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The Data Reference Model (DRM) is one of the five reference models of the Federal Enterprise Architecture. The DRM is a framework whose primary purpose
Data_Reference_Model
Reference model for network communication
interconnection." In the OSI reference model, the components of a communication system are distinguished in seven abstraction layers: Physical, Data Link, Network,
OSI_model
Creating a model of the data in a system
data model may require multiple logical data models. The last step in data modeling is transforming the logical data model to a physical data model that
Data_modeling
Abstract model
A data model is an abstract model that organizes elements of data and standardizes how they relate to one another and to the properties of real-world
Data_model
Data used to classify or categorize other data
Reference data is data used to classify or categorize other data. Typically, they are static or slowly changing over time. Examples of reference data
Reference_data
Abstract model used as reference
A reference model—in systems, enterprise, and software engineering—is an abstract framework or domain-specific ontology consisting of an interlinked set
Reference_model
Reference enterprise architecture of a federal government
performance reference model, business reference model, service component reference model, data reference model and technical reference model. It is designed
Federal enterprise architecture
Federal_enterprise_architecture
Conceptual model of bibliographic information
The IFLA Library Reference Model (IFLA LRM) is a conceptual entity–relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations
IFLA_Library_Reference_Model
Performance Reference Model (PRM) Business Reference Model (BRM) Service Component Reference Model (SRM) Technical Reference Model (TRM) Data Reference Model (DRM)
Business_reference_model
Systems analysis concept
logical model database tables is sometimes referred to as a HasAndBelongsToMany (HABTM) relationship. Associative entity One-to-one (data model) One-to-many
Many-to-many_(data_model)
Database modeling method
Datavault or data vault modeling is a database modeling method that is designed to provide long-term historical storage of data coming in from multiple
Data_vault_modeling
Standardised data model for information exchange
common data model (CDM) can refer to any standardised data model which allows for data and information exchange between different applications and data sources
Common_data_model
A reference atmospheric model describes how the ideal gas properties (namely: pressure, temperature, density, and molecular weight) of an atmosphere change
Reference_atmospheric_model
Framework for communication protocols used in IP networking
Force (IETF). The Internet protocol suite predates the OSI model, a more comprehensive reference framework for general networking systems. The Internet protocol
Internet_protocol_suite
Reference model for enterprise architecture
Open-system environment (OSE) reference model (RM) or OSE reference model (OSE/RM) is a 1990 reference model for enterprise architecture. It provides a
Open-system environment reference model
Open-system_environment_reference_model
Theoretical framework
object-role modeling, and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Data flow modeling (DFM) is a basic conceptual modeling technique that graphically represents
Conceptual_model
Knowledge representation language
The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) provides an extensible ontology for concepts and information in cultural heritage and museum documentation
CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model
CIDOC_Conceptual_Reference_Model
reference model is an example of a reference model for information visualization, developed by Ed Chi in 1999, under the name of the data state model
Information visualization reference model
Information_visualization_reference_model
Model or diagram describing interrelated things
of what is to be included within the model set. The conceptual ER model normally defines master reference data entities that are commonly used by the
Entity–relationship_model
Standard data modeling language for product data
language defined in ISO 10303-11, the EXPRESS Language Reference Manual. An EXPRESS data model can be defined in two ways, textually and graphically.
