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Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance
In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} , c x {\displaystyle c_{x}} or c w {\displaystyle c_{\rm
Drag_coefficient
List of drag coefficients and drag areas for automobiles
automobile drag coefficients (Cd) and drag areas (CdA) for production, limited-production, and concept or experimental vehicles. The drag coefficient is a dimensionless
List of automobile drag coefficients
List_of_automobile_drag_coefficients
Resistance of a car to moving through air
The drag coefficient is a common measure in automotive design as it pertains to aerodynamics. Drag is a force that acts parallel to and in the same direction
Automobile_drag_coefficient
Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid
Atmospheric density Automobile drag coefficient Boundary layer Coandă effect Drag crisis Drag coefficient Drag equation Gravity drag Keulegan–Carpenter number
Drag_(physics)
Physical measure of overcoming air resistance
given fluid, a higher coefficient means the projectile will be affected less by drag, i.e. it will be accelerated less by the drag force. F D = m a = 1
Ballistic_coefficient
Dimensionless quantity relating lift to fluid density and velocity over an area
section lift coefficient and angle of attack. It is also useful to show the relationship between section lift coefficient and drag coefficient. The section
Lift_coefficient
Equation for the force of drag
reference area, and c d {\displaystyle c_{\rm {d}}} is the drag coefficient – a dimensionless coefficient related to the object's geometry. The equation is attributed
Drag_equation
Science of air vehicle orientation and control in three dimensions
known as the parasitic drag coefficient and it is the base drag coefficient at zero lift. CDi is known as the induced drag coefficient and it is produced
Aircraft_flight_dynamics
Aerodynamic dimensionaless parameter
the zero-lift drag coefficient C D , 0 {\displaystyle C_{D,0}} is a dimensionless parameter which relates an aircraft's zero-lift drag force to its size
Zero-lift_drag_coefficient
Type of bullet
ballistic coefficient greater than 0.5, although the threshold is undefined. Bullets with a lower drag coefficient decelerate less rapidly. A low drag coefficient
Very-low-drag_bullet
Early attempt to explain constant speed of light
Fresnel's dragging coefficient was directly confirmed by the Fizeau experiment and its repetitions. In general, with the aid of this coefficient the negative
Aether_drag_hypothesis
Phenomenon in fluid dynamics
In fluid dynamics, the drag crisis (also known as the Eiffel paradox) is a phenomenon in which drag coefficient drops off suddenly as Reynolds number increases
Drag_crisis
Measure of aerodynamic efficiency
form drag of the body and by the induced drag associated with creating a lifting force. It depends principally on the lift and drag coefficients, angle
Lift-to-drag_ratio
Ratio of an aircraft's wing span to its mean chord
when compared to the variation in induced drag with changing wingspan. For example, the section drag coefficient c d {\displaystyle c_{d}\;} of a NACA 23012
Aspect_ratio_(aeronautics)
Behavior of projectiles in flight
regime around Mach 1.200. Drag coefficientMach number0.10.150.20.250.30.3500.511.522.5Drag coefficientGraphics for drag coefficient from Doppler r... View
External_ballistics
Shear force from wind on a water surface
dimensionless wind drag coefficient which is a repository function for all remaining dependencies. An often used value for the drag coefficient is C D = 0.0015
Wind_stress
Relationship between drag on an aircraft and other variables
The drag curve or drag polar is the relationship between the drag on an aircraft and other variables, such as lift, the coefficient of lift, angle-of-attack
Drag_curve
Correlation factor comparing drag coefficient with an ideal wing
where the overall coefficient of drag of the wing or airplane has a constant+quadratic dependence on the aircraft lift coefficient C D = C D 0 + ( C L
Oswald_efficiency_number
Type of aerodynamic resistance against the motion of a wing or other airfoil
D_{\text{i}}} , and the lift-induced drag coefficient as C D , i {\textstyle C_{D,i}} . For a constant amount of lift, induced drag can be reduced by increasing
Lift-induced_drag
Aerodynamic resistance against the motion of an object
Parasitic drag, also known as profile drag, is a type of aerodynamic drag that acts on any object when the object is moving through a fluid. Parasitic drag is
Parasitic_drag
