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Measure of the fairness of electoral districts
The efficiency gap is a measure to determine the fairness of electoral districts for first-past-the-post voting with a two-party system. It measures which
Efficiency_gap
Improvement potential of energy efficiency
Energy efficiency gap refers to the improvement potential of energy efficiency or the difference between the cost-minimizing level of energy efficiency and
Energy_efficiency_gap
Form of political manipulation
resulting percentage is the efficiency gap. In 2017, Boris Alexeev and Dustin Mixon proved that "sometimes, a small efficiency gap is only possible with bizarrely
Gerrymandering
Discipline that includes topics related to supply and use of energy in societies
potential energy efficiency is not always able to be achieved, thus creating an energy efficiency gap. While the energy efficiency gap considers economical
Energy_economics
Measure of lifetime average net present cost of electricity generation
terms, i.e. including adjustment for expected inflation. An energy efficiency gap phenomenon exists due to observed lack of consideration of and implementation
Levelized_cost_of_electricity
American economist
evidence in favour of an energy efficiency gap, i.e. whether consumers and firms fail to invest as much into energy efficiency as the expected increases in
Michael_Greenstone
Type of electoral system
Efficiency gap: The efficiency gap measures gerrymandering and has been scrutinized in the Supreme Court of the United States. The efficiency gap is
Plurality_voting
Ratio of energy extracted from sunlight in solar cells
band gap for the solar spectrum have a maximum theoretical efficiency of 33.16%, the Shockley–Queisser limit. Solar cells with multiple band gap absorber
Solar-cell_efficiency
Votes that do not impact an election
measured by the efficiency gap. The efficiency gap is a frequently discussed method of measuring gerrymandering. A non-zero efficiency gap almost always
Wasted_vote
2018 United States Supreme Court case
Wisconsin ruled in favor of the Democrats, based on the evaluation of the efficiency gap measure developed for this case, and ordered Wisconsin to redo its districts
Gill_v._Whitford
American legal scholar specializing in election law
PlanScore, a platform for evaluating district plans. He co-invented the efficiency gap, a metric used to measure potential gerrymandering in electoral systems
Nicholas_Stephanopoulos
6-speed automatic transmission from 2005
which can be fully disengage when stationary, largely closing the fuel efficiency gap between vehicles with automatic and manual transmissions.[citation needed]
AWTF-80_SC
Maximum theoretical efficiency of a solar cell
gap of 1.1 eV, resulting in a maximum efficiency of about 32%. Modern commercial mono-crystalline solar cells produce about 24% conversion efficiency
Shockley–Queisser_limit
Lithuania–Poland border area
from NATO could be held north of the Suwałki Gap, in south-western Lithuania, due to better efficiencies for the Russian forces; the same route was assumed
Suwałki_Gap
efficiency gap was considered to be the first tool that met both Kennedy's and Stevens' suggestions. The first major legal test of the efficiency gap
Gerrymandering in the United States
Gerrymandering_in_the_United_States
Mathematical compactness measure of a shape
cases to sufficiently fulfill the One man, one vote criterion and low efficiency gap would result in low Polsby–Popper compactness. Isoperimetric inequality
Polsby–Popper_test
Energy range in a solid where no electron states exist
solid-state physics and solid-state chemistry, a band gap, also called a bandgap or energy gap, is an energy range in a solid where no electronic states
Band_gap
Property of photosensitive devices
than twice the band gap energy and can create two or more electron-hole pairs per incident photon. Two types of quantum efficiency of a solar cell are
Quantum_efficiency
6-speed automatic from 2005
which can be fully disengage when stationary, largely closing the fuel efficiency gap between vehicles with automatic and manual transmissions. In order to
Ford_6R_transmission
6-speed automatic from 2005
which can be fully disengage when stationary, largely closing the fuel efficiency gap between vehicles with automatic and manual transmissions. In order to
GM_6L_transmission
American geographer
the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. With Eric Hirst, she coined the term "energy efficiency gap" and pioneered research to highlight and quantify the unexploited economic
Marilyn_A._Brown
Winner-takes-all voting systems tend to result in only two viable parties
model - a Duvergerian logical predictive model of electoral systems Efficiency gap – Measure of the fairness of electoral districts Micromega rule – Preferences
Duverger's_law
Maximum possible efficiency of electrical power from sunlight
and are therefore subject to the thermodynamic efficiency limit. Photons with an energy below the band gap of the absorber material cannot generate an electron-hole
Thermodynamic efficiency limit
Thermodynamic_efficiency_limit
Type of data compression
as PNG. By adding further compression, a programmer can reduce the efficiency gap. The extra layer can be decompressed by the CPU so that the GPU receives
Texture_compression
World's first 6-speed automatic from 2000
which can be fully disengage when stationary, largely closing the fuel efficiency gap between vehicles with automatic and manual transmissions. In order to
ZF_6HP_transmission
