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Concept in dialectology analyzing phonemes across dialects of a language
[ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. A diaphoneme is an abstract phonological unit that identifies a correspondence between
Diaphoneme
These charts give a diaphoneme for each sound, followed by its realization in different dialects. The symbols for the diaphonemes are given in bold, followed
Sound correspondences between English accents
Sound_correspondences_between_English_accents
Topics referred to by the same term
Tartaglia 𝄓, a caesura in musical notation ⫽, the prefix and suffix for a diaphoneme in linguistic transcription ⫽, Unicode character U+2AFD DOUBLE SOLIDUS
//
Tenth letter of the Latin alphabet
languages (especially Sicilian), and also uses ⟨j⟩ for /j/. In Basque, the diaphoneme represented by ⟨j⟩ has a variety of realizations according to the regional
J
Accents typical of English in the US
Historical pure vowels (monophthongs) Wikipedia's IPA diaphoneme Wells's GenAm phoneme GenAm realization Example words /æ/ [æ] (listen) bath, trap, yak
General_American_English
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɽ̊r̥⟩ in IPA
voiceless retroflex trill is a sound that has been reported to occur as a diaphoneme of /ʂ/ in the Maldivian language. Although the tongue starts out in a
Voiceless_retroflex_trill
Orthography in which the graphemes correspond to the phonemes of the language
consistently to the language's phonemes, or more generally to the language's diaphonemes. Phonemic orthographies have the lowest possible level of orthographic
Phonemic_orthography
A list of typical Southern vowels English diaphoneme Southern phoneme Example words Pure vowels (monophthongs) /æ/ [æ~æɛ̯æ̯~æjə̯] act, pal, trap [æjə̯~eə̯]
Southern accent (United States)
Southern_accent_(United_States)
West Germanic language spoken by Ashkenazi Jews
system developed by Max Weinreich in 1960 to indicate the descendent diaphonemes of the Proto-Yiddish stressed vowels. Each Proto-Yiddish vowel is given
Yiddish
Variety of American English
All AAVE vowels Pure vowels (monophthongs) English diaphoneme AAVE phoneme Example words /æ/ [æ~ɛː~ɛə] act, pal, trap [ɛː~ɛə~eə] (/æ/ raising) ham, land
African-American Vernacular English
African-American_Vernacular_English
Dialect of English spoken in Ireland
lacks Happy-tensing, meaning that the final vowel diaphoneme /i/ is pronounced like the diaphoneme /ɪ/ as in kit, or /eɪ/ (realised as [e]} as in face
Hiberno-English
20th-century consciously learned American accent
English diaphoneme Good American Speech Franklin D. Roosevelt's Northeastern elite accent (for comparison) Example According to Skinner According to McLean
Good_American_Speech
Convention of symbols representing language
letters that correspond to spoken phonemes (or more technically, to diaphonemes). Alphabets are generally classified into three subtypes, with abjads
Writing_system
Phone used to pronounce a single phoneme
allophone. Allo- Allophonic rule Allomorph Alternation (linguistics) Diaphoneme List of phonetics topics R. Jakobson (1961), Structure of Language and
Allophone
Combination of two adjacent vowel sounds
Standard English diphthongs English diaphoneme RP (British) Australian S.W. Irish North American GenAm Canadian low ⫽oʊ⫽ [əʉ̯] [ɜʉ̯ ~ ɐʉ̯] [oː] [o̞ʊ̯ ~
Diphthong
Basic unit of phonology
Alternation (linguistics) – Alternate phonetic realization of a morpheme Diaphoneme – Concept in dialectology analyzing phonemes across dialects of a language
Phoneme
involve /ʊ/ or /ə/ before /l/. The gulf–golf merger is the merger of the diaphonemes /ʌ/ and /ɒ/ before /lC/, where C denotes a consonant. It is attested
English-language vowel changes before historical /l/
English-language_vowel_changes_before_historical_/l/
Sound system of New York City English
consequently likely to use the rhotic [ɝ] sound (as in General American) for the diaphoneme /ɜːr/ when preconsonantal (as in bird), even if they use non-rhotic pronunciations
New_York_accent
Phonology of the English language
dialect is being considered, or (at a greater level of abstraction) to a diaphoneme, which represents this interdialectal correspondence. A commonly used
English_phonology
Varieties of the Yiddish language
a system developed by M. Weinreich (1960) to indicate the descendent diaphonemes of the Proto-Yiddish stressed vowels. Each Proto-Yiddish vowel is given
Yiddish_dialects
Group of words that fall under a single category
Dialects, David Parry adapted Wells's lexical sets for Anglo-Welsh dialects. Diaphoneme Homophone Minimal pair Wells (1982), p. xviii. Mesthrie, Rajend (2000)
Lexical_set
non-standard accents many words can shift their pronunciation without changing diaphonemes due to lexical diffusion. The near–square merger or cheer–chair merger
