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Second period of the Neoproterozoic Era, with major glaciation
The Cryogenian (from Ancient Greek: κρύος, romanized: krýos, meaning "cold" and γένεσις, romanized: génesis, meaning "birth") is a geologic period that
Cryogenian
Third and last era of the Proterozoic Eon
the Tonian, Cryogenian and Ediacaran. One of the most severe glaciation events known in the geologic record occurred during the Cryogenian period of the
Neoproterozoic
Worldwide glaciation episodes during the Proterozoic eon
This global glaciation hypothesis is most commonly associated with the Cryogenian Period, which included two major glacial episodes: the Sturtian (c. 717–660
Snowball_Earth
First period of the Neoproterozoic Era
850 Mya for the lower Cryogenian and the first glaciations at 717 Mya did not match. This is temporary until the basal Cryogenian GSSP is chosen. Both
Tonian
Biological kingdom
within Bilateria. Animals first appeared in the fossil record in the late Cryogenian period and diversified in the subsequent Ediacaran period in what is known
Animal
System that relates geologic strata to time
system" "The ICS Subcommission for Cryogenian Stratigraphy has outlined a template to improve the pre-Cryogenian geologic time scale based on the rock
Geologic_time_scale
Geologic eon, 2500–539 million years ago
the Paleoproterozoic) and the hypothesized Snowball Earth (during the Cryogenian period in the late Neoproterozoic); and the Ediacaran period (635–538
Proterozoic
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
Hallmann C, Hoshino Y, Liyanage T (August 2017). "The rise of algae in Cryogenian oceans and the emergence of animals". Nature. 548 (7669): 578–581. Bibcode:2017Natur
Eukaryote
Period of worldwide glaciation during the Cryogenian period
(million years ago). It ended approximately 632.3 ± 5.9 Ma during the Cryogenian period. This glaciation possibly covered the entire planet, in an event
Marinoan_glaciation
Neoproterozoic surge in atmospheric oxygen
Late Tonian, between the end of the Boring Billion and the onset of the Cryogenian "Snowball Earth", marine deposits record a very significant positive carbon
Neoproterozoic oxygenation event
Neoproterozoic_oxygenation_event
Third and last period of the Neoproterozoic Era
the Neoproterozoic Era that spans 96 million years from the end of the Cryogenian Period 635 million years ago to the beginning of the Cambrian Period 538
Ediacaran
History of Earth 4600–539 million years ago
it from 538.8 to 635 Ma. In this period the Ediacaran biota appeared. Cryogenian: The middle period in the Neoproterozoic Era: 635-720 Ma. Tonian: the
Precambrian
Kaigas formation was later determined to be non-glacial. c. 720 Ma – Cryogenian Period starts, during which Earth freezes over (Snowball Earth or Slushball
Timeline_of_Earth
Sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Permian
Hypothesized superocean surrounding the supercontinent Rodinia in the Neoproterozoic Era
ocean. Geologic evidence suggests that the middle Neoproterozoic, the Cryogenian period, was an extreme ice age so intense that Mirovia may have been completely
Mirovia
Animals of the phylum Porifera
750 million years ago. Since 2009, some researchers have argued that during the Cryogenian Period, potentially the oldest known fossils of sponges were formed. However
Sponge
Hypothetical Neoproterozoic supercontinent
global climate around 717–635 Ma (the so-called Snowball Earth of the Cryogenian period) and the rapid evolution of primitive life during the subsequent
Rodinia
Opposing climate states on Earth
several icehouse periods in Earth's climate history, namely the Huronian, Cryogenian, Andean-Saharan (also known as Early Paleozoic), Late Paleozoic, Cretaceous
Greenhouse_and_icehouse_Earth
First period of the Mesozoic Era
Hoshino, Yosuke; Liyanage, Tharika (August 2017). "The rise of algae in Cryogenian oceans and the emergence of animals". Nature. 548 (7669): 578–581. doi:10
Triassic
Glacial Snowball Earth event about 700 million years ago
known as the Sturt glaciation, was a worldwide glaciation during the Cryogenian Period when the Earth experienced repeated large-scale glaciations. The
Sturtian_glaciation
First era of the Proterozoic Eon
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Paleoproterozoic
Geologic formation in South Australia
The Trezona Formation is a Cryogenian to Ediacaran aged geological formation in the central Flinders Ranges of South Australia. It contains a number of
Trezona_Formation
Period of long-term reduction in temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere
have been at least five major ice ages in Earth's history (the Huronian, Cryogenian, Andean-Saharan, late Paleozoic, and the latest Quaternary Ice Age). Outside
Ice_age
Superphylum of protostomes
S D C P T J K Pg N (Earliest age estimates range from 636 to 578 Ma (Cryogenian–Ediacaran boundary to mid- to late Ediacaran) based on molecular clock)
Ecdysozoa
Series of alternating glacial and interglacial periods
periods: the late Paleozoic (360–260 Ma), Andean-Saharan (450–420 Ma), Cryogenian (720–635 Ma) and Huronian (2,400–2,100 Ma). Within the Quaternary ice