Overview of democracy measures
median voter. Other measured aspects of democracy include voter turnout, efficiency gap, wasted vote, and political efficacy. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index
Democracy_indices
Device that generates sparks in internal combustion engines
directly, but will show up as a reduction in the engine's power and fuel efficiency. Gap adjustment is not recommended for iridium and platinum spark plugs
Spark_plug
House elections for the 113th U.S. Congress
elected Democratic candidates, has also been cited as causing some of the efficiency gap. The GOP also benefited from having a greater number of incumbents,
2012 United States House of Representatives elections
2012_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
Thermally driven separation process
flux and energy efficiency. In AGMD, uniquely important design features include gap thickness, condensing surface hydrophobicity, gap spacer design, and
Membrane_distillation
success'. An estimated 30% efficiency gap in railway operations compared with the continent contributes to an overall efficiency gap in transport "equivalent
Impact of the privatisation of British Rail
Impact_of_the_privatisation_of_British_Rail
World's first 7-speed epicyclic gearset from 1992
which can be fully disengage when stationary, largely closing the fuel efficiency gap between vehicles with automatic and manual transmissions. In order to
Lepelletier_planetary_gearset
Methods for higher energy efficiency
Efficient energy use, or energy efficiency, is the process of reducing the amount of energy required to provide products and services. There are many technologies
Efficient_energy_use
Form of research
"Searching for hidden costs: A technology-based approach to the energy efficiency gap in light-duty vehicles". Energy Policy. 98: 590–606. Bibcode:2016EnPol
Qualitative_research
determines the luminous efficiency of the device. Quaternary and higher compositions allow adjusting simultaneously the band gap and the lattice constant
List of semiconductor materials
List_of_semiconductor_materials
Conflict of interest when one person acts on another's behalf
pp. 107–118. Jaffe, Adam B; Stavins, Robert N (1994). "The energy efficiency gap: What does it mean?" (PDF). Energy Policy. 22 (10): 805. Bibcode:1994EnPol
Principal–agent_problem
9th Administrator of the Energy Information Administration
Newell, Richard G; Stavins, Robert N (2017). "Assessing the energy-efficiency gap" (PDF). Journal of Economic Literature. 55 (4). American Economic Association:
Richard_G._Newell
Centralized investment and economic input decision-making model under Leninist states
less efficient than both developed and developing countries, and this efficiency gap had only widened in the years of analysis. It was seen that Hungary
Economic planning systems of communist states
Economic_planning_systems_of_communist_states
Practical physics application
cause slow loss of efficiency of the device or sudden failure. The wavelength of the light emitted is a function of the band gap of the semiconductor
Light-emitting_diode_physics
Lower house of the Wisconsin Legislature
2021, the Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism reported the efficiency gap had further increased to 16.6% in favor of Republicans. On July 8, 2015
Wisconsin_State_Assembly
American university teacher
263597. ISBN 0897919025. S2CID 53236196. "Transmuter: Bridging the Efficiency Gap using Memory and Dataflow Reconfiguration" (PDF). Yuan Lin; Hyunseok
Trevor_Mudge
Measure of electoral disproportionality
election disproportionality affects smaller or larger parties more. Efficiency gap Wasted vote Gallagher, Michael. "Proportionality, disproportionality
Sainte-Laguë_Index
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy - Energy distance - Energy drift - Energy efficiency gap - Energy-efficient landscaping - Energy elasticity - Energy engineering
Index_of_energy_articles
Device used to produce electricity from light
band gap of 1.6–1.8 eV as a top cell can reduce thermalization loss, produce a high external radiative efficiency and achieve theoretical efficiencies over
Solar_cell
2008 scheme of the Government of India
follows: National Solar Mission National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission on Sustainable Habitat National Water Mission National
National Action Plan for Climate Change
National_Action_Plan_for_Climate_Change
Measure of electoral disproportionality
disproportionate election in [British] history". Politics portal Democracy indices Efficiency gap Special Committee on Electoral Reform (a Canadian Parliamentary Committee)
Gallagher_index
Video compression format, succeeds H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), also known as H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2, is a patent-encumbered video compression standard designed as part of the MPEG-H
High_Efficiency_Video_Coding
Crude oil refinery of Nigeria
crude inputs were realized as refined output products, a significant efficiency gap. Operations were thus suspended until a plan for profitability could
Port Harcourt Refining Company
Port_Harcourt_Refining_Company
Measurement of difference between votes received and seats won
proportional part of the system Loosemore-Hanby Index in PolRep, an R package. Efficiency gap Loosemore, John; Hanby, Victor J. (October 1971). "The Theoretical Limits
Loosemore–Hanby_index
Schottky barrier solar cell
Schottky-junction is an attempt to increase the efficiency of solar cells by introducing an impurity energy level in the band gap. This impurity can absorb more lower
