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Substance used to protect biological tissue from freezing damage
A cryoprotectant is a substance used to protect biological tissue from freezing damage (i.e. that due to ice formation). Arctic and Antarctic insects,
Cryoprotectant
Procedure to preserve sperm cells
such as feminizing hormone therapy and orchiectomies. The most common cryoprotectant used for semen is glycerol (10% in culture medium). Often sucrose or
Semen_cryopreservation
Freezing of a corpse with the intent of future revival
legally dead. Procedures may begin within minutes of death, and use cryoprotectants to try to prevent ice formation during cryopreservation.[better source needed]
Cryonics
Species of insect
followed by the rest of the body. It survives being frozen by producing a cryoprotectant in its tissues. This freezing occurs outside of body cells, but not
Pyrrharctia_isabella
Organosulfur chemical compound used as a solvent
In cryobiology DMSO has been used as a cryoprotectant and is still an important constituent of cryoprotectant vitrification mixtures used to preserve
Dimethyl_sulfoxide
Process to preserve biological matter
limiting the damage produced by the cryoprotectant itself due to cryoprotectant toxicity. Mixtures of cryoprotectants and the use of ice blockers have enabled
Cryopreservation
Species of amphibian
capacity of its liver to exude and flush the bloodstream with a glucose cryoprotectant which acts both as an anti-freeze in its blood, and allows organs like
Spring_peeper
Chemical compound
threitol is found in the edible fungus Armillaria mellea. It serves as a cryoprotectant (antifreeze agent) in the Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides. Antifreeze
Threitol
Species of amphibian
These frogs are one of the very few that can mobilize glycerol as a cryoprotectant. Glycerol production is low when the temperature is warmer, but when
Cope's_gray_treefrog
Liquid additive
growth and recrystallization of ice that would otherwise be fatal. Cryoprotectants are commonly used in cryobiology to prevent or inhibit freezing in
Antifreeze
Order of insects
proteins. The Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides can survive −60 °C: its cryoprotectants are xylomannan, a molecule consisting of a sugar bound to a fatty acid
Beetle
Species of amphibian
to freeze solid and survive thawing. The frog makes use of various cryoprotectants i.e. antifreeze that decrease its internal freezing temperature. The
Moor_frog
Chemical compound
sorbitol, because of its high refractive index. Sorbitol is used as a cryoprotectant additive (mixed with sucrose and sodium polyphosphates) in the manufacture
Sorbitol
Chemical compound
to the depression of the freezing temperature. It is also used as a cryoprotectant where the glycerol is dissolved in water to reduce damage by ice crystals
Glycerol
Subfamily of moths
can survive freezing at moderate subzero temperatures by producing a cryoprotectant chemical. The larvae of another species, Phragmatobia fuliginosa, may
Arctiinae
Meat paste, usually made from fish
use of sucrose, or other carbohydrates, such as sorbitol, acted as a cryoprotectant by stabilizing the actomyosin in the surimi without denaturing the fish
Surimi
CH3NO, simplest amide
gives hydrogen gas and potassium cyanate. Formamide is a constituent of cryoprotectant vitrification mixtures used for cryopreservation of tissues and organs
Formamide
Chemical compound
de-icing agent. In structural biology, sodium formate can be used as a cryoprotectant for X-ray diffraction experiments on protein crystals, which are typically
Sodium_formate
Separation of individual sperm from semen
without L-glutamine, warmed to 37 °C (99 °F). A chemical known as a cryoprotectant is added to the sperm to aid the freezing and thawing process. Further
Sperm_washing
Chemical compound
in the environment. In the laboratory it is a common precipitant and cryoprotectant in protein crystallography. Since hexylene glycol is compatible with
2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
Commercial cloning of animals
material from somatic cells that were unfrozen or were frozen with cryoprotectant (to avoid cell damage caused by freezing), successful dog cloning in
Commercial_animal_cloning
American physiologist
the discovery of trehalose as a cryoprotectant for cell membranes and the use of trehalose and other cryoprotectants for the preservation of human blood