Concept in aerodynamics
This increase can cause the drag coefficient to rise to more than ten times its low-speed value. The value of the drag-divergence Mach number is typically
Drag-divergence_Mach_number
Motor vehicle
low drag coefficient of 0.212. Sources claim that this is the coefficient of a 1:5 scale model, not of the car itself, so the actual drag coefficient may
Tatra_77
C_{\text{d}}} is the drag coefficient, A {\displaystyle A} is the frontal area, and v {\displaystyle v} is the velocity. The acceleration due to drag is then a D
BSTAR
1996–2003 French supermini car
Saxo's production life, its design was seven years old. The Saxo has a drag coefficient of Cd=0.340. In addition its frontal area is 1.83 m2, giving it a CdA
Citroën_Saxo
Ratio of inertial to viscous forces acting on a liquid
transport theorem – 3D generalization of the Leibniz integral rule Drag coefficient – Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance Deposition (geology) –
Reynolds_number
Battery electric executive sedan
distance from 100 to 0 km/h (62 to 0 mph) is 33.5 m (109.9 ft), and the drag coefficient is 0.208. The 75 kWh model's weight starts at 2,359 kilograms (5,201 lb)
Nio_ET7
Type of aerodynamic or hydrodynamic drag
which reduces pressure drag. Overall drag is reduced, which enables the ball to fly farther. The skin friction coefficient is defined as: c f = τ w
Skin_friction_drag
American sports car
the car has an estimated drag coefficient of Cd=0.33. The production variant is claimed to have an increased drag coefficient of Cd=0.39. According to
Hennessey_Venom_F5
Mid-size sedan
fastback look, but with wedged looks of a supercar, contributing to a low drag coefficient of 0.23Cd. The Ioniq V was first shown as the Venus concept, which
Hyundai_Ioniq_V
mathematical models address lift and drag by taking into account the density of air, coefficients of lift and drag that result from the shape and area
Forces_on_sails
Type of bullet design
(then a spitzer boat-tail bullet), in order to reduce drag and obtain a lower drag coefficient, resulting in an aerodynamically superior projectile, which
Spitzer_(bullet)
One of the types of serves in the game of volleyball
the drag coefficient and thus drag will be. The faster the ball is moving in the air, the lower the drag coefficient and drag will be. With lower drag coefficients
Float_serve
Motor vehicle
completely smooth fiberglass exterior top and bottom, resulting in a drag coefficient of less than .30 for early TD models. Bill Collins, a creative designer
Vixen_(RV)
Series of concept cars designed by Bertone in collaboration with Alfa Romeo
vehicles to research the effects of drag on a vehicle. The idea was to create vehicles with the lowest possible drag coefficient. They were built upon the Alfa
Alfa_Romeo_BAT
Topics referred to by the same term
in the Lebesgue measure Zero-lift axis, in aerodynamics Zero-lift drag coefficient Zero-length spring, a hypothetical type of spring The period between
0L
Motor vehicle
total aerodynamic drag is minimal because both the drag coefficient and frontal area are small (see drag equation). The drag coefficient (Cd) is 0.159, compared
Volkswagen_1-litre_car
Prototype aerodynamic automobile
Schlör, an engineer for KraussMaffei of Munich, proposed an ultra-low drag coefficient body as early as 1936. Under Schlör's supervision at the AVA (an aerodynamic
Schlörwagen
Fully-autonomous electric car
save on cost and reduce complexity. Tesla says the Cybercab has a drag coefficient under 0.20, making it one of the most aerodynamically efficient vehicles
Tesla_Cybercab
Highest velocity attainable by a falling object
the acceleration due to gravity, C d {\displaystyle C_{d}} is the drag coefficient, ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the density of the fluid through which
Terminal_velocity
WWII era low-drag wing design
Consolidated B-24 Liberator, as well as other models. The airfoil had a lower drag coefficient than most contemporary designs, which allowed higher speeds and created
Davis_wing
Mid-engine sports car
reduction in downforce from 1,400 kg (3,086 lb) to 150 kg (331 lb) and a drag coefficient of Cd=0.278. The front splitter and side winglets are removed and the
Koenigsegg_Jesko
Dimensionless unit
drag coefficient, as the latter is usually much less than 1. A drag count of 200 to 400 is typical for an airplane at cruise. A reduction of one drag
Drag_count
Motorcycle shell
effects of aerodynamic drag on motorcycles are very significant. Consequently, any reduction in a motorcycle's drag coefficient pays dividends in improved