Schottky_junction_solar_cell
Political slogan
index (used often in the context of proportional representation) or the efficiency gap (used commonly in context of two-party systems and First-past-the-post
One_man,_one_vote
Application-level throughput of a network
while Ethernet needs to transport 1500 + 38 = 1538 bytes. The overall efficiency is 1460 / 1538 = 94.9%. Accordingly, the maximum goodput for any application
Goodput
Solar-cell architecture
band gaps, forming the carrier-separating heterojunctions that are analogous to the p-n junction of traditional solar cells. The high efficiency of heterojunction
Heterojunction_solar_cell
American economist
Reason – via Nexis Uni. Lomborg, Bjørn (July 23, 2016). "Please mind the efficiency gap and beware the Pollyannas of renewable power". The Australian. Levinson
Arik_Levinson
financial resources (fiscal efficiency) and what are the impacts of this tax system on overall economic efficiency. If tax efficiency needs to be assessed,
Tax_efficiency
Agricultural product movement concept
users of digital technologies. This has the impact of widening the efficiency gap between larger farms or plantations and smallholder farmers, leading
Agricultural_value_chain
Scholars disagree on how to quantify the efficiency of slavery. In Time on the Cross Fogel and Engerman equate efficiency to total factor productivity (TFP)
Economics of slavery in the United States
Economics_of_slavery_in_the_United_States
Term related to educational inequalities
The term 30-million-word gap (often shortened to just word gap) was originally coined by Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley in their book Meaningful Differences
Word_gap
Ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to work required
increases the efficiency (and the cost) relative to the power of the compressor, and also by reducing the system's internal temperature gap over the compressor
Coefficient_of_performance
Assembly of photovoltaic cells used to generate electricity
conversion efficiency, including its reflectance, thermodynamic efficiency, charge carrier separation efficiency, charge carrier collection efficiency and conduction
Solar_panel
Electric convertible sports car (2008–2012)
on the model. It has a top speed of 125 mph (201 km/h). The Roadster's efficiency, as of September 2008[update], was reported as 120 miles per gallon gasoline
Tesla Roadster (first generation)
Tesla_Roadster_(first_generation)
Machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
electric motors of acceptable efficiency was delayed for several decades by failure to recognize the extreme importance of an air gap between the rotor and stator
Electric_motor
Type of radio transmitter
A spark-gap transmitter is an obsolete type of radio transmitter which generates radio waves by means of an electric spark. Spark-gap transmitters were
Spark-gap_transmitter
manufacturers on efficiency classification, with three efficiency classes: Eff 1 for High Efficiency Eff 2 for Standard Efficiency Eff 3 for Low Efficiency The term
Premium_efficiency
Chemical compound
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a III-V direct band gap semiconductor with a zinc blende crystal structure. Gallium arsenide is used in the manufacture of
Gallium_arsenide
Cybersecurity technology
solutions provide automated assessments that help identify weaknesses or gaps in an organization's security posture. BAS tools work by executing simulated
Breach_and_attack_simulation
Maximizing effect while minimizing waste
Resource efficiency is the maximising of the supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order
Resource_efficiency
American investor and politician (born 1995)
false claims regarding an advisory role with the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), legal disputes concerning his business activities, and allegations
James_Fishback
Health care efficiency is a comparison of delivery system outputs, such as physician visits, relative value units, or health outcomes, with inputs like
Health_care_efficiency
Gap between current and desired performance of organization
guaranteed to impact upon the efficiency and effectiveness of senior executives and their management teams. The strategy gap is considered to be real and
Strategy_gap
Rate at which data is processed in communication networks
channel efficiency and packet drop rate in percentage are less ambiguous terms. The channel efficiency, also known as bandwidth utilization efficiency, is
Network_throughput
energy in excess of the band gap generates an entropy flow in the pV cell, rather than electric power. The energy efficiency ( η ϕ {\displaystyle \eta _{\phi
Phonovoltaic
Defensive lines of the war
for first-line defense, with fieldworks to contain breakthroughs. Northern gaps may be targeted but involve risks due to proximity to the Russian border
Fortifications of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Fortifications_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine
Photographic light source capable of producing sub-microsecond light flashes
An air-gap flash is a photographic light source capable of producing sub-microsecond light flashes, allowing for (ultra) high-speed photography. This
Air-gap_flash
Taiwanese government policy
pointed out that strengthening English instruction may further widen the gap between resource-rich students from less-privileged students, and deemed
2030_Bilingual_Nation
Aircraft fuel efficiency