John_H._Crowe
Transformation of a substance into a glass
produced naturally by organisms living in polar regions are called cryoprotectants. One study suggests that, during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in
Vitrification
American computer scientist, author and futurist (born 1948)
cryonics company. After his death, he has a plan to be perfused with cryoprotectants, vitrified in liquid nitrogen, and stored at an Alcor facility in the
Ray_Kurzweil
Procedure to preserve a woman's eggs (oocytes)
this, the egg must be dehydrated before freezing. This is done using cryoprotectants which replace most of the water within the cell and inhibit the formation
Oocyte_cryopreservation
Genus of wasps
from their worker sisters by having increased levels of fat stores and cryoprotectant carbohydrate compounds (allowing them to survive the overwintering period)
Polistes
common cryoprotectant permeation into rice callus by CARS microscopy." This article was about how cryoprotectants work with cells. Cryoprotectants are proteins
Nancy_E._Levinger
Preserving an embryo at sub-zero temperatures
(-23000 °C/min) that these crystals do not appear. Still, the amount of cryoprotectant used in the vitrification is crucial: too much is toxic for the embryo;
Embryo_cryopreservation
New technologies actively in development
trials Gene therapy, cancer therapy Virotherapy, Oncolytic Virus Vitrification or cryoprotectant Research, some experiments Organ transplantation, cryonics
List_of_emerging_technologies
Survival strategies of insects during winter
result, cryoprotectants like glycerol decrease the amount of ice that forms outside of cells and reduce cellular dehydration. Insect cryoprotectants are also
Insect_winter_ecology
Species of butterfly
surviving beneath snow by physiological processes that may involve cryoprotectants. Their developmental success at higher latitudes has been attributed
Papilio_rutulus
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with G
cryogenics, cryomicroscopy, cryoneurolysis, cryonics, cryopreservation, cryoprotectant, cryosphere, cryosurgery, cryotherapy, cryovolcano -cry wail, shriek
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/A–G
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/A–G
Pregnancy through in vivo fertilization
frozen, the semen is mixed with a solution containing glycerol or other cryoprotectants. An extender is a solution that allows the semen from a donor to impregnate
Artificial_insemination
Species of cephalopod
2019). "Partial Characterization of a Low-Molecular-Mass Fraction with Cryoprotectant Activity from Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus gigas) Mantle Muscle". Food Technology
Humboldt_squid
American psychologist (1893–1967)
subject titled We Froze the First Man. Compared to the modern use of cryoprotectants, the methods employed in Bedford's case were primitive. He was injected
James_Bedford
Species of amphibian
in response to internal ice formation. Both urea and glucose act as cryoprotectants to limit the amount of ice that forms and to reduce osmotic shrinkage
Wood_frog
Extinct genus of amphibians
gene banking amphibian maternal germ lines: short-term incubation, cryoprotectant tolerance and cryopreservation of embryonic cells of the frog, Limnodynastes
Gastric-brooding_frog
Component of blood aiding in coagulation
frozen for long-term storage, typically using dimethyl sulfoxide as a cryoprotectant. They have been investigated as an alternative to conventional liquid-stored
Platelet
Chemical compound
Glycerol, Other Polyols, Trehalose, and Raffinose to Provide a Defined Cryoprotectant Medium for Mouse Sperm Cryopreservation". Cryobiology. 37 (1): 46–58
Raffinose
Species of amphibian
themselves by increasing their levels of blood glucose to serve as a cryoprotectant. As a result, common frogs must rely on behavioral thermoregulation
Common_frog
Topics referred to by the same term
1970s and 1980s in Congo-Brazzaville M22, a vitrification agent or cryoprotectant, used in cryonics and cryopreservation The Mathieu group M22 in the
M22
Phase transition of liquid to solid
below the freezing point of water. Most living organisms accumulate cryoprotectants such as anti-nucleating proteins, polyols, and glucose to protect themselves
Freezing
Species of grasshopper