Quaternary_glaciation
Fossil formation in south-central China
covers the poorly understood interval of time between the end of the Cryogenian geological period and the more familiar fauna of the Late Ediacaran Avalon
Doushantuo_Formation
Glacial-formed geographic feature
Chad, and Sudan. Cryogenian (or Sturtian-Varangian) 800–635 Cryogenian Neoproterozoic Tunnel valleys have been reported in the Cryogenian strata of Oman
Tunnel_valley
Subclade of green plants, also known as land plants
early Ordovician, or almost a billion years ago, during the Tonian or Cryogenian. They probably emerged from multicellular charophytes, a clade of freshwater
Embryophyte
Extinct enigmatic eukaryote
Statherian and the early Cambrian. Among the previously identified pre-Cryogenian macroalgae, Longfengshania is unique due to it possessing a stipe, blade
Longfengshania
Extinct genus of sponges
years. The oldest Otavia fossils are from the Tonian period, before the Cryogenian glaciations, but the latest found were from the Nama Group rocks of the
Otavia
Last period of the Mesoproterozoic Era
Ectasian. It would last into the Tonian period before breaking up in the Cryogenian. Rodinia was surrounded by the Mirovian ocean during this time. This closed
Stenian
Organism that consists of more than one cell
happened several times throughout the Earth's history, and during the Cryogenian, two snowball events happened in quick succession – the Sturtian and Marinoan
Multicellular_organism
Earth history, 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago
Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event) and two global glacial events (the Huronian and Cryogenian glaciations), the Boring Billion period itself actually had very low oxygen
Boring_Billion
Second era of the Proterozoic Eon
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Mesoproterozoic
Chronology of the major ice ages of the Earth
estimated to have occurred from 717 to 660 million years ago, in the Cryogenian Period, and it has been suggested that it produced a second "Snowball
Timeline_of_glaciation
Third and last period of the Mesozoic Era
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Cretaceous
American Antarctic researcher
of continental-interior sedimentation during the Sturtian glaciation, Cryogenian Period, in Rodinia, and evidence of a reduced Pliocene extent of the West
Christine_Siddoway
Central part of England
Malverns are formed of some of the oldest rock in England (dating from the Cryogenian period, at around 680 million years old) and extend for 8 miles (13 km)
Midlands
Main-belt asteroid
of material of the Chicxulub impact on Earth at the beginning of the Cryogenian geological period. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(495) Eulalia". Dictionary
495_Eulalia
Second period of the Paleozoic Era
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Ordovician
Life of the Ediacaran period
575 million years ago. This was after the Earth had thawed from the Cryogenian period's extensive glaciation. This biota largely disappeared with the
Ediacaran_biota
Gas layer surrounding Earth
injected further oxygenation into the air, especially after the end of the Cryogenian global glaciation, which was followed by an evolutionary radiation event
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Impact crater in Ostrobothnia, Finland
to more than 640 million years ago (Proterozoic, near the end of the Cryogenian). The crater's diameter is 6.6 kilometres (4.1 mi) and its maximum depth
Söderfjärden
Fourth period of the Paleozoic Era
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Devonian
Fifth period of the Paleozoic Era
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Carboniferous
First era of the Phanerozoic Eon
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Paleozoic
Records of Earth's development
Earth is more commonly used to describe later extreme ice ages during the Cryogenian period. There were four periods, each lasting about 10 million years,
History_of_Earth
Second period of the Mesozoic Era
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Jurassic
Hypothesized Neoproterozoic supercontinent
the Precambrian during the Pan-African orogeny (650–500 Ma), during the Cryogenian period, and broke apart 560 Ma with the opening of the Iapetus Ocean,
Pannotia
Class of sponges
demosponges may have appeared during the Precambrian deposits at the end of the Cryogenian "Snowball Earth" period. Their presence has been indirectly detected by
Demosponge
Third period of the Paleozoic Era
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Silurian
Statherian Mesoproterozoic Calymmian Ectasian Stenian Neoproterozoic Tonian Cryogenian Ediacaran Phanerozoic Paleozoic Cambrian Cambrian Explosion Ordovician
List_of_time_periods
First geological period of the Paleozoic Era
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Cambrian
Temperature anomaly event caused by a volcanic eruption
; Jansen, Malte F. (2017-11-03). "Snowball Earth climate dynamics and Cryogenian geology-geobiology". Science Advances. 3 (11) e1600983. Bibcode:2017SciA
