
Optical microscope that uses fluorescence and phosphorescence
like an epifluorescence microscope or a more complicated design such as a confocal microscope, which uses optical sectioning to get better resolution of the
Fluorescence_microscope
Fluorescence microscopy technique
comparable to confocal microscopy. Because light sheet fluorescence microscopy scans samples by using a plane of light instead of a point (as in confocal microscopy)
Light sheet fluorescence microscopy
Light_sheet_fluorescence_microscopy
Fluorescence imaging technique
which results in the spatial resolution of the image. This contrasts with confocal microscopy, where the spatial resolution is produced by the interaction
Two-photon excitation microscopy
Two-photon_excitation_microscopy
Outermost of the three layers that make up the skin
Confocal image of the stratum corneum
Epidermis
Response if an optical system to a point source of light
microscopy and other imaging techniques such as 3D microscopy (like in confocal laser scanning microscopy) and fluorescence microscopy. The degree of spreading
Point_spread_function
Region of space between a transmitting and receiving antenna
fray-NEL), named after physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel, is one of a series of confocal prolate ellipsoidal regions of space between and around a transmitter and
Fresnel_zone
Quadric surface that looks like a deformed sphere
and F2 are the foci of the ellipse in the xy-plane, too. Hence, it is confocal to the given ellipse and the length of the string is l = 2rx + (a − c)
Ellipsoid
Ancestral origin theory
Darwin's theory of evolution) and new technologies have become available (confocal microscopy, DNA sequencing, genomics). Additionally, the discovery of Onychophora
Articulata_(superphylum)
Technique in fluorescence microscopy
deactivates the fluorescence, it can achieve resolution better than traditional confocal microscopy. Normal fluorescence occurs by exciting an electron from the
STED_microscopy
Two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system
two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system in which the coordinate lines are confocal parabolas. A three-dimensional version of parabolic coordinates is obtained
Parabolic_coordinates
Imaging technique
imaging systems. Medical ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), confocal microscopy, and OCT are differently suited to morphological tissue imaging:
Optical_coherence_tomography
Arrangement of mirrors
radius equal to the cavity length. A common and important design is the confocal resonator, with mirrors of equal radii to the cavity length (R1 = R2 =
Optical_cavity
Structure in biology and artificial intelligence
Animated confocal micrograph of part of a biological neural network in a mouse's striatum
Neural_network
Part of plant root
Calcofluor White confocal fluorescent image of developing tomato root
Root_hair
Curve on the sphere analogous to an ellipse or hyperbola
Graves's theorem and Ivory's theorem about confocal conics can also be proven on the sphere; see confocal conic sections about the planar versions. Just
Spherical_conic
ISO collection of international standards
(stylus) instruments Part 602: Nominal characteristics of non-contact (confocal chromatic probe) instruments Part 603: Nominal characteristics of non-contact
ISO_25178
Imaging by sections or sectioning using a penetrative wave
W. Z. W. (December 2015). "Three dimensions localization of tumors in confocal microwave imaging for breast cancer detection" (PDF). Microwave and Optical
Tomography
Medical intervention
scattering and subsequent application of a confocal inverse filter to recover the sample image. Confocal time-of-flight diffuse optical tomography combines
Optical_tomography
German physicist
scanning electron microscopes. It is this plan for the construction of a confocal laser scanning microscope (CSLM), which for the first time combined the
Christoph_Cremer
Laser microscope used for Raman spectroscopy
numerical aperture of the focusing element. In confocal Raman microscopy, the diameter of the confocal aperture is an additional factor. As a rule of
Raman_microscope
Image of isolated adult cardiac myocytes taken using confocal microscopy
Cell_isolation
Small, local deviations of a surface from a perfectly flat ideal
Confocal Microscopy, which relies on spatial filtering and point illumination to generate precise topographical maps of a surface. Chromatic confocal
Surface_finish
biological tissues, which leads to poor contrast and depth localization. Confocal Time-of-Flight Diffuse Optical Tomography (TOF-DOT) addresses this by using
Diffuse_optical_imaging
territories are detected by FISH. Shown is a single optical section made with a confocal microscope. Bottom: Same nucleus stained with DAPI and recorded with a
Replication_timing
Branch of neuroscience
intracellular recording, patch-clamp, and voltage-clamp technique, pharmacology, confocal imaging, molecular biology, two photon laser scanning microscopy and Ca2+