Motorcycle_fairing
Number used to correct drag calculations for small particles in a fluid
predicting the drag force on a particle moving a fluid with Knudsen number between the continuum regime and free molecular flow. The drag coefficient calculated
Cunningham_correction_factor
Torque on an airfoil from forces applied at the aerodynamic center
indicated values of D and L are the drag and lift on the model, as measured by the force sensor. The pitching moment coefficient is important in the study of
Pitching_moment
Experiment measuring the speed of light in moving water
H. R.; Stowell, W. K. (1977). "Light drag in a ring laser – An improved determination of the drag coefficient". Physical Review A. 16 (1): 313–319. Bibcode:1977PhRvA
Fizeau_experiment
Topics referred to by the same term
vehicles Drag coefficient Drag and drop, a computer input gesture Drag harrow, in agriculture, a heavy type of harrow used to break up soil Drag system
Drag
Motor vehicle
Despite a 10-millimeter reduction in ride height from the 911 Turbo, the drag coefficient is slightly higher — Cd=0.34 vs. the Turbo's 0.33 — due to the fixed
Porsche_911_GT2
Electric compact crossover SUV
hatchback-style tailgate. The overall form emphasized aerodynamics, achieving a drag coefficient of 0.23, with smooth body surfacing and mechanical flush door handles
Tesla_Model_Y
Battery electric executive car
March 2022, an Avant version of the concept was unveiled. It has a drag coefficient of 0.24, helped by larger diffuser tunnels. On 31 July 2024 the production
Audi_A6_e-tron
Movement of an object through air
small amount of drag. The lift/drag ratio is determined by dividing the lift coefficient by the drag coefficient, CL/CD. The lift coefficient Cl is equal
Flight
Grand tourer car
The car includes a mix of active and passive aerodynamics to improve drag coefficient values over the 812 Superfast. On the rear, the car has a spoiler to
Ferrari_12Cilindri
Series of subcompact luxury cars produced by Mercedes-Benz
Magazine in May 2014 bore out Tesla's claim by exactly confirming a drag coefficient of Cd=0.24, putting Mercedes' claim into question by measuring the
Mercedes-Benz_CLA
Battery electric mid-size crossover SUV
combined power of 225 kW (306 PS; 302 bhp). The Škoda Enyaq has a drag coefficient of Cd=0.257. The boot has a capacity of 585 litres, but there is no
Škoda_Enyaq
Battery electric full-size luxury liftback
models, called the MEA. Its automobile drag coefficient is as low as 0.20, making it the car with lowest drag coefficient in production at the time of its introduction
Mercedes-Benz_EQS
Battery-electric full-size car
for two children with a five-point harness. The company claimed a drag coefficient of Cd=0.24, the lowest of any production car at release. This claim
Tesla_Model_S
Motor vehicle
Bi-Turbo V12 (limited production, 196 total) (2004–2006) The CL has a drag coefficient of Cd=0.28 for regular models and 0.29 for the AMG models. Like the
Mercedes-Benz_CL-Class_(C215)
relative to the fluid. Drag (physics) Automobile drag coefficient#Drag area Zero-lift drag coefficient "The Drag Equation". www.grc.nasa.gov. Archived from
Drag_area
Luxury crossover SUV model from Lexus
and lower body-side cladding a grey color. The RX 300 possessed a drag coefficient of Cd=0.36. The first-generation Lexus RX was built in Kyushu, Japan
Lexus_RX
Anti-stalling high-lift device on aircraft
the drag coefficient of the aircraft. Therefore, for any given weight and airspeed, flaps increase the drag force. Flaps increase the drag coefficient of
Flap_(aeronautics)
Electric mid-size sedan
five-star safety rating and have a drag coefficient of Cd=0.225. This is lower than the Tesla Model S drag coefficient of Cd=0.24, which, in 2014, was the
Tesla_Model_3
Automotive styling feature
utility (e.g. vehicle length and interior dimensions) and an attractive drag coefficient". In addition to aerodynamic efficiency, Kamm emphasized vehicle stability
Kammback
Paradox by d'Alembert on fluid dynamics
and resulting drag forces, are much larger than predicted: for a flat plate perpendicular to the flow the predicted drag coefficient is CD=0.88, while
D'Alembert's_paradox
Motor vehicle
decided to model the Bionic after this fish due to the supposed low coefficient of drag of its body shape and the rigidity of its exoskeleton; this influenced
Mercedes-Benz_Bionic
Sea water particles that are formed directly from the ocean
of air/sea drag coefficient. Some studies have identified spray effects as one of the potential reasons for the air/sea drag coefficient saturation.