English-language vowel changes before historical /r/
English-language_vowel_changes_before_historical_/r/
Vocal accent in coastal North Carolina
Pure vowels (monophthongs) English diaphoneme Smith Island Ocracoke Example words /æ/ [æ~a] [æ] grab, lack, trap /æ/ before /d, l, m, n, s, t, z/ [æə~ɛə]
High_Tider
Austronesian language native to Jakarta, Indonesia
this dialect is the occurrence of è [ɛ] as the realization of the final diaphoneme a [a], e.g.: berapa [bərapa] 'how many, how much' → berapè [bərapɛ]. From
Betawi_language
Sounds used in the Yiddish language
system developed by Max Weinreich in 1960 to indicate the descendent diaphonemes of the Proto-Yiddish stressed vowels. Each Proto-Yiddish vowel is given
Yiddish_phonology
Former set of American dialects
A list of typical older Southern vowels English diaphoneme Old Southern phoneme Example words /aɪ/ [aɪ~æɛ~aæ] bride, prize, tie [ai~aæ] bright, price,
Older Southern American English
Older_Southern_American_English
English as spoken in Barbados
speech as the vowel [ɛ]. The PALM vowel /ɑː/ is mostly [aː]. The BATH diaphoneme is mostly to be identified with this vowel (see trap-bath split) The THOUGHT
Bajan_English
Variety of English
Vowels Wikipedia diaphoneme Bahamian English Example words /æ/ [ä] bath, man, trap /ɑː/ [ɑ] blah, father /ɒ/ bother, lot, wasp [ɑː] (lower class), [ɔː]
Bahamian_English
Dialect spoken in the Great Lakes region
vowels of the Inland Northern dialect Pure vowels (Monophthongs) English diaphoneme Inland Northern realization Example words /æ/ ɛə~eə~ɪə bath, trap, man
Inland Northern American English
Inland_Northern_American_English
Duration of a vowel sound
fact, an approximant (such as the typical realisation of the English diaphoneme /r/). A historically important example is the laryngeal theory, which
Vowel_length
Contact language spoken in Singapore
/rɛd/ are not homophones in Singlish. This split only applies to the diaphoneme /ɛ/. /ai/ remains /ai/ in Singlish, except when followed by /l/, in which
Singlish
Variety of English spoken in Northern Ireland
English diaphoneme UE SSIE Example words /æ/ äˑ~a æ~a bath, trap, man /ɑː/ ɑː~äˑ aˑ~äˑ blah, calm, father conservative /ɒ/ ɒ~ɑ~ä ä bother, lot, top divergent
Ulster_English
Mnemonic rule of thumb for English spelling
educators, are used here as umbrella terms for multiple lexical sets and diaphonemes. Carney, Edward (1994). A survey of English spelling. Psychology Press
I_before_E_except_after_C
Pronunciation system for Hebrew traditionally used by Yemenite Jews
Yemenite qamaṣ ⟨ ָ ⟩ is represented in the transliterated texts by the diaphoneme /oː/. The vowel quality is the same, whether for a long or short vowel
Yemenite_Hebrew
Pair of characters used to write one phoneme
digraphs that represent distinct pronunciations in different dialects (diaphonemes). For example, in Breton there is a digraph ⟨zh⟩ that represents [z]
Digraph_(orthography)
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Diaphonic may denote a relation to: Diaphoneme and diaphones, in linguistics Diaphonia or parallel harmony, in music
Diaphonic
System for contrasting related languages or dialects
group of varieties could be grouped together into even more abstract diaphonemes. Weinreich exemplified the diasystemic approach by a formulaic arrangement
Diasystem
Phonology of the Vietnamese language
Diaphoneme Hanoi Saigon Example word Hanoi Saigon /v/ /v/ /j/ or /v/ vợ 'wife' [və˨˩ˀ] [jə˨˧] or [və˨˧] /z/ /z/ /j/ da 'skin' [za˧] [ja˧] gia 'to
Vietnamese_phonology
Major distinctive sounds of Northern English English diaphoneme Example words Manchester (Mancunian) Lancashire Yorkshire Cumbria Northumberland (Pitmatic)
English language in Northern England
English_language_in_Northern_England
Aid for teaching English reading
Long monophthongs ɑ ꜷ /ɑː/ /ɔː/ /iː/ /uː/ Diphthongs æ œ ᵫ /eɪ/ /aɪ/ /oʊ/ /ɔɪ/ /aʊ/ /juː/ Special diaphonemes /æ~ɑː/ /ɜːr/, /ər/
Initial_Teaching_Alphabet
Analysis methods in linguistics
the shape of structured variation patterns within a speech community. Diaphoneme Cedergren, H.; Sankoff, D. (1974). "Variable rules: Performance as a statistical
Variable_rules_analysis
Variety of English
(/ʌ/): The strut vowel /ʌ/ is present in Gustavia English, but often as a diaphoneme (a variant that represents different underlying phonemes) of other vowels
Gustavia_English
Sounds and pronunciation of the Persian language
dialects within Iran have well preserved the distinction. While a single diaphoneme, it may be interpreted as phonemic /w/ in Dari (also in Early New Persian
Persian_phonology
Phonetic alphabet for Swedish diaphonemes
Phonetic alphabet for Swedish diaphonemes
Swedish_Dialect_Alphabet
Dialect of Basque
Realizations of the diaphoneme //j//.
Biscayan_dialect
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