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Rate of air temperature movement
Cooling load is the rate at which sensible and latent heat must be removed from the space to maintain a constant space dry-bulb air temperature and humidity
Cooling_load
estimating the cooling load or heating load of a building. It was introduced in the 1979 ASHRAE handbook. The CLTD/CLF/SCL (cooling load temperature difference/cooling
Cooling load temperature difference calculation method
Cooling_load_temperature_difference_calculation_method
Technique for ventilation of a building
index UFAD cooling load ratio (UCLR), which is defined by the ratio of the peak cooling load calculated for UFAD to the peak cooling load calculated for
Underfloor_air_distribution
Device that cools air through the evaporation of water
more moisture for the comfort of building occupants. The cooling potential for evaporative cooling is dependent on the wet-bulb depression, the difference
Evaporative_cooler
Variable to calculate cooling load of a building
Sol-air temperature (Tsol-air) is a variable used to calculate cooling load of a building and determine the total heat gain through exterior surfaces.
Sol-air_temperature
Elevated structural floor above a void
presence of the raised floor affects the zone cooling load profile and tends to increase the peak cooling load. When carpeting is present the negative impact
Raised_floor
Cooling spaces with airflow
Ventilative cooling is the use of natural or mechanical ventilation to cool indoor spaces. The use of outside air reduces the cooling load and the energy
Ventilative_cooling
Cooling methods that expend energy to cool a system or component
requirements. Active cooling is widely used to maintain indoor thermal conditions when passive measures alone cannot meet the required cooling load. A building
Active_cooling
Large dummy load for testing electric power transmission systems
forced air or water cooling system. The device usually also includes instruments for metering, load control, and overload protection. Load banks can either
Load_bank
percentage of the total cooling load that can be attributed to the sensible load. Defined to be sensible cooling load divided by the total load, expressed as a
Glossary of geothermal heating and cooling
Glossary_of_geothermal_heating_and_cooling
Device which rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream
A cooling tower is a device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a coolant stream, usually a water stream, to a lower temperature
Cooling_tower
Tall habitable building
cooling loads. Due to the microclimate created at the upper floors with the increased wind speed and the decreased dry bulb temperatures, the cooling
Skyscraper
Reserved for high demand times
energy storage projects Smart grid Vehicle-to-grid Turbine inlet air cooling Load following power plant Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems
Peaking_power_plant
Delivery of chilled water to building needing cooling
District cooling is the cooling equivalent of district heating. Working on principles broadly similar to district heating, district cooling delivers chilled
District_cooling
Thermal energy storage by freezing water
charged when cooling demand or electricity prices are lower and discharged during periods of higher cooling demand, reducing the electrical load associated
Ice_storage_air_conditioning
Type of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system
controls. Energy savings in DOAS/radiant ceiling cooling panel system can by linked to: cooling coil load reduction, chiller energy reduction, pumping energy
Dedicated_outdoor_air_system
Facility generating electric power
traditional cooling tower.[citation needed] Electric companies often prefer to use cooling water from the ocean or a lake, river, or cooling pond instead
Power_station
Highest power demand on a grid in a specified period
using heavy heating or cooling loads. The cost of generating and supplying electricity is also typically highest at peak load periods, as more power plants
Peak_demand
Eurovent standards for air conditioner performance depending on time of year
measured in units of watts for both electrical and cooling power, while the US standards use BTU/hour for cooling power and watt for electrical power, ESEER values
European seasonal energy efficiency ratio
European_seasonal_energy_efficiency_ratio
Measurement of electromagnetic radiation
plants, the heating and cooling loads of buildings, climate modeling and weather forecasting, passive daytime radiative cooling applications, and space
Solar_irradiance
Temperature control system
system is operating. A cooling anticipator generates a small amount of additional heat to the sensing element while the cooling appliance is not operating
Thermostat
Heat exchangers used for cooling internal combustion engines
is most common for engine and transmission cooling and top airflow most common for air conditioner cooling. Automobile radiators are constructed of a
Radiator_(engine_cooling)
Management strategy for global warming
radiative cooling (PDRC)—also called passive radiative cooling, daytime passive radiative cooling, radiative sky cooling, photonic radiative cooling, and terrestrial
Passive daytime radiative cooling
Passive_daytime_radiative_cooling
Defined levels of resiliency and redundancy for IT infrastructure
redundancy. A single path for power and cooling, no redundant components. Tier II: partial N+1 redundancy for power and cooling components, but still a single
Data_center_tiers
Air conditioning technology