EXPRESS (data modeling language)
EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)
Reference model for enterprise architecture
Physical and Logical Architectures. Purdue Reference Model for CIM including Generic Reference Data Flow Models. Example Logical System Architectures from
Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture
Purdue_Enterprise_Reference_Architecture
standard data model, or simply standard data model, is a data model that is widely used in a particular industry. The use of standard data models makes the
Industry_standard_data_model
Database model
data model (SDM) is a high-level semantics-based database description and structuring formalism (database model) for databases. This database model is
Semantic_data_model
Tasks in machine learning
predictions on data. Such algorithms function by making data-driven predictions or decisions, through building a mathematical model from input data. These input
Training, validation, and test data sets
Training,_validation,_and_test_data_sets
Representation of an organization's data
opposed to a conceptual data model, which describes the semantics of an organization without reference to technology. Logical data models represent the abstract
Logical_schema
Method of spatial referencing
Linear Referenced Data (ARNOLD) Reference Manual" (PDF). Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved 15 November 2016. Intergraph. "An LRS Model Supporting
Linear_referencing
Generalization of a conventional data model with standardised general relation types
Generic data models are generalizations of conventional data models. They define standardised general relation types, together with the kinds of things
Generic_data_model
The Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) is a digital elevation model (DEM) that covers almost the entire continent of Antarctica at a resolution
Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica
Reference_Elevation_Model_of_Antarctica
Enterprise data modelling or enterprise data modeling (EDM) is the practice of creating a graphical model of the data used by an enterprise or company
Enterprise_data_modelling
Topics referred to by the same term
the acronym by the Defective by Design movement Data Reference Model, one of the five reference models of the Federal Enterprise Architecture Digital Radio
DRM
The Global Justice XML Data Model (GJXDM or Global JXDM) is a data reference model for the exchange of information within the justice and public safety
Global_Justice_XML_Data_Model
Design of geospatial data storage
A geographic data model, geospatial geographical measurements, or simply data from modules in the context of geographic information systems (GIS), is a
Data_model_(GIS)
Process of defining correspondences and transformations between data models
data management, data mapping is the process of defining correspondences and transformation rules between data represented in a source model and data
Data_mapping
Data analysis is the process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions
Data_analysis
Database design tool
Toad Data Modeler is a database design tool allowing users to visually create, maintain, and document new or existing database systems, and to deploy changes
Toad_Data_Modeler
Communications enerprise frameworks
Information Framework (formally Shared Information/Data Model or SID) is a unified reference data model providing a single set of terms for business objects
Frameworx
Markup language which enables the management and distribution of weather data
The Weather Information Exchange Model (WXXM) is designed to enable the management and distribution of weather data in digital format (XML). WXXM version
WXXM_(data_model)
Abstract representation of an organization
Enterprise modelling is the process of building models of whole or part of an enterprise with process models, data models, resource models and/or new
Enterprise_modelling
Degradation of AI models trained on synthetic data
degradation of machine learning models from uncurated synthetic data, or from training on the outputs of another model, such as a prior versions of itself
Model_collapse
The term Digital Earth Reference Model (DERM) was coined by Tim Foresman in context with a vision for an all encompassing geospatial platform as an abstract
Digital_Earth_Reference_Model
Process reference model
The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model is a process reference model originally developed and endorsed by the Supply Chain Council, now a part
Supply chain operations reference
Supply_chain_operations_reference
Relational database programming language
Codd's relational model. The model was described in his influential 1970 paper, "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks". Despite not
SQL
Organized collection of data in computing
considerations, including data modeling, efficient data representation and storage, query languages, security and privacy of sensitive data, and distributed computing
Database
Core architecture data model (CADM) in enterprise architecture is a logical data model of information used to describe and build architectures. The CADM
Core_architecture_data_model
Independent Reference Model (I.R.M.) is a conceptual model used in the analysis of storage system: disk drives, caches, etc. Under this model the references to
Independent_Reference_Model
Type of data model
database model is a type of data model that determines the logical structure of a database. It fundamentally determines in which manner data can be stored
Database_model
Values that a data element may contain
