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Subgenre of literature
Dirty realism is a term coined by Bill Buford of Granta magazine to define a North American literary movement. Writers in this sub-category of realism
Dirty_realism
Cuban novelist
as completely distant from the literary movement defined as dirty realism. Source: Dirty Havana Trilogy (Trilogía sucia de La Habana, 1998) The King of
Pedro_Juan_Gutiérrez
Literary genre and movement
of realism emerged in Australia's literary scene known as "dirty realism", typically written by "new, young authors" who examined "gritty, dirty, real
Literary_realism
American author
known as Dirty realism that referred to Carver's lower-middle-class subjects or the protagonists Ford portrays in Rock Springs. "Dirty realism" and "minimalism"
Richard_Ford
American author (born 1954)
which he relaunched in 1979. He is also credited with coining the term "dirty realism." Buford was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and raised in Southern
Bill_Buford
Literature genre
Kmart realism in stories such as "Safeway" (The New Yorker, 1981). In addition, Rachel Page has written works that follow the genre of "dirty realism". Other
Kmart_realism
American writer (1920–1994)
(2001). "In the Country of Contradiction the Hypocrite is King: Defining Dirty Realism in Charles Bukowski's Factotum". Modern Fiction Studies. 47: 43–68.
Charles_Bukowski
American story writer and poet (1938–1988)
poetry editor of Esquire. Carver's style has also been described as dirty realism, which connected him with a group of writers in the 1970s and 1980s
Raymond_Carver
Memoir by Brentley Frazer
the tradition of Helen Garner, Andrew McGahan and Nick Earls.This is dirty realism at its dirtiest." Scoundrel Days was first published in Australia in
Scoundrel_Days:_A_Memoir
American writer
stories from Fast Lanes, "Rayme," had been published in 1984 in Granta's Dirty Realism issue. In 1994, Phillips published her second novel, Shelter, a portrait
Jayne_Anne_Phillips
Australian literary genre
disease, etc.). Grunge lit has been described as both a sub-set of dirty realism and an offshoot of Generation X literature. The term "grunge" is a reference
Grunge_lit
Díaz Azcona. En los hilos del títere. Realism. Novel. Publisher Plaza & Janes. 1988. Uno se vuelve loco. Dirty realism. Novel. Publisher Planeta. Planeta
Daniel_Múgica
English model and businesswoman (born 1974)
was presented as a young unknown, and Day described the pictures as "dirty realism" or "grunge". Moss then featured in the Levi's campaign 'Levi's for
Kate_Moss
American writer (1909–1983)
including Dan Writing career Period 1938–1982 Notable works Wait Until Spring, Bandini (1938) Ask the Dust (1939) Full of Life (1952) Movement Dirty realism
John_Fante
on 2017-12-09. Retrieved 2024-08-05. Michael Hemmingson (2008). The Dirty Realism Duo: Charles Bukowski and Raymond Carver on the Aesthetics of the Ugly
List_of_literary_movements
British model
British Issue. Marion Hume (16 May 1993). "FASHION / The new mood: Dirty realism has reached fashion. The whole world is changing. Globs of gold and
Cecilia_Chancellor
Emotion of uninterest in surroundings
who examined "gritty, dirty, real existences" of everyday characters. It has been described as both a sub-set of dirty realism and an offshoot of Generation
Boredom
complexity has led academics to classify it within the "Andean Baroque" or "dirty realism" traditions, rather than conventional genre fiction. While some contemporary
Periférica_Blvd.
1983 short story collection by Charles Bukowski
Madness First edition Author Charles Bukowski Language English Genre Dirty realism, surrealism, transgressive fiction Publisher City Lights Books Publication date
Tales of Ordinary Madness (short story collection)
Tales_of_Ordinary_Madness_(short_story_collection)
Movement in various forms of art and design
25 March 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link) "Dirty Realism". Poem Analysis. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved
Minimalism
Short story by Raymond Carver
Carver's 'Where I'm Calling From' collection. Hemmingson, M. (2008). The Dirty Realism Duo: Charles Bukowski and Raymond Carver on the Aesthetics of the Ugly
Popular Mechanics (short story)
Popular_Mechanics_(short_story)
1987 short story collection by Richard Ford
Ford stories led Granta editor Bill Buford to include Ford in his 'Dirty realism' categorization alongside fellow short-story writer Raymond Carver.