compressor motor speed to modulate cooling capacity. Capacity modulation is a way to match cooling capacity to cooling demand to application requirements
Inverter_compressor
Building design approach
gain prevention) or by removing heat from the building (natural cooling). Natural cooling utilizes on-site energy, available from the natural environment
Passive_cooling
Process of removing waste heat from a computer
by actively exhausting hot air. There are also other cooling techniques, such as liquid cooling. All modern day processors are designed to cut out or
Computer_cooling
Cooling system that uses solar power
or "solar-powered air conditioning", refers to any air conditioning (cooling) system that uses solar power. This can be done through passive solar design
Solar_air_conditioning
Material used to cover a window for functional purposes
the sunlight is strong, fully closed window coverings can decrease the cooling load while maintaining occupants' thermal comfort. When the outdoor temperature
Window_covering
Cooling technique in atomic physics
Laser cooling includes several techniques where atoms, molecules, and small mechanical systems are cooled with laser light. The directed energy of lasers
Laser_cooling
Canadian energy company
Corporation. The cooling system is a clean, renewable, and reliable energy source. Compared to traditional air-conditioning, Deep Lake Water Cooling reduces electricity
Enwave
Waste-heat-removal system
engine cooling uses either air or liquid to remove the waste heat from an internal combustion engine. For small or special purpose engines, cooling using
Internal combustion engine cooling
Internal_combustion_engine_cooling
American building thermal comfort standard
cooling and heating. The design comfort conditions should be carefully considered as they may not align with the room peak heating and cooling load conditions
ASHRAE_55
Top covering of a building
Colour on Heat Conduction Transfer, Roof-Top Surface Temperature and Cooling Load in Modern Residential Buildings under the Tropical Climate of Malaysia"
Roof
Room air distribution strategy
ventilation systems can only provide acceptable comfort if the corresponding cooling load is less than about 13 Btu/h-sf or 40 W/m2. One benefit of displacement
Displacement_ventilation
Refrigeration process
being the last stage. ULT freezers with dual cooling systems use the auto-cascade system. Dual cooling systems are used for redundancy to protect from
Cascade_refrigeration
Air cooling method
Deep water source cooling (DWSC) or deep water air cooling is a form of air cooling for process and comfort space cooling which uses a large body of naturally
Deep_water_source_cooling
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
put an extremely heavy load on the cooling system and led to frequent overheating, especially on early models, if the cooling system was not maintained
Ford_flathead_V8_engine
Electronic system managing a rechargeable battery
for transportation.[citation needed] Liquid cooling has a higher natural cooling potential than air cooling as liquid coolants tend to have higher thermal
Battery_management_system
Architectural ventilation using natural and mechanical systems
refrigeration equipment for cooling. A well-designed mixed-mode building begins with intelligent facade design to minimize cooling loads. It then integrates the
Mixed-mode_ventilation
Mathematical models of heat pumps and refrigeration
temperature of the gas in the low temperature side. Therefore, for the same cooling load, gas refrigeration cycle machines require a larger mass flow rate, which
Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
Heat_pump_and_refrigeration_cycle
Category of HVAC technologies
hydronic cooling systems in Europe, embedding cool water pipes in structures to absorb and dissipate heat, meeting cooling loads. Radiant cooling became
Radiant_heating_and_cooling
Building complex in Beijing, China
source heat pump system shoulders 70% of the complex's yearly heating and cooling load. The system consists of 655 geothermal wells, 100 meters below the basement
Linked_Hybrid
Thermodynamic process
regenerative cooling loads in rocket engines and subsequently reduce propellant requirements. Other techniques exist, such as film cooling, ablative cooling, radiative
Transpiration_cooling
Loss of heat by thermal radiation
a strong cooling effect. Materials that can also reflect 95% or more of sunlight in the 200 nanometres to 2.5 μm range can exhibit cooling even in direct
Radiative_cooling
Ratio to describe data-center efficiency
Miami. A colder climate results in a lesser need for a massive cooling system. Cooling systems account for roughly 30 percent of consumed energy in a
Power_usage_effectiveness
Technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort
larger district heating (DH) or district cooling (DC) network, or a combined DHC (District-Heating-Cooling) network. In such cases, the operating and
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning
Form of climate engineering
of greenhouse gas emissions Cool roofs achieve cooling energy savings in hot summers but can increase heating energy load during cold winters. Therefore
Reflective surfaces (climate engineering)
Reflective_surfaces_(climate_engineering)
Thermostatic engine cooling fan
engine cooling fan that can freewheel at low temperatures when cooling is not needed, allowing the engine to warm up faster, relieving unnecessary load on
Fan_clutch
Type of radiation/convection HVAC system
to the cooling coil. For this reason, it has a better cooling capacity than the passive beam. Instead, the passive beam provides space cooling without
Chilled_beam