"Effects of rapid cold-hardening and cold acclimation on egg survival and cryoprotectant contents in Ceracris kiangsu (Orthoptera: Arcypteridae)". Annals of
Ceracris_kiangsu
Species of fly
to the solute-rich extracellular environment, switching places with cryoprotectant molecules like glycerol, thus protecting the larva's tissues. Upregulation
Goldenrod_gall_fly
Genus of bacteria
PMID 12648835. Bayles D. O.; Wilkinson B. J. (2000). "Osmoprotectants and cryoprotectants for Listeria monocytogenes". Letters in Applied Microbiology. 30 (1):
Listeria
Technique used for determining crystal structures and identifying mineral compounds
crack if flash-frozen; therefore, they are generally pre-soaked in a cryoprotectant solution before freezing. This pre-soak may itself cause the crystal
X-ray_crystallography
Study of effects of extreme low temperatures on life
of substances which protect the cells during freezing and thawing (cryoprotectants), 3) preservation of organs under hypothermic conditions for transplantation
Cryobiology
Oxygen-delivering blood cell and the most common type of blood cell
conserved for 5 weeks at −79 °C or −110 °F, or over 10 years using cryoprotectants) This practice is hard to detect but may endanger the human cardiovascular
Red_blood_cell
Low temperature dehydration process
reconstituted into a live, functional state. An excipient, more specifically a cryoprotectant, may be required. Prokaryotes and yeast are relatively easy to freeze-dry
Freeze_drying
Medical procedure to replace blood or immune stem cells
(2019). "Cryopreservation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Emerging Assays, Cryoprotectant Agents, and Technology to Improve Outcomes". Transfusion Medicine and
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Hematopoietic_stem_cell_transplantation
Reversible cryopreservation of live biological objects
irreversible inactivation of intracellular enzymes. Cryopreservation Cryoprotectant Hibernation Renfret (1968) (Renfret A.P. Cryobiology: some fundamentals
Cryostasis (clathrate hydrates)
Cryostasis_(clathrate_hydrates)
preservation methods. On the same day, a separate study reports new cryoprotectant solvents, tested with cells, that could preserve organs by the latter
2022_in_science
Method of assisted reproduction
procedures. It may be washed after thawing for use in IUI procedures. A cryoprotectant semen extender is added if the sperm is to be placed in frozen storage
Sperm_donation
Chemical compound
as a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Biostasis Cryoprotectant Cryptobiosis Freeze drying Lentztrehalose Trehalosamine IMCTA-C14 Higashiyama
Trehalose
Species of wasp
trehalose than workers, leading to higher cryoprotectant levels. P. exclamans use these sugars as cryoprotectant, which work by increasing the solute concentration
Polistes_exclamans
American seafood catcher/processor
long liners in purchase of Pacific Longline Company ASC closes its cryoprotectant additive plant in Kent 2002 – American Seafoods Group acquires Southern
American_Seafoods
Species of moth
Serianni, A.S. (1989). "Cold-induced mitochondrial degradation and cryoprotectant synthesis in freeze-tolerant arctic caterpillars". J. Comp. Physiol
Gynaephora_groenlandica
Facility that allocates human semen
the semen sample, and increases the number of sperm that survive. A cryoprotectant semen extender is conducted if the semen sample is placed in a freezer
Sperm_bank
Pharmaceutical drug
when treated with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, a common drug solvent and cryoprotectant frequently used for cell culture freezing) at 280 mmolar. Memorial Sloan-Kettering
Vorinostat
Study of the effects of temperature on biology
response to internal ice formation. Both urea and glucose act as "cryoprotectants" to limit the amount of ice that forms and to reduce osmotic shrinkage
Thermobiology
Liver cell type
including freezing and thawing. Even after the addition of classical cryoprotectants there is still damage done while being cryopreserved. Nevertheless
Hepatocyte
Process of isolating DNA from cells
Another method is freezing the DNA in a buffer such as TE buffer, or in a cryoprotectant such as glycerol or DMSO, at -20 or -80 degrees Celsius. This method
DNA_extraction
Class of peptides which help cells survive freezing conditions