Rock Springs (short story collection)
Rock_Springs_(short_story_collection)
American author (born 1945)
story. (Their 20th-century North American version of realism was often labelled as Dirty realism for its gritty veracity.) Wolff repudiated this characterization
Tobias_Wolff
1st episode of the 4th season of Breaking Bad
are pleasures that transcend 98% of television's usual attempts at dirty realism or fashionable pessimism". Kim Potts of TV Squad called Gus' killing
Box_Cutter_(Breaking_Bad)
2004 short story collection by E. L. Doctorow
Reviewer Colin Greenland at The Guardian credits Doctorow for his "dirty realism" reminiscent of works by Raymond Carver, Jayne Anne Phillips and Tobias
Sweet_Land_Stories
British novelist and journalist (born 1962)
as Franz Kafka and James Kelman. Meek has described it as "magical dirty realism". Meek’s third novel, The People’s Act of Love, published in 2005, brought
James_Meek_(writer)
Welsh-French design consultant, former model, and socialite
September 2021. Hume, Marion (15 May 1993). "FASHION / The new mood: Dirty realism has reached fashion". The Independent On Sunday. Archived from the original
Lucie_de_la_Falaise
Latin American literary movement
homosexuality in a macho culture, and the dirty realism of McOndo, the contemporary Latin American world. "Magical Realism and the History of the Emotions in
McOndo
Swiss architect (born 1964)
978-3-96098-502-0. Jésus Vassallo (ed.): Seamless - Digital Collage And Dirty Realism In Architecture. Park Books, Zürich 2017, ISBN 978-3-03860-019-0. Ulrich
Roger_Boltshauser
1994 Spanish novel by José Ángel Mañas
imitation of the dirty realism that originated in the United States. It has also been said about the book that, by enhancing realism in the narration
Historias_del_Kronen_(novel)
American minimalist novelist and short story writer
being a minimalist, his work has also been described as "dirty realism" and "Kmart realism". He published his first short story in The New Yorker. Barthelme
Frederick_Barthelme
One-act play written by Sean Minogue
notable accomplishment". The Georgia Straight. "Prodigals brims with dirty realism". www.vancourier.com. Retrieved 3 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint:
Prodigals_(play)
American writer (1949–2024)
15, 2024. McCracken, David S. (2018), The Dunning-Kruger Effect in Dirty Realism: Dorothy Allison's "Jason Who Will Be Famous," Larry Brown's "Waiting
Dorothy_Allison
American poet and filmmaker
collection as "strong and inspired". He has also been influenced by the dirty realism writers of the 1980s, and by photographers such as Alec Soth and Michael
Kai_Carlson-Wee
gratification has become the norm. It has been described as both a sub-set of dirty realism and an offshoot of Generation X literature. The term "grunge" is from
Australian_literature
Australian novelist (1966–2019)
and is often credited with launching the short-lived Grunge Lit or Dirty realism movement – terminology that McGahan himself (along with most of the
Andrew_McGahan
Czech poet and author of prose (born 1980)
Novelist, poet Writing career Genres Postmodern prose, LGBT prose, Dirty realism, Social-critical prose, Metaphysical poetry Website www.facebook.com/AdamGeorgiev
Adam_Georgiev
Australian author
Best Novel. She is a seminal figure in Australian "grunge fiction" or "dirty realism" literature of the mid-1990s and was labelled 'The Empress of Grunge'
Justine_Ettler
American writer (born 1948)
edition. Also see Bill Buford's influential early discussion of Carver's "dirty realism" in the story-focused British literary magazine Granta 8 from 1983.