Replication of aspects of building performance
components Load profiles: for heating and cooling demand, electricity profile for equipment and lighting Energy demand: for heating, cooling, ventilation
Building performance simulation
Building_performance_simulation
Dehumidification measurement
high-altitude climates, the annual dehumidification load for ventilation air exceeds the annual cooling load for ventilation air by a factor of 2 to 5. The
Moisture_removal_efficiency
Subfields of building design and construction
Kinney, Larry. New Evaporative Cooling Systems: An Emerging Solution for Homes in Hot Dry Climates with Modest Cooling Loads. Southwest Energy Efficiency
Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing
sparser and more open. Not only can tree shade be used to reduce the cooling load in building, it can also be used in parking lot, driveways, and playgrounds
Energy-efficient_landscaping
Aerofoil; individual component of a turbine disc
heat load. Impingement cooling is also used in mid chord of the vane. Blades are hollow with a core. There are internal cooling passages. Cooling air enters
Turbine_blade
Amount of heat a computer's cooling system must dissipate
catastrophic cooling failure, such as a no longer operational fan or an incorrectly mounted heat sink. For example, a laptop's CPU cooling system may be
Thermal_design_power
Sinking of the Earth's crust on a large scale
the tectonic environments in which subsidence occurs: extension, cooling and loading. Where the lithosphere undergoes horizontal extension at a normal
Tectonic_subsidence
Inspection, survey and analysis of energy flows in a building
weather sensitive cooling load derived from the slope to gain an accurate picture of the true contribution of the building envelope on cooling energy use and
Energy_audit
Measure of the degree of utilisation
Constantinos; Ng, Tze Ling (2017). "Equivalent full-load hours for assessing climate change impact on building cooling and heating energy consumption in large Asian
Full_load_hour
Brief scalding of food in boiling water
and cooling. The most common blanching methods for vegetables/fruits are hot water and steam, while cooling is either done using cold water or cool air
Blanching_(cooking)
Diamond trade centre in Gujarat, India
radiant cooling systems. A combination of thermal mass and porosity in relevant areas results in low external heat gains and lower cooling loads. Hybrid
Surat_Diamond_Bourse
Voluntary computer power supply certification program
since fans do not have to spin as fast to cool the computer. Reduced heat and resulting in lower cooling demands may increase computer reliability. The
80_Plus
Process of moving heat from one location to another in controlled conditions
laser cooling, or other means. Refrigeration has many applications, including household refrigerators, industrial freezers, cryogenics, and cool store
Refrigeration
Device to couple energy between circuits
cooling, forced-oil cooling, water-cooling, or combinations of these. Large transformers are filled with transformer oil that both cools and insulates the
Transformer
Space or room below a pitched roof of a house or other building
roof and leaks that they cause. In hot climates, ventilation reduces cooling loads. Sometimes an insulated roof with an internal vapor barrier is preferable
Attic
highest outdoor temperatures several hours apart. This delay may shift cooling loads to later periods, when air-conditioning systems can operate with cooler
Thermal_lag
Photovoltaic materials used to replace conventional building materials
BIPV windows can reduce the cooling load compared to conventional clear glass windows, but may increase the heating load of the building. Building-integrated
Building-integrated photovoltaics
Building-integrated_photovoltaics
a regions energy intensity, and with cooling load requirements roughly in phase with the sun's intensity, cooling from intense solar radiation could make
Renewable_energy_in_Asia
Using sunlight for internal lighting
well as to balance the use of glazing to ensure more light and less cooling load. Architectural glass Circadian rhythm Daylight Daylight harvesting Daylight
Daylighting_(architecture)
Applies an electric current to heat or cool materials
battery. It can be used either for heating or for cooling, although in practice the main application is cooling since heating can be achieved with simpler devices
Thermoelectric_heat_pump
Facility used to house computer servers
capacity of the cooling systems to handle specific ambient temperatures. A power and cooling analysis can help identify hot spots, over-cooled areas that can
Data_center
Imitation of biological systems for the solving of human problems
additional natural cooling via evaporation, respiration and transpiration in plants. The damp plant substrate further support the cooling effect. Scientists
Biomimetics
Energy saving project for existing buildings
heating and cooling load demands of an altered building Improvement to or replacement of the existing distribution systems for heating, cooling, and/or hot
Deep_energy_retrofit
Heating or air-conditioning system
air at variable temperatures or air volumes to meet the heating and cooling loads as well as the ventilation rates required by the space. Most commonly
Variable_air_volume
District heating and cooling system using shared geothermal loops
through heat pumps, while buildings needing cooling reject heat back into the loop. Because heating and cooling loads may occur at different times across a
Thermal_energy_network
Water and air cooling project in Toronto, Canada