Sea_spray
Motor vehicle
Austrian engineer Edmund Rumpler to be streamlined with a very low drag coefficient. Introduced at the Berlin Motor Show in September 1921 when the AVUS
Rumpler_Tropfenwagen
Hybrid concept car developed by Holden
5-speed manual transmission. It had a drag coefficient of Cd=0.26 compared to the VT series II's drag coefficient of Cd=0.32, with a fuel economy of about
Holden_ECOmmodore
Sports car
exoskeleton, no roof or windows, a small optional windscreen) and a drag coefficient of 0.40. The Atom began as a student project by Coventry University
Ariel_Atom
Motor vehicle
(although over six feet tall, the body of the Aerostar retained a drag coefficient of Cd=0.37, besting the Lincoln Mark VII). The model line was sold
Ford_Aerostar
Motor vehicle
tests showing a drag coefficient of Cd=0.14 on a one-fifth scale model of the car. By comparison, a 2017 Tesla Model 3 has a drag coefficient of Cd=0.23.
Fiat_Turbina
Sports car manufactured by Japanese automobile manufacturer Nissan
development team. The team set a numerical target for the car to achieve a drag coefficient of Cd=0.28 or lower, combined with front and rear downforce, which
Nissan_GT-R
Motor vehicle
seating for five passengers. Noted for its aerodynamic body shape with a drag coefficient of 0.318, fully independent hydro-pneumatic brakes and self-levelling
Citroën_GS
Species of marine cnidarian
Lagrangian model backwards in time, using wind velocity and a wind drag coefficient as drivers of the man o' war motion. They found that the region of
Portuguese_man_o'_war
Range of automobiles
the North American specification featured longer bumpers, and has drag coefficient of Cd=0.29 (coupe) and Cd=0.31 (sedan), respectively. The bumpers were
Mitsubishi_Mirage
Quantity in a hydraulic circuit
that are most vulnerable to cavitation. If cavitation occurs, the drag coefficient of the impeller vanes will increase drastically—possibly stopping flow
Net_positive_suction_head
W_{1}^{2}/2}}\right)} where: C L {\displaystyle C_{L}} is lift coefficient C d {\displaystyle C_{d}} is the drag coefficient β 1 {\displaystyle \beta _{1}} is the inlet
Blade_solidity
Motor vehicle
coupe variant weighed 3,469 lb (1,574 kg), cost $187,710, and had a drag coefficient of 0.52. The Venom 1000TT is powered by an 8.5 liter V10 motor from
Hennessey Viper Venom 1000 Twin Turbo
Hennessey_Viper_Venom_1000_Twin_Turbo
Series of grand tourer cars
wishbone front suspension and a multilink rear suspension. It had a drag coefficient of 0.33. The better equipped S variant was unveiled at the 2008 Geneva
Maserati_GranTurismo
Fictional spacecraft from Star Wars
Design virtual wind tunnel program. Of those tested, the Y-wing had a drag coefficient of .68, which, while worse than the real-life example of the F-4E Phantom
Y-wing
Most aerodynamic shape for supersonic vehicles
{\displaystyle D_{\text{wave}}} is the wave drag force, C D wave {\displaystyle C_{D_{\text{wave}}}} is the drag coefficient (normaled by the dynamic pressure and
Sears–Haack_body
British luxury electric vehicle
264 miles (425 km), and WLTP range of 321 miles (517 km). It has a drag coefficient of 0.25, making it the most aerodynamic production model Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce_Spectre
Structure attached to a towed cable
hydrodynamic drag coefficient and loading functions. These describe the variation in drag/lift coefficients (or normal/tangential force coefficients) as a function
Cable_fairing
Total force necessary to maintain a rail vehicle in motion
conditions than in still air, and for small angles the relation between drag coefficient and yaw angle is approximately linear. In the years, empirical relations