Carol_Sklenicka
Former magazine
the early eighties and didn't feel any affinity for the school of 'dirty realism' or weren't writing 'sensitive' narration teeming with believable characters
Between_C_&_D
Spanish author, journalist and translator
Occupations Writer, Journalist. Writing career Period 1996-present Genres Dirty realism, Science fiction, Postmodern literature, Roman-a-clef Movement Generation
Gabriela_Bustelo
British social realist artistic movement
Kitchen sink realism (or kitchen sink drama) is a British cultural movement that developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s in theatre, art, novels,
Kitchen_sink_realism
ISBN 0-14-014580-X Best of Young British Novelists, 1 March 1983, ISBN 0-14-014082-4 Dirty Realism: New Writing from America, 1 June 1983, ISBN 0-14-006869-4 John Berger:
List_of_Granta_issues
Singaporean filmmaker
September 1991. Retrieved 6 July 2026. Tay, Kay Chin (9 February 1993). "Dirty realism". The Straits Times. Retrieved 6 July 2026. "walk walk (Singapore Deviation
Tan_Pin_Pin
American rapper
From the New Line Cinema Motion Picture (1996) "All I Need Is Weed"; "Realism" f/ Backbone from Sniper Unit album Burnt Up City (1996) "Gangsta Partna"
Cool_Breeze_(rapper)
Brazilian rapper and writer
(age 50–51) São Paulo, Brazil Occupations Novelist, Poet, Short story writer, rap musician Writing career Movements Dirty realism, Marginal literature
Ferréz
Italian film movement
centre. Neorealism was a sign of cultural and social change in Italy. New realism films are considered to be films with specific styles and philosophies
Italian_neorealism
Swiss artist (born 1972)
edition), pp. 146–172. Jesús Vassallo (Ed.): Seamless: Digital Collage And Dirty Realism In Architecture. 1st edition. Park Books, Zurich 2016, ISBN 978-3-03860-019-0
Philipp_Schaerer
Novelist, anthologist, critic, cultural anthropologist, playwright (1966–2014)
North Carolina: (McFarland & Company, 2009) ISBN 0-7864-4025-2 The Dirty Realism Duo: Charles Bukowski and Raymond Carver on the Aesthetics of the Ugly
Michael_Hemmingson
Stecher with Mile Twelve Mile 77 CD/Digital 2023 DG-295 Kind Beast Dirty Realism LP/Digital 2023 DG-296 Ackley-Chen-Centazzo-DeGruttola-Kaiser-Manring
Don Giovanni Records discography
Don_Giovanni_Records_discography
2002 British film
Dirty Pretty Things is a 2002 British social thriller film directed by Stephen Frears and written by Steven Knight. Following the lives of two immigrants
Dirty_Pretty_Things_(film)
Australian poet
Brentley Frazer is an Australian poet widely known for his dirty realist, gritty, Gen. X memoir Scoundrel Days (UQP, 2017). Brentley has been a guest
Brentley_Frazer
Cuban writer (born 1968)
conflicts of daily life, often blending irony, sensuality, and elements of “dirty realism.” The translator of Anima Fatua into English, Robin Munby, has commented:
Anna_Lidia_Vega_Serova
Australian writer
and Angela Meyer's Captives. She has said that the minimalism and dirty realism of short-stories by Tobias Wolff and Raymond Carver have struck a chord
Morgan_Bell
Australian writer and musician (born 1973)
Australian Alps, and incorporating few of the traits of urban-based dirty realism that characterised that movement. Winch's next novel, My Boyfriend's
Ben_Winch
To Cross - S/T (2007) Diamondhead - Street Leaf (2008) Diamondhead - Dirty Realism (2008) Graham Weber - Door To The Morning (2008) Jude/Ross - S/T (2009)
Leatherbag
2014 novel by Muhammad Aladdin
has more of a 'realistic' kick, the way it can be somehow a part of dirty realism. It has simpler language and more obvious humour. It is like "The Season
A_Well-Trained_Stray
Argentinian writer
Victor Hugo Ghitta, described Fitte's style as politically incorrect dirty realism. Fitte often says that his writing style has been influenced by authors
Eddie_Fitte
2001 novel by Fernando Velázquez Medina
Colombian artist Juan Arango. The story is framed within the so-called dirty realism of Latin America (led by the famous Cuban Pedro Juan Gutiérrez). Spanish
Last_Rumba_in_Havana
1976 Italian film
Down and Dirty, also known as Ugly, Dirty and Bad (Brutti, sporchi e cattivi) is an Italian film directed by Ettore Scola and released in 1976. Ettore
Down_and_Dirty_(film)
School of thought in criminology
Ultra-realism is a school of thought within the discipline of criminology and the sub-discipline of zemiology. Ultra-realists revisit the fundamental
Ultra-realism
American painter (born 1977)
place between “documentary” realism and symbolic metaphor, whereas his landscapes are portrayed as more of an improvised realism. He makes regular appearances
Jake_Longstreth
Comic book series by Julie Doucet
Dirty Plotte is a comic book series by Canadian cartoonist Julie Doucet, published by Drawn & Quarterly from 1991 to 1998. Known for its autobiographical
Dirty_Plotte
2026 drama film by Josef Kubota Wladyka
Rebecca Sharp of Filmotomy both pointed to the film's blending of magical realism with grounded emotional drama. "Ha-Chan, Shake Your Booty! - Financial
Ha-Chan,_Shake_Your_Booty!