Cellular_neuroscience
American scientist and inventor
invented and patented the Plasma Cleaner for Electron Microscopy the Scanning Confocal Electron Microscope and the π Steradian Transmission X-ray Detector for
Nestor_J._Zaluzec
Series of techniques in optical microscopy
modestly (up to about a factor of two) beyond the diffraction-limit, such as confocal microscopy with closed pinhole or aided by computational methods such as
Super-resolution_microscopy
Scientific instrument for observing small objects
microscopy drove the development of a major modern microscope design, the confocal microscope. The principle was patented in 1957 by Marvin Minsky, although
Microscope
Imaging of cells in living animals
several light microscopy techniques including widefield fluorescence, confocal, multiphoton, spinning disc microscopy and others. The main consideration
Intravital_microscopy
transcription at basic pH (~pH 7.8), influencing the formation of Woronin bodies. Confocal microscopy is a type of standard fluorescence microscopy that employs specific
Woronin_body
spherical focal spot with 5–7 times less volume than that of standard confocal microscopy. The improvement in resolution is achieved by using two opposing
4Pi_microscope
Monochrome light beam whose amplitude envelope is a Gaussian function
is greatest. The distance between the two points z = ±zR is called the confocal parameter or depth of focus of the beam. Tails of a Gaussian function never
Gaussian_beam
Form of microscopy using an electron beam
applicable to specific systems, e.g., Xe bubbles in aluminum. Scanning confocal electron energy loss microscopy (SCEELM) is a new analytical microscopy
Electron energy loss spectroscopy
Electron_energy_loss_spectroscopy
Method of making biological tissue transparent
combined with other technologies to develop new microscopy methods including confocal expansion microscopy, SPIM light sheet microscopy, and CLARITY-optimized
CLARITY
Type of statistical analysis
FCS is employed in the context of optical microscopy, in particular, confocal microscopy or two-photon excitation microscopy. In these techniques, light
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Fluorescence_correlation_spectroscopy
labeled antibody. Several types of microscope are regularly used: widefield, confocal, or two-photon. Most microscopy system will also support the collection
Bioimage_informatics
Two-point equidistant map projection
points on the sphere. The two-point equidistant projection maps a family of confocal spherical conics onto two families of planar ellipses and hyperbolas. The
Two-point equidistant projection
Two-point_equidistant_projection
Romanian-German physicist (born 1962)
in a confocal microscope". He was an independent inventor for a short period thereafter working on improving depth (axial) resolution in confocal microscopy
Stefan_Hell
Optical concept
the edges of the scan might suffer from power drops or vignetting. In confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the back aperture of the objective lens
Overfill
Light re-emitted by chlorophyll molecules during return from excited to non-excited states
Confocal microscope images of a tomato leaf from Solanum lycopersicum. Brightfield DIC image showing guard cells and pavement cells (above). Same region
Chlorophyll_fluorescence
Study of the nervous system
variety of techniques have been used to study neuromorphology, including confocal microscopy, design-based stereology, neuron tracing and neuron reconstruction
Neuromorphology
Parasitic microorganism that causes giardiasis
Multiple views of a G. lamblia cyst imaged by confocal microscopy: Bar = 10 micrometers (A) Cyst imaged by transmission (differential interference contrast)
Giardia_duodenalis
lateral resolution of 15 to 50 μm. By ignoring ballistic light, dark-field confocal photoacoustic microscopy reduces surface signal. This method uses a dark-field
Photoacoustic_microscopy
Belfast, United Kingdom, and South Windsor, Connecticut, United States. As confocal microscopes were first becoming commercially available, the founders of
Bitplane
Network of lymphatic vessels parallel to the sinuses
Confocal micrograph of meningeal lymphatic vessels and trafficking immune cells. LYVE1 (green), CD3e (red), and DAPI (blue) are shown.
Meningeal_lymphatic_vessels
Developer and manufacturer of high performance light measuring solutions
a compact benchtop confocal microscope. The microscope is designed to be simple to use and is based around a Spinning Disk Confocal approach. It incorporates
Andor_Technology
Controlled deflection of laser beams
in ophthalmological laser systems for the treatment of presbyopia, in confocal microscopy, in laser printers, in laser shows, in Laser TV, and in barcode
Laser_scanning
Preservation of biological tissue
Mouse brain tissue, fixed via perfusion, stained via immunohistochemistry and imaged using confocal microscopy.