The Deep Lake Water Cooling System or DLWC is a deep water source cooling project in Toronto, Canada. As a renewable energy project, it involves running
Deep Lake Water Cooling System
Deep_Lake_Water_Cooling_System
British popular culture in the mid-1990s
George Michael said "Cool Britannia is a load of bollocks to me". Food and restaurant culture also formed part of the wider Cool Britannia phenomenon
Cool_Britannia
Temperature control device
times when the reduced amount of heating or cooling would not be objectionable. For example, during cooling season, a programmable thermostat used in a
Programmable_thermostat
1980s Soviet 30mm aircraft autocannon
gun uses an evaporation cooling system to prevent the detonation of a high explosive round inside a heated barrel. This cooling system consists of a cylindrical
Gryazev-Shipunov_GSh-30-1
Type of building facade
be vented out of the building to mitigate solar gain and decrease the cooling load. In each case the assumption is that a higher insulative value may be
Double-skin_facade
Using low external air temperatures to chill water
systems while achieving the same cooling result. Such systems can be made for single buildings or district cooling networks. For a human-powered version
Free_cooling
Movement of air
the use of natural ventilation may cause unintentional heating or cooling loads on a space and increase HVAC energy consumption to maintain comfortable
Airflow
Air conditioning system that allows for individual control of spaces
either be all in cooling or all in heating. Heat Recovery (HR) systems have the ability to simultaneously heat certain zones while cooling others; this is
Variable_refrigerant_flow
Electronic device that converts or regulates electric energy and supplies it to a load
unit. The types of cooling generally fall into two categories -- convection and conduction. Common convection methods for cooling electronic power supplies
Power_supply
District heating with very low temperatures
and cooling. Transmission temperatures in the range of approx. 10 to 25 °C (50–77 °F) are common, allowing different consumers to heat and cool simultaneously
Cold_district_heating
Type of technical drawing
fans Symbol legend, general notes and specific key notes Heating and/or cooling load summary Connection to existing systems Demolition of part or all of existing
Mechanical_systems_drawing
Cooling of air in an enclosed space
air conditioner or through other methods, such as passive cooling and ventilative cooling. Air conditioning is a member of a family of systems and techniques
Air_conditioning
Early 1900s American automobile
(air-cooled) 1907 to 1911 Model AW (water-cooled) 1912 to 1917 Model MA (air-cooled) load 800 lbs or Model MW (water-cooled) or Model MAX (air-cooled and
International Harvester Auto-Buggy
International_Harvester_Auto-Buggy
Serbian mechanical engineer and academic
envelopes, heating and cooling load modeling, solar radiation effects, and energy efficiency. He developed mathematical models for thermal load calculations that
Branislav_Todorović
For a building, the air temperature outdoors when the heat gained equals the heat lost
will need to be spent to heat the space, and cooling degree days (CDD), in which the space will need cooling (either through an input of energy or by natural
Balance_point_temperature
Facilities containing Google servers
environmental controls (mainly cooling and humidification control), and operations software (especially as concerns load balancing and fault tolerance)
Google_data_centers
Type of electrical switch
Some transfer switches allow for load shedding or prioritization of optional circuits, such as heating and cooling equipment. More complex emergency
Transfer_switch
Packaging material
film is extruded through a slot die, then passed over cooling rollers. This makes the cooling process quick. Cast films are more consistent and have
Stretch_wrap
Cooling output divided by electricity input, as a standard for HVAC systems
of air conditioners. The SEER rating of a device is the cooling output during a typical cooling-season divided by the total electric energy input during
Seasonal energy efficiency ratio
Seasonal_energy_efficiency_ratio
Role and use of available technology in World War II
efficiency, giving more speed and range to Allied Airplanes, and reducing the cooling load. The Treaty of Versailles had imposed severe restrictions upon Germany
Technology during World War II
Technology_during_World_War_II
Commercial offices in Albuquerque, New Mexico
exterior, white paint and tinted glass were used to reduce the building's cooling load. Each spandrel is faced with gold ceramic tile, which architect Max Flatow
Bank of the West Tower (Albuquerque)
Bank_of_the_West_Tower_(Albuquerque)
Property of substances to change colour due to a change in temperature
their temperature, making them an appropriate solution for combating cooling loads, without diminishing the building's thermal performance during the winter
Thermochromism
Lightweight, precast building material
structure, AAC offers thermal resistance that may help reduce heating and cooling loads in buildings. Fire resistance: AAC exhibits good fire resistance; its
Autoclaved_aerated_concrete
Energy consumption labelling scheme
cooling mode at full load the appliance type (cooling only, cooling/heating) the cooling mode (air- or water-cooled) the noise rating in dB (where applicable)
European_Union_energy_label
without solar access may also have less solar heat gain and thus reduced cooling load. The solar envelope is a space-time construct. Its spatial limits are
Solar_access
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