British author (born 1959)
September 2016. John Thieme, 'Apocalypse Now: Visceral Realism in The Rapture, ' Anthropocene Realism: Fiction in the Age of Climate Change, Bloomsbury, 2023
Liz_Jensen
American film and television director
You're Dead in 2003. After directing the 2004 sequel to the 1987 Dirty Dancing, Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights, Ferland proceeded to work primarily with
Guy_Ferland
American medical television drama series
production team invited the editors to use documentary-like "dirty cuts" to convey a sense of realism. Reinisch said he used "messy" frames to change the pace
The_Pitt
Mayor of New York City since 2026
Retrieved April 4, 2025. Powell, Michael (June 18, 2025). "The Magic Realism of Zohran Mamdani". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on June 24
Zohran_Mamdani
Explicit graphic depictions of sexual acts
merit". Eberhard and Phyllis Kronhausen in 1959 distinguished "erotic realism" from "pornography"; in the latter "the main purpose is to stimulate erotic
Hardcore_pornography
French realist painter (1819–1877)
kuʁbɛ]; 10 June 1819 – 31 December 1877) was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what
Gustave_Courbet
1998 novel by John King
Covering Headhunters for GQ Magazine, author John Williams wrote: "The realism and political edge echoes Alan Bleasdale's Boys from the Blackstuff." "Headhunters"
Headhunters_(novel)
1849 painting by Gustave Courbet
"brutish, worn and dirty". Writer Jules Champfleury declared, "starting today, critics can get ready to fight for or against realism in art. French social
The_Stone_Breakers
Chinese writer and literary critic (born 1953)
Her writing, which consists mostly of short fiction, breaks with the realism of earlier modern Chinese writers. She has also written novels, novellas
Can_Xue
American filmmaker and actor (1929–1989)
film The Dirty Dozen (1967), Roman Polanski's horror film Rosemary's Baby (1968) and Elaine May's crime drama Mikey and Nicky (1976). For The Dirty Dozen
John_Cassavetes
Danish filmmaker (born 1970)
native Copenhagen for the first time since Pusher 3 to film his magical realism series, Copenhagen Cowboy. In 2008, Refn co-founded the Copenhagen-based
Nicolas_Winding_Refn
1943 film by Pressburger and Powell
option of following traditional notions of honourable warfare or "fighting dirty" against such an evil enemy as Nazi Germany. One film critic has described
The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp
The_Life_and_Death_of_Colonel_Blimp
1949 novel by Jean Genet
impoverish world. Beggars, like himself, are presented as disgusting and dirty within the novel by Genet, and, for the narrator, the lice that infested
The_Thief's_Journal
Position in the philosophy of science
antirealism, although its mere lack of commitment to scientific theory's realism can be termed nonrealism. Instrumentalism merely bypasses debate concerning
Instrumentalism
Ethical theory based on maximizing well-being
Q. 5)". newadvent.org. Coady, C.A.J. (7 August 2023). "The Problem of Dirty Hands". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 5 October 2025. Wu
Utilitarianism
Miniseries on the 2003 invasion of Iraq
miniseries was produced on a budget of $56 million, with an emphasis on the realism of the production design. David Simon and Ed Burns co-wrote and executive
Generation_Kill_(miniseries)
2026 studio album by Hilary Duff
O'Clock edition includes "Come Clean" (2004) and "Why Not" (2003), and the Dirty Martini edition includes "What Dreams Are Made Of" (2003) and "Sparks" (2015)
Luck..._or_Something
Short story by Gabriel García Márquez
town, and outside visitors. This story falls within the genre of magic realism or fantasy. The story begins after three days of rain. Crabs are infesting
A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings
A_Very_Old_Man_with_Enormous_Wings
the 1950s. IPTA plays, such as Nabanna (1944), prepared the ground for realism in Indian cinema, as seen in the films Mother India (1957) and Pyaasa (1957)
Cinema_of_India
2018 video game
characters, but were divided over its attention to detail and focus on realism, and criticised its technical bugs and save system. Some commentators,
Kingdom_Come:_Deliverance
2025 U.S. art installation
Stephen Colbert on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert joked about its realism and categorized it as a "victory for free speech" on par with the suspension