freezing. Some freeze tolerant species are thought to use AFPs as cryoprotectants to prevent the damage of freezing, but not freezing altogether. The
Antifreeze_protein
Wild animal shelter
such as using anti-freeze proteins or cryoprotectants in freeze-avoidant insects, like soybean aphids. Cryoprotectants are toxic, with high concentrations
Hibernaculum_(zoology)
Surgical procedure that removes organs or tissues for reuse
improve machine perfusion and alternative approaches such as novel cryoprotectant solvents to improve organ viability and availability – such as by increasing
Organ_procurement
Species of beetle
PMID 19934038. Walters KR Jr; Pan Q; Serianni AS; Duman JG (2009). "Cryoprotectant biosynthesis and the selective accumulation of threitol in the freeze-tolerant
Upis_ceramboides
preservation methods. On the same day, a separate study reports new cryoprotectant solvents, tested with cells, that could preserve organs by the latter
Timeline_of_biotechnology
Species of fungus
viability in edible mushrooms after freezing in liquid nitrogen without a cryoprotectant". Cryobiology. 47 (1): 14–20. doi:10.1016/S0011-2240(03)00064-6. PMID 12963408
Lentinula_boryana
Liquid diluent used as a preservative
of freezing extenders, one or more penetrating cryoprotectants will be added. Typical cryoprotectants include glycerol, DMSO and dimethylformamide. Egg
Semen_extender
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with C
cryogenics, cryomicroscopy, cryoneurolysis, cryonics, cryopreservation, cryoprotectant, cryosphere, cryosurgery, cryotherapy, cryovolcano -cry wail, shriek
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/C
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/C
Species of freshwater fish
November 2019. Samorn Kwantong; Amrit N Bart (August 2003). "Effect of cryoprotectants, extenders and freezing rates on the fertilization rate of frozen striped
Giant_pangasius
Scientific study
representative samples of each population are frozen with glycerol as a cryoprotectant at 500-generation (75-day) intervals. The bacteria in these samples
E. coli long-term evolution experiment
E._coli_long-term_evolution_experiment
US cryobiologist and businessman
Medicine from INPEX in 1995 for his invention of computerized organ cryoprotectant perfusion technology. In 2005, he was recognized as a Fellow of the
Greg_Fahy
Red blood cells separated for blood transfusion
referred to as the high- and the low-glycerol method. Glycerol serves as cryoprotectant in both. The high-glycerol method uses 40% weight/volume glycerol, a
Packed_red_blood_cells
Species of bacterium
A.; Aymerich, T.; Garriga, M. (2014-11-06). "Impact of different cryoprotectants on the survival of freeze-dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus
Lacticaseibacillus_paracasei
Place where blood donations are collected
years. The cells are incubated in a glycerol solution which acts as a cryoprotectant ("antifreeze") within the cells. The units are then placed in special
Blood_bank
Type of cell culture
added to a flask or bioreactor containing media. Depending upon the cryoprotectant agent, the cells might need to be washed to avoid deleterious effects
Suspension_culture
Species of bacterium
also be cryopreserved using 1% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotectant. Ungerer and colleagues, 2018, used CRISPR/Cpf1, to perform a mutational
Synechococcus_elongatus
Component of vaccines
particles of lower surface area. In either case, there are a number of cryoprotectants such as glycerine that can be added to the typical vial of aluminum
Immunologic_adjuvant
Topics referred to by the same term
Antifreeze, agent for de-icing outdoor surfaces Antifreeze protein Cryoprotectant This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Antifreeze
Antifreeze_(disambiguation)
Species of annelid worm
such cold comes from their very low water content and the presence of cryoprotectant compounds such as sorbitol. In cold climates the adults die off and
Bimastos_rubidus
cryopreserved at −80 °C or under liquid nitrogen regimes using optimized cryoprotectant matrices to ensure long-term phenotypic viability. For complex whole-microbiome
UK_Crop_Microbiome_Cryobank
Cross-link Cyborg Cynthia Kenyon Cryobiology Cryonics Cryopreservation Cryoprotectant Daily values de Grey, Dr. Aubrey De Grey Technology Review controversy
Index of topics related to life extension
Index_of_topics_related_to_life_extension