Fixation_(histology)
Type of microscope
accessories for fitting still and video cameras, fluorescence illumination, confocal scanning and many other applications. Inverted microscopes are useful for
Inverted_microscope
Technology
ophthalmology. The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) is an ophthalmological confocal point scanning laser ophthalmoscope for examining the cornea and certain
Heidelberg_Retinal_Tomography
Type of plant protein
TMV MP30 localizes to plasmodesmata when fused to GFP. This image was captured using confocal laser scanning microscopy
Movement_protein
Photo contest
contrast, polarized light, fluorescence, interference contrast, dark-field, confocal, deconvolution, and mixed techniques. The annual Nikon Small World In Motion
Nikon_Small_World
Microscopy methods
AMOS, W. B. (1991-01-01). "The bending of sliding microtubules imaged by confocal light microscopy and negative stain electron microscopy". Journal of Cell
Interferometric scattering microscopy
Interferometric_scattering_microscopy
Geometric point from which certain types of curves are constructed
In geometry, focuses or foci (/ˈfoʊsaɪ/ or /ˈfoʊkaɪ/; sing.: focus) are special points with reference to which any of a variety of curves is constructed
Focus_(geometry)
segmentation of objects near and below the resolution limit in three-dimensional confocal fluorescence microscopy". Journal of Microscopy. 189 (2): 118–136. doi:10
Vertico spatially modulated illumination
Vertico_spatially_modulated_illumination
Reflecting telescope design
Mersenne beam compressor, which looks like a Cassegrain made from two (confocal) paraboloids, with both the input and output beams collimated. The compressed
Three-mirror_anastigmat
Measurement of small-scale features on surfaces
profilometers. Non-contact methods include: interferometry, digital holography, confocal microscopy, focus variation, structured light, electrical capacitance,
Surface_metrology
Species of starfish
Bat star bipinnaria at fourth day of development Photographed using confocal microscopy. Histones are labeled in blue, actin filaments in orange.
Patiria_miniata
Academic journal
ultrasound, computed tomography, nuclear medicine, x-ray, optical and confocal microscopy, among others. Common topics covered in the journal include
Medical Image Analysis (journal)
Medical_Image_Analysis_(journal)
His areas of research are in optics, microscopy and imaging, including confocal and multiphoton microscopy, diffraction, 3D imaging and reconstruction
Colin_Sheppard
Geometric shell bounded by two concentric, similar ellipses or ellipsoids
Peter Tait. Closely related is the focaloid, a shell between concentric, confocal ellipses or ellipsoids. If the outer shell is given by x 2 a 2 + y 2 b
Homoeoid_and_focaloid
Method of eye examination
(SLO) is a method of examination of the eye. It uses the technique of confocal laser scanning microscopy for diagnostic imaging of the retina or cornea
Scanning_laser_ophthalmoscopy
Protein that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light
3D reconstruction of confocal image of VEGF-overexpressing neural progenitors (red) and GFP-positive control neural progenitor cells (green) in the rat
Green_fluorescent_protein
Device which diffracts light via sound waves
amplifiers Cavity dumping Modelocking Laser Doppler vibrometer Film scanner Confocal microscopy Synthetic array heterodyne detection Hyperspectral Imaging Acousto-optics
Acousto-optic_modulator
Mineralized debris within the crevices of the tonsils
structure renders the biofilm immune to antibiotic treatment. By use of confocal microscopy and microelectrodes, biofilms similar to dental biofilms were
Tonsil_stones
Microscope manufacturing company in Germany
categories include Virtual microscopes, Light microscopes, products for Confocal Microscopy, Surgical Microscopes, Stereo Microscopes & Macroscopes, Digital
Leica_Microsystems
contrast microscopy. 1957: Marvin Minsky, a professor at MIT, invents the confocal microscope, an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution
Timeline of microscope technology
Timeline_of_microscope_technology
Topics referred to by the same term
College of Science and Mathematics, a school of Montclair State University Confocal scanning acoustic microscope, a type of acoustic microscope Cultural Stereotype
CSAM_(disambiguation)
Computer-aided design and manufacturing of dental prostheses
information by different means, namely: structured light, laser light and confocal microscopy. Contact scanners are more accurate than non-contact scanners
CAD/CAM_dentistry
Geographic coordinate specifying north-south position
ellipsoid (semi-axes OA and OB) construct an auxiliary ellipsoid which is confocal (same foci F, F′) with the reference ellipsoid: the necessary condition
Latitude
Layer in the cornea of the eye