Volcanic_winter
Wester Ross Supergroup. It is thought to be unconformably overlain by the Cryogenian to Cambrian Dalradian Supergroup. The supergroup is subdivided into three
Loch_Ness_Supergroup
Alwmark, S.; Minde, P.; Plado, P.; Hietala, S.; Whitehouse, M.J. (2024). "Cryogenian impact structure lurking in the shadows of northern Sweden". Meteoritics
List of impact structures on Earth
List_of_impact_structures_on_Earth
Organ central to the nervous system
thought to have descended from a common ancestor that appeared late in the Cryogenian period, 700–650 million years ago, and it has been hypothesized that this
Brain
Stage of the Cambrian period
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Cambrian_Stage_4
First subperiod of the Carboniferous Period
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Mississippian_(geology)
Phylum of photosynthesising prokaryotes
with the late evolution of marine planktonic cyanobacteria during the Cryogenian; both types of evidence help explain the late emergence and diversification
Cyanobacteria
Geology of state of Australia
as quartzite. After this there are many signs of glaciation from the Cryogenian, as well as the global warming that occurred at the start of the Ediacaran
Geology_of_Tasmania
Geologic formation in China
of silicious rock. The Lantian formation overlies diamictite from the Cryogenian. The fossils are preserved as carbonaceous films in a Burgess Shale type
Lantian_Formation
Second era of the Phanerozoic Eon
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Mesozoic
Stratigraphic Unit in Northwest Territories, Canada
Canada’s Northwest Territories. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cryogenian period. At the base of the Twitya Formation, it is primarily composed
Twitya_Formation
Scheme relating geologic strata to age
intention of subdividing the three systems of the Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran, Cryogenian and Tonian) into stages too. Systems can include many lithostratigraphic
Series_(stratigraphy)
Intrusive igneous rock
S. (2015). "Shonkinites from Salem, southern India: Implications for Cryogenian alkaline magmatism in rift-related setting". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
Shonkinite
Atmospheric constituent and greenhouse gas
end of the Snowball Earth glaciations marks the transition between the Cryogenian and Ediacaran Periods, and may have contributed to the radiation of metazoan
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Earth
Carbon_dioxide_in_the_atmosphere_of_Earth
fold and thrust belts. The rocks of the East Greenland orogen are mostly Cryogenian to Silurian sedimentary rocks overlying a basement of mainly Proterozoic
East_Greenland_Orogen
Series of rocks from the Lower Carboniferous
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Dinantian
2007 studio album by the Ocean
"Ectasian: De Profundis" 8:58 7. "Stenian: Mount Sorrow" 8:20 8. "Tonian: Confessions of a Dangerous Mind" 7:18 9. "Cryogenian" 3:32 Total length: 61:48
Precambrian_(album)
about 820–725 Ma (million years ago), predating the deposition of the Cryogenian to Cambrian Dalradian Supergroup. It is named after Knoydart, one of the
Knoydartian_Orogeny
Peninsula in Finnmark county, Norway
region, sedimentary rocks were deposited during the Tonian/early-mid Cryogenian (Barents Sea Group), followed by a depositional hiatus that lasted until
Varanger_Peninsula
development of geology as a science. All geological periods from the Cryogenian (late Precambrian) to the Jurassic are represented at outcrop, whilst
Geology_of_Wales
2022. Žárský, J.; Žárský, V.; Hanáček, M.; Žárský, V. (2022-01-27). "Cryogenian Glacial Habitats as a Plant Terrestrialisation Cradle – The Origin of
Timeline_of_life
Class of tetracyclic compounds derived from steroids
Hoshino, Yosuke; Liyanage, Tharika (2017-08-31). "The rise of algae in Cryogenian oceans and the emergence of animals". Nature. 548 (7669): 578–581. Bibcode:2017Natur
Sterane
age which occurred between roughly 630–590 Ma, the final part of the Cryogenian Period. This was followed by fluvial and shallow water marine deposits
Geology_of_Norway
Geological formation in Scotland and Ireland
Formation) is a sequence of glacigenic sedimentary rocks deposited during the Cryogenian period of the Neoproterozoic era, forming part of the Dalradian Supergroup
Port_Askaig_Tillite_Formation
Stage in the geological timescale named after the Urals
the ICS, it is replaced by the Calymmian, Ectasian, Stenian, Tonian and Cryogenian periods of the Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic eras. During the Riphean
Riphean_age
Topics referred to by the same term
Varanger may refer to: Varanger Peninsula of Norway Cryogenian (also called Varanger glaciation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
Varanger
Professor of geobiology
Ice' of the McMurdo Ice Shelf: Analogues for biological oases during the Cryogenian Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater
Roger_Everett_Summons
Late-Proterozoic to early-Palaeozoic continent