The data domain for the marital status column is: "M", "S". In a normalized data model, the reference domain is typically specified in a reference table
Data_domain
Database model
The relational model (RM) is an approach to managing data using a structure and language consistent with first-order predicate logic, first described in
Relational_model
Case of database modeling
Bitemporal modeling is a specific case of temporal database information modeling technique designed to handle historical data along two different timelines
Bitemporal_modeling
Flight instrument
air data inertial reference unit (ADIRU) is a key component of the integrated air data inertial reference system (ADIRS), which supplies air data (airspeed
Air data inertial reference unit
Air_data_inertial_reference_unit
Type of data modeling language
Information Modeling (IDEF1X) is a data modeling language for the development of semantic data models. IDEF1X is used to produce a graphical information model which
IDEF1X
Standard for e-learning
Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) is a collection of standards and specifications for web-based electronic educational technology (also
Sharable Content Object Reference Model
Sharable_Content_Object_Reference_Model
SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character
List of XML and HTML character entity references
List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references
Standard for data integration
the present ISO 15926 developers. Having developed a generic data model and reference data library for process plants, it turned out that this subject
ISO_15926
reduce the need for performing data model transformation when services exchange messages that reference the same data model. The interaction between services
Canonical_schema_pattern
The OGC Reference Model describes a framework for the ongoing work of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and their specifications and implementing interoperable
OGC_Reference_Model
Class of statistical survival models
survival data is called application of the Cox proportional hazards model, sometimes abbreviated to Cox model or to proportional hazards model. However
Proportional_hazards_model
Artificial intelligence model paradigm
Research on Foundation Models (CRFM) coined the term "foundation model" in August 2021 to mean "any model that is trained on broad data (generally using self-supervision
Foundation_model
Algorithmically generated data that have a similar distribution as sampled data
validate mathematical models and to train machine learning models. Data generated by a computer simulation can be seen as synthetic data. This encompasses
Synthetic_data
Discrete, discontinuous representation of information
data also serves as the main input for data science, where data is collected, processed, analyzed, and modeled using methods from statistics, computer
Digital_data
Flaw in mathematical modelling
therefore fail to fit to additional data or predict future observations reliably. An overfitted model is a mathematical model that contains more parameters
Overfitting
European Reference Data Model for Public Transport Information
Transmodel, also known as Reference Data Model For Public Transport (EN 12896), is a European Standard for modelling and exchanging public transport information
Transmodel
Cloud computing term regarding readily-available data for consumers
APIs have rendered the platform on which the data resides as irrelevant. Data as a service as a business model is a concept when two or more organizations
Data_as_a_service
Reference library for performance metrics
metrics reference model (MRM) is the reference model created by the Consortium for Advanced Management-International (CAM-I) to be a single reference library
Metrics_Reference_Model
Form of causal modeling that fit networks of constructs to data
observed data in terms of a smaller number of 'structural' parameters defined by a hypothesized underlying conceptual or theoretical model". SEM involves
Structural_equation_modeling
Change of statistical properties over time
analytics, data science, machine learning and related fields, concept drift or drift is an evolution of data that invalidates the data model. It happens
Concept_drift
High-level database design model
A conceptual schema or conceptual data model is a high-level description of informational needs underlying the design of a database. It typically includes
Conceptual_schema
Arrangement of information or data, typically in rows and columns
information or data, typically in rows and columns, or possibly in a more complex structure. Tables are widely used in communication, research, and data analysis
Table_(format)
File format for encoding linked data
Working Group". w3.org. "Linked Data Patterns, Chapter 5: Follow Your Nose". 2023-06-07. Retrieved 2023-06-07. "Data Model". Schema.org. Retrieved 2018-06-20
JSON-LD
Data warehousing schema
or star model is the simplest style of data mart schema and is the approach most widely used to develop data warehouses and dimensional data marts. The
Star_schema
Disciplines of managing data as a resource
of data. By the 1980s, relational database models revolutionized data management, emphasizing the importance of data as an asset and fostering a data-centric
Data_management
data unit (media access control service data unit, MSDU) is the service data unit in the IEEE 802 reference model of network architecture. This data unit
MAC_service_data_unit
Model in software engineering
engineering, a domain model is a conceptual model of the domain that incorporates both behavior and data. In ontology engineering, a domain model is a formal representation
Domain_model