economy in aircraft is the measure of the transport energy efficiency of aircraft. Fuel efficiency is increased with better aerodynamics and by reducing weight
Fuel_economy_in_aircraft
Type of electric motor construction
An axial flux motor (axial gap motor, or pancake motor) is a geometry of electric motor construction where the gap between the rotor and stator, and therefore
Axial_flux_motor
Use of AI to help detect fraud
complete tasks that are repetitive. The claim further states that such efficiencies allow for lowered resource requirements, which can then be further spent
Artificial intelligence in fraud detection
Artificial_intelligence_in_fraud_detection
The actions of the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) have attracted reactions from officials, scholars, and citizens. While a majority supports
Response to the Department of Government Efficiency
Response_to_the_Department_of_Government_Efficiency
Gender biases in digital technology
left behind in digital skills education. Globally, digital skills gender gaps are growing, despite at least a decade of national and international efforts
Gender_digital_divide
Disk format and access using sector sizes larger than 512 bytes
size of standard transactions in relational database systems. Format efficiency gains resulting from the 4K sector structure range from 7 to 11 percent
Advanced_Format
British musician (1953–2001)
Heat (1979), was two years in the making. The maxi-single Health and Efficiency (1980) permitted Williams to demonstrate his now considerable skill. Their
Gareth Williams (British musician)
Gareth_Williams_(British_musician)
Controlling or altering the band gap of a material
suitable for use as a high efficiency photoanode in a photoelectrochemical cell. They tracked the changes to the band gap and the charge carrier effective
Band-gap_engineering
remained stable. At the same time, farmers began to grow other crops and efficiency was increased in certain sectors.[citation needed] After 2000, land reform
Agriculture_in_Ukraine
Type of particle accelerator
by applying an electric field across an accelerating gap. The force on a particle crossing this gap is given by the Lorentz force law: F = q [ E + ( v ×
Cyclotron
Nitrogen fixation process using electrical arcs
of a U-shaped electromagnet around a spark gap so that the gap between them was perpendicular to the gap between the electrodes, and which was later
Birkeland–Eyde_process
Solar power cell with multiple band gaps from different materials
limiting efficiency value is consistent with the values published by Parrott and Vos in 1979: 64% and 68.2% respectively, there is a small gap between
Multi-junction_solar_cell
from many families' housework efficiency. In terms of economic participation and opportunity, Pakistan has a 66.9% gender gap, meaning men have 66.9% higher
Gender_gap_in_Pakistan
Stormwater treatment system
$500 per year for each tree box filter. In order to extend the life and efficiency of the tree box filter, it is recommended that inspections be conducted
Tree_box_filter
Distance traveled by a vehicle compared to volume of fuel consumed
The fuel economy (also called fuel efficiency or mileage) of an automobile relates to the distance traveled by a vehicle and the amount of fuel consumed
Fuel_economy_in_automobiles
Type of solar cell based on quantum dot devices
maximum solar conversion efficiency occurs in a material with a band gap of 1.34 eV. However, materials with lower band gaps will be better suited to
Quantum_dot_solar_cell
Seaport with automated, digitalized systems
automation, and data-driven solutions to optimize logistics, improve efficiency, enhance security, and reduce environmental impact. It uses technologies
Smart_port
Semiconductor light source
photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors
Light-emitting_diode
Alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics
x_{c}=V_{c}/V_{s}} and u is the ultimate efficiency factor, and v is the ratio of open circuit voltage Vop to band-gap voltage Vg, and m is the impedance matching
Perovskite_solar_cell
Evolutionary biology concept of prevention of negative inbreeding effects
fingerprinting have become more advanced and accessible, improving the efficiency and accuracy of measuring relatedness. Studying inbreeding avoidance in
Inbreeding_avoidance
American architect and entrepreneur
Inc. and The Gap to develop and implement pioneering environmental energy efficiency policies and operational systems to improve efficiency and productivity
John_Picard_(architect)
recycling processes, start-ups leverage their agility to fill technological gaps in the market. Furthermore, they generally do not need to purchase raw materials;
Plastic-to-Liquid
Omnidirectional circular bent dipole antenna
but do not touch, and the ends on either side of the gap may be flared out to form a larger air gap capacitor, whose spacing is used to fine-adjust the
Halo_antenna
Tesla stock. Dogecoin#Elon Musk and Dogecoin Department of Government Efficiency "Bloomberg Billionaires Index". Bloomberg L.P. June 21, 2026. Archived
Wealth_of_Elon_Musk
project saw 700 dwellings built to high efficiency standards. The results of this project show a significant gap between the energy used expected before
Building-energy performance gap
Building-energy_performance_gap
Nigerian property technology
Property Nigeria. Retrieved 2026-10-02. "New digital tools target efficiency gaps in Nigeria's real..." Daily Trust. Retrieved 2026-10-02. "Our Property
OurProperty_NG
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