from the Equator towards the South Pole where they were affected by the Cryogenian Varanger glaciations. Initial rifting between the two continents is marked
Baltica
American paleontologist
Fellows Committee. During 2012–20 she was secretary of the Subcommission on Cryogenian Stratigraphy. Since 2008 Porter has been a member of the Editorial Advisory
Susannah_M._Porter
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
Siderian Rhyacian Orosirian Statherian Calymmian Ectasian Stenian Tonian Cryogenian Ediacaran Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian
Protist
Second epoch of the Devonian period
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Middle_Devonian
Ice age around the beginning of the Cambrian Period
– −675 — – −650 — – −625 — – −600 — – −575 — – −550 — – −525 — Tonian Cryogenian Ediacaran Cambrian Sturtian Marinoan Gaskiers Baykonurian Neoproterozoic
Baykonurian_glaciation
Marine bacteria and marine archaea
i c P r o t e r o z o i c A r c h e a n H a d e a n Pongola Huronian Cryogenian (million years ago) Marine prokaryotes have been the dominant life form
Marine_prokaryotes
Small archipelago in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland
amounts of siltstones and dolomites. There are two candidates within the Cryogenian period for the glacial interval represented by the Port Askaig Tillites
Garvellachs
Genus of Ediacaran animals
Aspidella is also a homonym for the mushroom genus Saproamanita. Aspidella is an Ediacaran disk-shaped fossil of uncertain affinity. It is known from the
Aspidella
in the Suvasvesi lake. Suvasvesi S Simple? Complex? ~4 450 679 727 710 Cryogenian, possibly but unlikely Tonian 62°35′33″N 28°12′51″E / 62.5924°N 28.2143°E
Impact_structures_in_Finland
Major geological province in Australia
Strauss, Justin V.; Brandon, Alan D.; Macdonald, Francis A. (2015). "A Cryogenian chronology: Two long-lasting synchronous Neoproterozoic glaciations".
Adelaide_Superbasin
Change in the statistical distribution of climate elements for an extended period
Eli; et al. (1 November 2017). "Snowball Earth climate dynamics and Cryogenian geology-geobiology". Science Advances. 3 (11) e1600983. Bibcode:2017SciA
Climate variability and change
Climate_variability_and_change
Lake in Republic of Karelia, Russia
lake was formed by meteorite impact 700±5 million years ago during the Cryogenian period. The crater is 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) in diameter. Prior to World
Lake_Yanisyarvi
Genus of cnidarians
Ediacaria is a nomen dubium fossil genus dating to the Ediacaran Period of the Neoproterozoic Era. Unlike most Ediacaran biota, which disappeared almost
Ediacaria
Swedish chain of table mountains
was limited to simple bacteria and single-celled organisms. During the Cryogenian, 850–635 Ma, multiple global ice ages caused near-global glaciation. Glacial
Västgötabergen
Hypothesis that multicellular life may be self-destructive
Strauss, Justin V.; Brandon, Alan D.; Macdonald, Francis A. (2015). "A Cryogenian chronology: Two long-lasting synchronous Neoproterozoic glaciations".
Medea_hypothesis
Lake bordering a glacier or ice sheet
Channel. Former periglacial lakes are known to have existed as early as the Cryogenian period, though many were also formed in the Pleistocene period. Environments
Periglacial_lake
Geological formation in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan
and lower boundaries with Terreneuvian shale and granosyenite of Tonian-Cryogenian boundary age respectively, although in places it does underlie the Koktal
Baykonur_Formation
American geophysicist
Donnadieu Y, Erwin DH, Fairchild IJ. Snowball Earth climate dynamics and Cryogenian geology-geobiology. Science Advances. 2017 Nov 1;3(11):e1600983. [1] open
Dorian_Abbot
Second age of the Miaolingian epoch
Eon (539 Ma–2.5 Ga) Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga) Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga) Stenian (1–1
Drumian
Study of changes in ancient climate
Earth's history, and lasted from 2400 to 2100 million years ago. The Cryogenian glaciation lasted from 720 to 635 million years ago. The Andean-Saharan
Paleoclimatology
CRYOGENIAN
CRYOGENIAN
CRYOGENIAN
CRYOGENIAN
Surname or Lastname
English, German, Danish, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
English, German, Danish, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Wild.Thomas Wilder is recorded as a freeman of Charlestown, MA, in 1640. He had numerous prominent descendents.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Pure; Clear; Distinguished
Girl/Female
Australian, British, Christian, English, Latin
Precious; A Gem of the Sea
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Friend of Sky
Girl/Female
Hindu
Girl/Female
American, British, Celebrity, Christian, Czech, Czechoslovakian, English, Hindu, Indian, Sindhi
River; Anointed; An Instrument; Christ's Follower
Girl/Female
Indian
Pretty
Boy/Male
Sikh
Dignity
Boy/Male
French, German, Hebrew
Son of Prophecy
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
The Oldest Style of North Indian Classical
CRYOGENIAN
CRYOGENIAN
CRYOGENIAN
CRYOGENIAN
CRYOGENIAN