Gardening technique
respiration and consumption of intracellular sugars that function as cryoprotectants (Ogren 1997). Also, depletion of carbohydrate reserves impairs the
Transplanting
Species of thyme-moss from old-growth boreal forests
easily discerned with a lens. Experiments to determine the efficacy of cryoprotectants show that the leaf covering is relatively impermeable to sugars, proline
Plagiomnium_affine
Human colon cancer cell line
90% fetal bovine serum and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DMSO is a cryoprotectant to minimize ice crystal formation and cellular damage during freezing
HT-29
Organ preservation technique
temperature preservation methods. Alternative approaches include novel cryoprotectant solvents. There is a novel organ perfusion system under development
Machine_perfusion
Extinct species of frog
gene banking amphibian maternal germ lines: short-term incubation, cryoprotectant tolerance and cryopreservation of embryonic cells of the frog, Limnodynastes
Rheobatrachus_vitellinus
Turkish biomedical engineer (born 1958)
As part of that work, he proposed acetylated trehalose as a novel cryoprotectant. Toner's later work includes bio-sensing, regenerative medicine, and
Mehmet_Toner
British cryobiologist (1915–1981)
glycerol in cryopreservation, and she discovered the first practical cryoprotectant molecule. In 1969, Smith was a joint winner with Polge and Parkes of
Audrey_Smith
Salt water trapped in sea ice
abundance within sea ice, the amount of DMSP produced within sea ice as a cryoprotectant and osmoregulator can be impactful. In addition to pennate diatoms,
Sea_ice_brine_pocket
Method of assisted reproduction
less than those achieved with fresh embryos. Recently, the use of cryoprotectants such as ethylene glycol has permitted the direct transfer of bovine
Embryo_transfer
Animal gene preservation at very low temperatures
cryoprotectant increase. Due to osmosis, the water from the cells enters the medium to keep the concentrations of sugars, salts, and cryoprotectant equal
Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources
Cryoconservation_of_animal_genetic_resources
Species of fungus
temperatures by elevating levels of unsaturated fats and compounds with cryoprotectant properties such as trehalose and various polyols. The enzyme systems
Geomyces_pannorum
Groups of microorganisms living within and at the interfaces of sea ice
important role in sea ice environments where they act as a buffer and cryoprotectant against high salinity and ice-crystal damage. These exopolymers are
Sea_ice_microbial_communities
Extinct species of frog
gene banking amphibian maternal germ lines: short-term incubation, cryoprotectant tolerance and cryopreservation of embryonic cells of the frog, Limnodynastes
Rheobatrachus_silus
Nonprofit organization
patient, and replace his blood with a blood substitute containing cryoprotectants. For several years thereafter, Cryovita Laboratories led by Jerry Leaf
American_Cryonics_Society
Polymers with cationic and anionic groups
adjustable charge properties. Furthermore, polyampholytes serve as cryoprotectants in cryopreservation, stabilizing biological samples like cells and
Polyampholytes
technologically 1973 Ms. Dr. Audrey Smith, Stanmore, England, Introduction of cryoprotectants; cryobiology 1979 Dr. J.E. Kunzler, Bell Labs., USA, Superconductivity
Kamerlingh_Onnes_Award
Professor of Biomedical Technologies
2019). "Marker-Independent In Situ Quantitative Assessment of Residual Cryoprotectants in Cardiac Tissues". Analytical Chemistry. 91 (3): 2266–2272. doi:10
Katja_Schenke-Layland
CRYOPROTECTANT
CRYOPROTECTANT
CRYOPROTECTANT
CRYOPROTECTANT
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Sanskrit
Spotless; Pure; Tree
Girl/Female
Tamil
Greatest champion
Girl/Female
American, Finnish, French, German, Latin
Free Woman; Little and Womanly
Girl/Female
Hindu
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hill 1.English : from a pet form of Hugh.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, Greek, Swedish
Ivy Plant; Climber; A Climbing Evergreen Ornamental Plant; Valuable Coral Beads; Ivy Tree
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Firm
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Traditional
Soft Spoken Girl
Boy/Male
Tamil
One who gives light
CRYOPROTECTANT
CRYOPROTECTANT
CRYOPROTECTANT
CRYOPROTECTANT
CRYOPROTECTANT