after phototherapeutic keratectomy: a prospective study using in vivo confocal microscopy". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 50 (9): 4192–8. doi:10.1167/iovs
Bowman's_layer
Multi-photon microscopy technique
Raman tags to achieve super-multiplexing multi-color imaging with SRS. Confocal Raman microscopy normally uses continuous wave lasers to provide a spontaneous
Coherent Raman scattering microscopy
Coherent_Raman_scattering_microscopy
Lab technique in biology and chemistry
fluorescent detection platforms such as confocal microscopy. Absolute fluorescence sensitivity is generally lower in confocal microscopy because out-of-focus
Flow_cytometry
Family of beetles
Cucujoidea) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, with remarks on using confocal microscopy for the study of amber inclusions". Cretaceous Research. 52
Sphindidae
techniques including (light microscopy, electron microscopy, fluorescence and confocal microscopes) to further their research and eventually publish their research
American Microscopical Society
American_Microscopical_Society
the horizontal circles and the meridians. The article confocal conic sections deals with confocal quadrics, too. They are a prominent example of a non
Dupin's_theorem
English writer of children's fiction
source of income, he still works at the university as the operator of the confocal microscope. His favorite children's books are the Paddington Bear series
Chris_d'Lacey
are offered there, such as multidimensional single-molecule microscopy, confocal microscopy (FLIM, FRET, and multiphoton), and optical profilometry. It
Central_Laser_Facility
Type of gas laser
vapor: yellow and green emission at 578 nm and 510 nm. Xenon Iodine Oxygen Confocal laser scanning microscopy Surgical Laser medicine High-speed typesetters
Ion_laser
Methodology for biomedical research
genetics batch effects arrayed screening optical microscopy epifluorescence confocal high content screening immunofluorescence reporters live cell imaging microfluidic
Optical_pooled_screening
within an intact zebrafish embryo using scRNA signal amplification and confocal microscopy. RNA probes complementary to mRNA targets trigger chain reactions
Small_conditional_RNA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMID 3194209. Barbe L, Lundberg E, Oksvold P, et al. (2008). "Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome". Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 7 (3):
ACAA1
Part of a cell
Eger et al. used gold labeled transferrin molecules in combination with confocal microscopy in order to visualize the cytostome. This experiment showed
Cytostome
Imaging technique used in endoscopy
improve visualization of the mucosa in endoscopy include chromoendoscopy, confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography.[citation needed] Gono, Kazuhiro;
Narrow-band_imaging
Structured-illumination light sheet microscopy
sample. The two methods most used for fluorescent imaging of 3D samples – confocal microscopy and widefield microscopy – both have significant drawbacks for
Structured illumination light sheet microscopy
Structured_illumination_light_sheet_microscopy
Private spaceflight company
educational purposes and promotion. Partners in the Kirara service includes Confocal Science Inc. and Space Applications Services (SpaceApps). Each unit of
Japan Manned Space Systems Corporation
Japan_Manned_Space_Systems_Corporation
Taking multiple images to create a composite
range (HDR) photography, lucky imaging, multi-image panorama stitching and confocal stereo. The common thread for all the aforementioned imaging techniques
Epsilon_photography
Characteristic of an optical system
that of a confocal microscope (c). Although the same microscope objective with a numerical aperture of 1.49 is used, it is clear that the confocal point spread
Optical_transfer_function
Protein-coding gene in humans
PMID 18067069. Barbe L, Lundberg E, Oksvold P, et al. (2008). "Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome". Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 7 (3):
AMELY
CONFOCAL
CONFOCAL
CONFOCAL
CONFOCAL
Male
Czechoslovakian
, peace glory.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
King's God
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Pakistani, Urdu
Servant of Allah
Girl/Female
Celtic American Gaelic Hawaiian Irish
meaning harmony, stone, or noble.
Girl/Female
Sikh
Pure, The pure one
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nimalan | நீமாஂலந
Lord Murugan name
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Ghana, Hebrew, Indian, Jamaican, Sanskrit
Dark; War Chief; Wealth; Profit; Warrior King; Ghana; Cloud
Boy/Male
British, English
Son of Adam
Boy/Male
Indian
Lucky Man
Girl/Female
Indian, Marathi
Desire; Wish
CONFOCAL
CONFOCAL
CONFOCAL
CONFOCAL
CONFOCAL
a.
Having the same foci; as, confocal quadrics.