Rail_vehicle_resistance
Range-extended full-size luxury minivans
mm and a drag coefficient of 0.259Cd, while the V680 measures 5320 mm × 2006 mm × 1850 mm with a wheelbase of 3290 mm and a drag coefficient of 0.264Cd
Maextro_V800
British, acoustic homing, light-weight
nose to reduce the drag coefficient. Experiments using buoyancy-propelled torpedoes in 1969 had shown reductions in the drag coefficient up to 25%. However
Sting_Ray_(torpedo)
Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature
The Seebeck coefficient (also known as thermopower, thermoelectric power, and thermoelectric sensitivity) of a material is a measure of the magnitude
Seebeck_coefficient
Luxury SUV model from Lexus
a departure angle of 29° raised (25° normal). The GX 470 carried a drag coefficient of Cd=0.38. The interior came equipped with two rows of seating, while
Lexus_GX
1887 investigation of the speed of light
Fresnel's dragging coefficient, according to which the aether and thus light are partially dragged by moving matter. Partial aether-dragging would thwart
Michelson–Morley_experiment
Luxury car series produced by Lexus
0-millimetre (2.4 in)) but weighed less than the previous model, and its drag coefficient was Cd=0.29, improved over its predecessor. For the first time, an
Lexus_ES
Mid-engined Italian sports car
drag coefficient or maximum downforce depending on the situation. The Huayra's designer Horacio Pagani states that it has a variable drag coefficient
Pagani_Huayra
Ninth generation of the Ford Thunderbird
aerodynamic body design for Ford vehicles in North America (reducing its drag coefficient from 0.50 to 0.35), followed by the 1984 Ford Mustang SVO and Ford
Ford Thunderbird (ninth generation)
Ford_Thunderbird_(ninth_generation)
Hybrid compact car produced by Toyota
Kammback body balances length and wind resistance, resulting in a drag coefficient of Cd=0.26. The development effort, led by chief engineer Shigeyuki
Toyota_Prius
Prediction model used in Engineering
reference results for the drag coefficient of the airfoil, based on a large number of CFD simulations. Note that the lowest drag, which corresponds to 'optimal'
Gradient-enhanced_kriging
Motor vehicle
achieved a record 0.28 drag coefficient in its class. Due to its bigger tires and need for more cooling intakes, the Turbo's drag coefficient was a bit higher:
Renault_Alpine_GTA/A610
Car model
third generation Audi 100 achieved a remarkably low (for its time) drag coefficient of 0.30, featuring flush greenhouse sides with unique sliding window
Audi_100
British sports car designed and manufactured by McLaren Automotive
and thus the engine bay was not constructed from CFRP. The overall drag coefficient on the standard McLaren F1 is Cd=0.32, compared with Cd=0.36 for the
McLaren_F1
Sport equipment
Furthermore, feathered shuttlecocks are recorded as having a constant drag coefficient. Contrarily, championship-grade synthetic shuttlecocks show less consistency
Shuttlecock
Italian compact executive sedan
All-wheel drive is offered in non-Quadrifoglio models. The Giulia has a drag coefficient of Cd=0.28. The Guardian, testing a two-litre petrol model, described
Alfa_Romeo_Giulia_(2015)
Fictional fighter craft
Phantom with its 0.02 drag coefficient. These poor results were rationalized with the in-universe explanations that drag coefficient plays no role in space
X-wing_fighter
Full-size luxury SUV
vehicle adopts the design concept called "Kunpeng Zhanyi", and it has a drag coefficient of 0.264 Cd for the EV version and 0.279 Cd for the EREV version. Developed
AITO_M9
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance