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Technique for defeating password protection using lists of likely possibilities
In cryptanalysis and computer security, a dictionary attack is an attack using a restricted subset of a keyspace to defeat a cipher or authentication mechanism
Dictionary_attack
Topics referred to by the same term
up attack in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Attack may refer to: Attack (fencing) Charge (warfare) Offensive (military) Strike (attack) The Attack (novel)
Attack
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
short passwords, but for longer passwords other methods such as the dictionary attack are used because a brute-force search takes too long. Longer passwords
Brute-force_attack
Password cracking software tool
use is the dictionary attack. It takes text string samples (usually from a file, called a wordlist, containing words found in a dictionary or real passwords
John_the_Ripper
Malicious Spamming technique
brute force. The attack is usually carried out by way of a standard dictionary attack, where valid e-mail addresses are found by brute force guessing valid
Directory_harvest_attack
Single-volume dictionary, first published in 1998
The Oxford Dictionary of English (ODE) is a single-volume English dictionary published by Oxford University Press, first published in 1998 as The New
Oxford_Dictionary_of_English
Sequence of words used to gain access
language dictionary—especially one available as electronic input to a software program—the passphrase is rendered more vulnerable to dictionary attack. This
Passphrase
Topics referred to by the same term
system Dictionary (data structure), an abstract data type for a set of pairs Dictionary (software), an app in Mac OS X v10.4 and later Dictionary attack, a
Dictionary_(disambiguation)
2008 computer worm
uses flaws in Windows OS software (MS08-067 / CVE-2008-4250) and dictionary attacks on administrator passwords to propagate while forming a botnet, and
Conficker
Authentication protocol to validate users
information associated with the PPP session. The attacker can then mount an offline dictionary attack in order to obtain the original password. When used
Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol
Challenge-Handshake_Authentication_Protocol
Text used for user authentication to prove identity
attack. A related method, rather more efficient in most cases, is a dictionary attack. In a dictionary attack, all words in one or more dictionaries are
Password
Dictionary developed by Noah Webster and other dictionaries using his name
Jeffersonian Republicans, attacked the man, labeling him mad for such an undertaking. Scholars have long seen Webster's 1844 dictionary to be an important resource
Webster's_Dictionary
Password recovery software
password hashes by using methods such as dictionary attacks, brute force and cryptanalysis attacks. Cryptanalysis attacks were done via rainbow tables which
Cain_and_Abel_(software)
Software suite
because some implementations of WEP derive the key from a password, dictionary attacks are easier than pure brute force. In May 2001, William A. Arbaugh
Aircrack-ng
Augmented password-authenticated key exchange protocol
information to be able to brute-force guess a password or apply a dictionary attack without further interactions with the parties for each guess. Furthermore
Secure Remote Password protocol
Secure_Remote_Password_protocol
Unix password-cracking program
vulnerable to a dictionary attack. Crack was the first standalone password cracker for Unix systems and the first to introduce programmable dictionary generation
Crack_(password_software)
Computer security attack via dial-up modems
force attack against an authentication mechanism, such as a password. While a dictionary attack might involve trying each word in a dictionary as the
Wardialing
2003 film by Guy Jenkin
The Sleeping Dictionary is a 2003 British-American romantic drama film written and directed by Guy Jenkin and starring Hugh Dancy, Jessica Alba, Brenda
The_Sleeping_Dictionary
Intrusion prevention software framework
malicious connections, as well as reducing the likelihood of a successful dictionary attack. Fail2Ban can perform multiple actions whenever an abusive IP address
Fail2ban
Man-in-the-middle attack Man-on-the-side attack Meet-in-the-middle attack Length extension attack Replay attack Pre-play attack Dictionary attack Biclique attack Denial-of-service
List of cybersecurity information technologies
List_of_cybersecurity_information_technologies
1941 Japanese attack on the US
leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI, and as Operation Z during its planning. The attack on Pearl Harbor was preceded
Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor
Recovering passwords stored by computer systems
taken up by script kiddies. Brute-force attack Cold boot attack Dictionary attack Password strength Smudge attack "hashcat - advanced password recovery"
Password_cracking
Type of cyber-attack
In computing, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack /dɒs/ doss) is a cyberattack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource
Denial-of-service_attack
or "Points-of-interest" in a grid or background image, a graphical dictionary attack can be initiated to guess users' passwords . Other factors such as
Draw_a_Secret
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up surprise attack in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Surprise Attack or surprise attack may refer to: Surprise attack, an act of military deception
Surprise_Attack
Open-source password recovery tool
multiple attack modes for obtaining effective and complex coverage over a hash's keyspace. These modes are: Brute-force attack Combinator attack Dictionary attack
Hashcat
ITU-T recommendation
e., remains unrevealed) to an eavesdropper preventing an off-line dictionary attack. The protocol can be used in a wide variety of applications including
X.1035
MacOS password cracker
supports both dictionary and incremental attacks. A dictionary attack will scan through a number of pre-defined wordlists while an incremental attack will count
DaveGrohl
Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext
Cryptosystem Cold boot attack Cryptographic primitive Cryptography standards Cyberspace Electronic Security Act (US) Dictionary attack Disk encryption Encrypted
Encryption
Password cracking dataset
the same as inverting the hash function. Though brute-force attacks (e.g. dictionary attacks) may be used to try to invert a hash function, they can become
Rainbow_table
Type of authentication protocol
an eavesdropper to deduce what the password is, using a dictionary attack or brute-force attack. The use of information which is randomly generated on
Challenge–response authentication
Challenge–response_authentication
August 2019. "Cisco LEAP dictionary password guessing". ISS. Retrieved 2008-03-03. "Cisco Security Notice: Dictionary Attack on Cisco LEAP Vulnerability"
Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol
Lightweight_Extensible_Authentication_Protocol
Cryptographic protocol
password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocol that is secure against off-line dictionary attacks. A ZKPP prevents any party from verifying guesses for the password
Zero-knowledge_password_proof
perform a trivial dictionary attack to find ownership of resources, [2] someone with a URI can perform a trivial dictionary attack to find an email address
MicroID
(20 June 1997). "Extended password key exchange protocols immune to dictionary attack". Proceedings of IEEE 6th Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure
SPEKE
Type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher
and 33.5% of characters, too few to read. Bauer and Gottloeb used a dictionary attack that lists every combination of valid words consistent with a ciphertext;
Running_key_cipher
Form of cyberattack
commonly unchanged. Even when altered, many are guessed quickly through dictionary attacks, since most consumer grade routers don't introduce timing penalties
Pharming
threshold. If there have been too many invalid attempts it assumes a dictionary attack is occurring and prevents the IP address from making any further attempts
DenyHosts
Encryption method
up her search for passwords by a factor of almost 1000. For this dictionary attack to succeed, Mallory also needs an ability to distinguish successful
Authenticated_encryption
Highly confrontational type of psychotherapy
"Synanon game verbal attack therapy" to standard group therapy, in a study published in the Journal of Community Psychology. In Dictionary of American Penology
Attack_therapy
Association football position
pitch. Midfielders may play an exclusively defensive role breaking up attacks, and are in that case known as defensive midfielders. As central midfielders
Midfielder
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up heart attack in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Myocardial infarction, often known as heart attack is when the blood supply to a part of the
Heart_attack_(disambiguation)
Function that derives secret keys from a secret value
function be made deliberately slow so as to frustrate brute-force attack or dictionary attack on the password or passphrase input value. Such use may be expressed
Key_derivation_function
Satirical book by Gustave Flaubert
The Dictionary of Received Ideas (or Dictionary of Accepted Ideas; in French, Le Dictionnaire des idées reçues) is a short satirical work collected and
Dictionary_of_Received_Ideas
Submarine designed to destroy other ships
An attack submarine or hunter-killer submarine is a submarine specifically designed for the purpose of attacking and sinking other submarines, surface
Attack_submarine
Topics referred to by the same term
blow, or blown in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Blow commonly refers to: Cocaine Exhalation Strike (attack) Blow, Blew, Blowing, or Blown may also
Blow
Offensive action in fencing
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In fencing, a riposte (French for "retort") is an offensive action made right after parrying an attack with the intent of
Riposte
Techniques to protect against brute-force attack
attacker must trial the entire stretched key space) Attempt possible combinations of the weaker initial key, potentially commencing with a dictionary
Key_stretching
Book by Milorad Pavić
Dictionary of the Khazars: A Lexicon Novel (Serbian Cyrillic: Хазарски речник, Hazarski rečnik) is the debut novel by Serbian writer Milorad Pavić, published
Dictionary_of_the_Khazars
List of military ground attack aircraft
The ground attack aircraft listed here are military aircraft used to attack targets on the ground with greater speed and a smaller radar cross section
List_of_attack_aircraft
Sudden intensification or recurrence of medical symptoms
Paroxysmal attacks or paroxysms are a sudden recurrence or intensification of symptoms, such as a spasm or seizure. These short, frequent symptoms can
Paroxysmal_attack
Attack model for cryptanalysis with access to both plaintext and ciphertext
The known-plaintext attack (KPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker has access to both the plaintext (called a crib) and its encrypted
Known-plaintext_attack
Microsoft network operating system
replay the hash. Without salt, time–memory tradeoff pre-computed dictionary attacks, such as a rainbow table, are feasible. In 2003, Ophcrack, an implementation
LAN_Manager
Directed physical attack
A strike is a directed, forceful physical attack with either a part of the human body or with a handheld object (such as a melee weapon), intended to cause
Strike_(attack)
Violent tactic resulting in the attacker's intentional death
suicide attack as "an attack in which an attacker kills himself or herself to kill others". However, the Collins dictionary describes a suicide attack as "a
Suicide_attack
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up shark attack in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A shark attack is a biting incident involving a shark. Shark Attack (or Shark Bite) may also refer
Shark_Attack_(disambiguation)
transposition cipher using a ciphertext only hill climbing attack. They also developed a Dictionary attack that also solved it. Leiberich, Otto (1953), Über Systeme
Otto_Leiberich
Global conflict (1939–1945)
Allies commenced an attack of their own in Egypt, dislodging the Axis forces and beginning a drive west across Libya. This attack was followed up shortly
World_War_II
Discerning a password via screen smudges
A smudge attack is an information extraction attack that discerns the password input of a touchscreen device such as a smartphone or tablet computer from
Smudge_attack
Network protocol
can be used.[citation needed] Threat of reversibility: an offline dictionary attack to recover the password is feasible after capturing a successful CRAM-MD5
CRAM-MD5
Aspect of wireless networks
where there are a number of tools available which can launch a dictionary style attack of "possibly accepted" security keys based on the "model" security
Wireless_security
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up acid attack in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Acid attack usually refers to acid throwing, a form of violent assault. Acid attack may also refer
Acid_attack_(disambiguation)
Key derivation function of password hash
compute a password hash. This also made it reasonably resistant to dictionary attacks in that era. At that time password hashes were commonly stored in
Crypt_(C)
Bagley-class destroyer
following exercises off Maui Island. Three days later the Japanese executed an attack on Pearl Harbor. Moored next to Mugford in berth B6 of the Navy yard for
USS_Jarvis_(DD-393)
Fallacy regarding hypocrisy
This specious reasoning is a special type of ad hominem attack. The Oxford English Dictionary cites John Cooke's 1614 stage play The Cittie Gallant as
Tu_quoque
Sudden periods of intense fear
158.10.1568. PMID 11578982. S2CID 7865025. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Panic attack. The dictionary definition of Panic attack at Wiktionary
Panic_attack
Series of US naval exercises in the interwar period
Gulf of Panama, and allowed the Black Force to make a unopposed surface attack on the coast, ending the fleet problem. The exercise ended with a gunnery
Fleet_problem
Denial-of-service attack at XML parsers, exploiting entity expansion
In computer security, a billion laughs attack is a type of denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) which is aimed at parsers of XML documents. It is also
Billion_laughs_attack
Type of denial-of-service attack
twin access point. In order to mount a brute-force or dictionary based WPA password cracking attack on a Wi‑Fi user with WPA or WPA2 enabled, a hacker must
Wi-Fi_deauthentication_attack
Specialist encyclopedia
The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (2018), 3rd ed., is a twenty-volume reference work on economics published by Palgrave Macmillan. It contains around
The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
The_New_Palgrave_Dictionary_of_Economics
Use of randomness in key code generation
randomized version of ChaCha for resisting offline brute-force and dictionary attacks". Journal of Information Security and Applications. 49 102396. arXiv:1802
Probabilistic_encryption
Tactical military aircraft
An attack aircraft, strike aircraft, or attack bomber is a tactical military aircraft that has a primary role of carrying out airstrikes with greater
Attack_aircraft
Cryptographic secret, not public in contrast to salt
users who use the same password, but protects against dictionary attacks, unless the attacker has the pepper value available. Since the same pepper is
Pepper_(cryptography)
Resistance of a password to being guessed
password against guessing or brute-force attacks. In its usual form, it estimates how many trials an attacker who does not have direct access to the password
Password_strength
Type of American attack cargo ship
The Arcturus-class attack cargo ships were converted from other ship types by Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. in Chester, Pennsylvania, Tampa Shipbuilding
Arcturus-class attack cargo ship
Arcturus-class_attack_cargo_ship
Mahan-class destroyer
during the attack on Pearl Harbor. The spectacular explosion of her forward magazine provided one of the most iconic photographs of the attack. She was
USS_Shaw_(DD-373)
following is a list of attacks on diplomatic buildings (embassies, consulates) anywhere in the world. The list does not include attacks on individuals outside
List of attacks on diplomatic missions
List_of_attacks_on_diplomatic_missions
American naval vessel class
The Andromeda-class attack cargo ships were a class of Type C2 ship-based amphibious cargo ship built by Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. in Kearny,
Andromeda-class attack cargo ship
Andromeda-class_attack_cargo_ship
Topics referred to by the same term
panic attack in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A panic attack is an episode of intense fear and discomfort. Panic attack may refer to: "Panic Attack" (The
Panic_attack_(disambiguation)
Topics referred to by the same term
the aerial application of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. Dusting attack, an attack on a cryptocurrency wallet Using fingerprint powder to dust for fingerprints
Dusting
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up attacker in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. An attacker is someone who attacks or a type of player in some sports. For the term attacker in computer
Attacker_(disambiguation)
Man-in-the-middle attack Needham–Schroeder Offline private key Otway–Rees Trusted paper key Wide Mouth Frog Brute force attack Dictionary attack Related key attack Key
Outline_of_cryptography
Military unit
assigned to NAS New York. List of squadrons in the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons Attack aircraft List of inactive United States Navy aircraft
VA-153_(U.S._Navy)
Topics referred to by the same term
TIA, Tia, or tia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. TIA most commonly refers to the transient ischemic attack, a "mini-stroke". TIA or Tia may also refer
TIA_(disambiguation)
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Friendly Fire(s) may refer to: Friendly fire, an attack on friendly troops while attempting to attack enemy/hostile targets
Friendly_Fire
Form of abuse using verbal communication for intent to harm person and entity
Verbal abuse (also known as verbal aggression, verbal attack, verbal violence, verbal assault, psychic aggression, or psychic violence) is a type of psychological/mental
Verbal_abuse
Computer network protocol
streams from each direction together. MS-CHAP-v2 is vulnerable to dictionary attacks on the captured challenge response packets. Tools exist to perform
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
Point-to-Point_Tunneling_Protocol
Military unit
and designated F9F-2Bs. List of squadrons in the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons Attack aircraft List of inactive United States Navy aircraft
VA-112_(U.S._Navy)
1944–1945 Japanese suicidal aircraft attacks
'Divine Wind Special Attack Unit'), were a part of the Japanese Special Attack Units of military aviators who flew suicide attacks for the Empire of Japan
Kamikaze
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Kick, kick, or kicking in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A kick is an attack using a foot, knee or leg. Kick, Kicking, Kicks, or The Kick may
Kick_(disambiguation)
"Encrypted Key Exchange: Password-Based Protocols Secure Against Dictionary Attacks" (PDF). Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Symposium on Research in Security
Encrypted_key_exchange
Violent attacks caused by non-human animals against humans
Animal attacks are violent attacks caused by non-human animals against humans, one of the most common being bites. These attacks are a cause of human
Animal_attack
on a keyboard, and a dictionary of words. It is assumed that the typed word is present in the dictionary. The aim of the attack is to reconstruct the
Computer security compromised by hardware failure
Computer_security_compromised_by_hardware_failure
Class of attack transports of the United States Navy
The Paul Revere-class attack transport was a ship class of attack transports of the United States Navy during the Cold War. Both ships were converted
Paul Revere-class attack transport
Paul_Revere-class_attack_transport
Military unit
VA-105 was an Attack Squadron of the United States Navy. It was established on 1 May 1952 and disestablished on 1 February 1959. Its nickname is unknown
Attack Squadron 105 (U.S. Navy)
Attack_Squadron_105_(U.S._Navy)
Topics referred to by the same term
Târgoviște, a village in Balinț commune, Timiș County, Romania Night attack at Târgoviște, attack by Vlad III on Mehmed II's Army at night AFC Chindia Târgoviște
Targoviste
An explanatory combinatorial dictionary (ECD) is a type of monolingual dictionary designed to be part of a meaning-text linguistic model of a natural language
Explanatory combinatorial dictionary
Explanatory_combinatorial_dictionary
Attacking the person rather than their argument
argumentum ad hominem ('an argument to the person'), refers to when a speaker attacks the character, motive, or some other attribute of the person making an
Ad_hominem
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A10, A.10 or A-10 most often refers to: Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II, a U.S. close ground support attack aircraft Atlantic
A10
US Navy Medal of Honor recipient (1921–1941)
was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor. Ward enlisted in the United States Navy at Cincinnati,
James_R._Ward
DICTIONARY ATTACK
DICTIONARY ATTACK
Boy/Male
Greek
Helps defend Thebes against the attackers.
Girl/Female
Latin
To seek; to attack.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Nottinghamshire)
English (chiefly Nottinghamshire) : variant of Hart.German : topographic name from Middle High German hurt ‘hurdle’, ‘woven fence’.Dutch : nickname, presumably for a pugnacious or aggressive person, from Middle Dutch hort, hurt ‘strike’, ‘blow’, ‘attack’.
Boy/Male
Norse
Leader of the attack on Hlidarend.
Boy/Male
Native American
attacking hawk.
Girl/Female
Indian
Dictionary
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a nickname for a sarcastic, witty, or spiteful person, from early modern English squibbe ‘lampoon’, ‘satirical attack’. The word, which is probably of imitative origin, is not recorded until the 16th century; the original sense was ‘firework’.
Boy/Male
Greek
One of the attackers in 'The Seven Against Thebes'.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
To Attack Violently and Persistently
Boy/Male
Greek Latin
One of the attackers of Thehes.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Attack; This was the Name of Huyama Al-awsabiyah Al-danishqiyah; She was a Jurist of Great Rank and a Very Pious Woman
Girl/Female
Muslim
Attack
Boy/Male
Indian, Kannada
Attack Like a Tiger
Boy/Male
Greek
One of the attackers against Thebes.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Attacker
Boy/Male
Muslim
Attacker
Boy/Male
Greek
One of the Thebes attackers.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Impetuous; Attacking Violently
Girl/Female
Indian
Attack
Boy/Male
Arabic
Impetuous; Attacking Violently
DICTIONARY ATTACK
DICTIONARY ATTACK
Male
Finnish
Finnish form of Latin Martinus, MARTTI means "of/like Mars."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Indra to Sudhi (Bhoomi), Lord of nectar
Girl/Female
Indian, Sikh
Shining Heart
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Light
Boy/Male
Muslim
Noble
Male
Norse
Old Norse name composed of the elements hallr "rock" and varðr "defender, guardian," hence "rock defender."
Boy/Male
Teutonic
Wolf's shield. From the emblem painted on a war shield.
Girl/Female
Native American
Mistress.
Boy/Male
French
Trees; sylvan.
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin) and northern French
English (of Norman origin) and northern French : nickname for a bald man, from Anglo-Norman French cauf ‘bald’. Compare Chaffee.English : habitational name from a place in East Yorkshire called Cave, apparently from a river name derived from Old English cÄf ‘swift’.French : metonymic occupational name for someone employed in or in charge of the wine cellars of a great house, from Old French cave ‘cave’, ‘cellar’ (Latin cavea, a derivative of cavus ‘hollow’).French, possibly also English : topographic name for someone who lived in or near a cave, from the same word as in 3 in an older sense.
DICTIONARY ATTACK
DICTIONARY ATTACK
DICTIONARY ATTACK
DICTIONARY ATTACK
DICTIONARY ATTACK
n.
Alt. of Actionist
n.
A hypocritical devotee. See the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.
a.
Of or pertaining to an auction or an auctioneer.
n.
See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.
a.
Of or pertaining to Sanskrit; written in Sanskrit; as, a Sanskrit dictionary or inscription.
n.
An etymological dictionary or manual.
a.
Belonging to a faction; being a partisan; taking sides.
pl.
of Lectionary
a.
Under rule; subject; tributary.
n.
A book containing the words of a language, arranged alphabetically, with explanations of their meanings; a lexicon; a vocabulary; a wordbook.
a.
Pertaining to, or indicating, pronunciation; as, a pronouncing dictionary.
n.
A book, or a list, of lections, for reading in divine service.
n.
A vocabulary, dictionary, or glossary.
n.
Hence, a book containing the words belonging to any system or province of knowledge, arranged alphabetically; as, a dictionary of medicine or of botany; a biographical dictionary.
n.
A subject; a tributary.
n.
The author or compiler of a lexicon or dictionary.
n.
A collection of words; a vocabulary; a dictionary; a lexicon.
pl.
of Dictionary
n.
A dictionary of synonyms.
a.
Connecting; conjunctive; as, syndetic words or connectives; syndetic references in a dictionary.