System that supports business decisions
into the original pyramid model. Some examples of such systems are: Artificial intelligence system Computing platform Data warehouses Decision support
Information_system
Large language model developed by Google
list-defined reference named "MOz3i" is not used in the content (see the help page). "Deep Think boosts the performance of Google's flagship Gemini AI model". TechCrunch
Gemini_(language_model)
Tree-like structure for data
A hierarchical database model is a data model in which the data is organized into a tree-like structure. The data are stored as records which is a collection
Hierarchical_database_model
Sequence of data points over time
time series data in order to extract meaningful statistics and other characteristics of the data. Time series forecasting is the use of a model to predict
Time_series
Standard for archival system
OAIS Reference Model for an OAIS. This reference model is defined by recommendation CCSDS 650.0-M-3 of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems;
Open Archival Information System
Open_Archival_Information_System
Computer security model
The security model relies on not being able to forge references. Objects can interact only by sending messages on references. A reference can be obtained
Object-capability_model
Process of using data analysis for predicting population data from sample data
(first) selecting a statistical model of the process that generates the data and (second) deducing propositions from the model. Konishi and Kitagawa state
Statistical_inference
made by the model, the encoder can usually transmit the content of the data at a lower information cost, by making reference to the model. This general
Adaptive_coding
Data organized by tags but not tables
Semi-structured data is a form of structured data that is not rigidly structured. The data model associated with semi-structured data is interpreted when the data is
Semi-structured_data
Geodetic reference system
patch together data that were not only made separately for different regions, but to re-reference the elevations to an ellipsoid model rather than to
World_Geodetic_System
by corresponding two- and three-dimensional spatial data and geo-referenced data. 3D city models support presentation, exploration, analysis, and management
3D_city_model
Public availability of AI parameters
considers the public release of not only parameters but the model's source code, training data, evaluation results, intermediate checkpoints and technical
Open_weights
Statistical data type
There are several different models that can be used to describe the structure of ordinal data. Four major classes of model are described below, each defined
Ordinal_data
Type of mathematical model
statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data (and similar data from a
Statistical_model
Machine learning technique
(high reward) or bad (low reward) based on ranking data collected from human annotators. This model then serves as a reward function to improve an agent's
Reinforcement learning from human feedback
Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback
Representation of a data design
A physical data model (or database design) is a representation of a data design as implemented, or intended to be implemented, in a database management
Physical_schema
Process for digital management of built assets
Building information models (BIMs) are computer files (often but not always in proprietary formats and containing proprietary data) which can be extracted
Building_information_modeling
Branch of statistics
treated by models which explicitly account for ambiguous events. More generally, survival analysis involves the modelling of time to event data; in this
Survival_analysis
Subset of artificial intelligence
ultimate model will be. Leo Breiman distinguished two statistical modelling paradigms: the data model and the algorithmic model, wherein "algorithmic model" means
Machine_learning
Design pattern used to communicate between different data formats
A canonical model is a design pattern used to communicate between different data formats. Essentially: create a data model which is a superset of all the
Canonical_model
Type of data model
entity–attribute–value model (EAV) is a data model optimized for the space-efficient storage of sparse—or ad-hoc—property or data values, intended for situations
Entity–attribute–value_model
Statistical concept
model is a probabilistic model for representing the presence of subpopulations within an overall population, without requiring that an observed data set
Mixture_model
ISO standard
archival of 3D, CAD and PDM data. It is known informally as "STEP", which stands for "Standard for the Exchange of Product model data". Due to a large scope
ISO_10303
Large language model by Meta AI (2023–2026)
three model sizes: 7, 13, and 70 billion parameters. The model architecture remains largely unchanged from that of Llama 1 models, but 40% more data was
Llama_(language_model)
Facility used to house computer servers
different models depending on their workloads. An enterprise (on-premises) model hosts IT infrastructure and data on-premises, while cloud data centers
Data_center
Open-source large language model
culturally and linguistically accurate model for the world's 400 million Arabic speakers. Its name is a reference to Jebel Jais, the highest mountain in
Jais_(language_model)
Centralized storage of knowledge
and load data, and to manage the data dictionary are also considered essential components of a data warehousing system. Many references to data warehousing
Data_warehouse
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