Best Friends Forever (sculpture)
Best_Friends_Forever_(sculpture)
1871 painting by Vasily Vereshchagin
allaboutheaven.org. Retrieved 17 July 2018. "Vasily Vereshchagin, Russian Realism painter – Art Challenge". artchallenge.ru. Retrieved 17 July 2018. Lloyd
The_Apotheosis_of_War
1987–2012 series of ten books by Iain Banks
(collectively called "dirty tricks") in order to protect itself and spread the Culture's "good works" and ideals. These dirty tricks include blackmailing
Culture_series
Film genre
often accompanied by their real-time off-camera commentary. For added realism, the cinematography may be done by the actors themselves as they perform
Found_footage_film
Military unit
February 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013. "'The Dirty Thirty': Author Details Duty in Vietnam with Humor, Realism". PR Newswire. Retrieved 3 June 2012. Imagine
Dirty_thirty_(Vietnam)
2024 novel by Rachel Kushner
noted that Kushner's writing used clear language and did not lean into realism, with Kushner instead crafting a disturbing, threatening world, while The
Creation_Lake
Late 20th-century literary movement
abuses and torture techniques", and in Argentina the 1970s brought the Dirty War, notorious for its human rights violations and the disappearances of
Latin_American_Boom
Ideologies of change via capitalism and technology
expressed anticipatory accelerationist attitudes in his 2017 essay "A Quick-and-Dirty Introduction to Accelerationism". Firstly, Friedrich Nietzsche argued in
Accelerationism
American novelist
winner of the Southern Book Award for Fiction. His notable works include Dirty Work, Joe, Father and Son, and Big Bad Love. The last of these was adapted
Larry_Brown_(writer)
1978 film by Enzo G. Castellari
the Monthly Film Bulletin stated that the film is "totally lacking in realism or historical perspective" as well as that it "does boast some tolerably
The_Inglorious_Bastards
1956 play by John Osborne
harshness of realism in the theatre in contrast to the more escapist theatre that characterised the previous generation. This harsh realism has led to Look
Look_Back_in_Anger
Thriller film by Sam Peckinpah
theatrically the same year as A Clockwork Orange, The French Connection and Dirty Harry, the film sparked heated controversy over a perceived increase of
Straw_Dogs_(1971_film)
1985 film by Elem Klimov
and human suffering inflicted upon the populace. The film mixes hyper-realism with an underlying surrealism, and philosophical existentialism with poetical
Come_and_See
1979 song by Pink Floyd
Fitzmorris, while the album was being recorded in Los Angeles. He wanted realism, for the operator to actually believe they had caught his wife having an
Young_Lust_(song)
Country primarily in North America
industrial workers, women, and the rural poor. Naturalism, regionalism, and realism were the major literary movements of the period. While modernism generally
United_States
Sexual activity involving ejaculating on the face of another
responds with enjoyment sustains a lighthearted mood as well as a degree of realism." She goes on to say "Logically, if sex is natural and wholesome and semen
Facial_(sexual_act)
travel, tourism, insurance
DIRTY REALISM
DIRTY REALISM
Girl/Female
Muslim
Clean, Neat, Free from dirt
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Mythological, Oriya, Rajasthani, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Goddess; The Diety
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Sand; Dirt
Biblical
an ass; clay; dirt
Girl/Female
Biblical
Displeasing, dirty.
Biblical
displeasing; dirty
Girl/Female
Australian
Dirty
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Dirty Stunted Grass
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Dirt
Boy/Male
Tamil
Diety, Almighty God
Girl/Female
Biblical
A despising, dirty.
Boy/Male
Biblical
An ass, clay, dirt.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Sand, Dirt, Used to denote
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Lamp
Boy/Male
Hindu
Diety, Almighty God
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Minor Diety; Minor Goddess
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dirty stunted grass
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi
A Diety; Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Favourite Diety
Girl/Female
Indian
Removal of Dirt
DIRTY REALISM
DIRTY REALISM
DIRTY REALISM
DIRTY REALISM
DIRTY REALISM
DIRTY REALISM
DIRTY REALISM
travel, tourism, insurance