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Method by which voters make a choice between options
An electoral system is a set of rules and mechanisms used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments
Electoral_system
This is a list of electoral systems by country in alphabetical order. An electoral system is used to elect national legislatures and heads of state. Up
List of electoral systems by country
List_of_electoral_systems_by_country
An electoral system (or voting system) is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined
List_of_electoral_systems
Family of voting systems
A mixed electoral system is one that uses different electoral systems to fill different seats in a legislature. Most often, this involves a First Past
Mixed_electoral_system
System by which New Zealand parliament is elected
The New Zealand parliamentary electoral system has been based on the principle of mixed-member proportional (MMP) since the 1996 election. MMP was introduced
Electoral system of New Zealand
Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand
Plurality voting system
other countries that were using FPP abandoned it in favor of other electoral systems. FPP is still used in the majority of US states for most elections
First-past-the-post_voting
The electoral system of Brazil is the set of means used to choose representatives and government members of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The current
Electoral_system_of_Brazil
Federal Bundestag election regulation
single-vote system was used. Using this single vote, the voter elected both a state party list and a direct candidate of the same party from his electoral district
Electoral_system_of_Germany
The electoral system used for the election of members of the Australian Parliament is governed primarily by the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918. The system
Electoral_system_of_Australia
Voting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totals
Proportional representation (PR) is achieved by any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected
Proportional_representation
Change in an electoral system
Electoral reform is a change in electoral systems that alters how public desires, usually expressed by cast votes, produce election results. Reforms can
Electoral_reform
Method for allocating seats in parliaments
Australian Electoral Commission using a modified d'Hondt electoral system. The electoral system consisted of the d'Hondt system, the Australian Senate system of
D'Hondt_method
Electoral district with one representative in a legislature
A single-member district or constituency is an electoral district represented by a single officeholder. It contrasts with a multi-member district, which
Single-member_district
The electoral system of India relates to regulation of elections to both chambers of the Parliament (the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha), the president
Electoral_system_of_India
Israeli politician (born 1970)
that Israel’s electoral system is no worse than those of other democracies and therefore should not be changed. „All electoral systems in democracies
Einat_Wilf
Correction method used in some voting systems
correction is an optional mechanism of electoral systems, which corrects the results of one part of the system based on some criterion to achieve a certain
Compensation (electoral systems)
Compensation_(electoral_systems)
26 August 2029. The electoral system used in the 2029 election is expected to change based on the recommendations of the Electoral Reform Consultation
Next South African general election
Next_South_African_general_election
The electoral system of Turkey varies for general, presidential and local elections that take place in Turkey every five years. Turkey has been a multi-party
Electoral_system_of_Turkey
parliaments can occur in certain situations. The five electoral systems used are: the single member plurality system (first-past-the-post), the multi-member plurality
Elections in the United Kingdom
Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom
Use of different electoral systems in different districts
using different electoral systems depending on which electoral district they belong to. This is distinct from other mixed electoral systems that use parallel
Coexistence (electoral systems)
Coexistence_(electoral_systems)
Proportional-representation voting system
Hare–Clark is a type of single transferable vote electoral system of proportional representation used for elections in Tasmania and the Australian Capital
Hare–Clark_electoral_system
The Canadian electoral system is based on a parliamentary system of government modelled on that of the United Kingdom. The Parliament of Canada consists
Canadian_electoral_system
Comparative politics for electoral systems
methods and results of comparing different electoral systems. There are two broad methods to compare voting systems: Metrics of voter satisfaction, either
Comparison of electoral systems
Comparison_of_electoral_systems
State election in Saarland, Germany
(PDF) (in German). Landtag of Saarland. Retrieved 3 December 2025. "Electoral system of Saarland" (in German). Wahlrecht.de. Retrieved 3 December 2025.
2027_Saarland_state_election
List of persons who are eligible to vote in a particular electoral district
An electoral roll (variously called an electoral register, voters roll, voters list, poll book or other description) is a compilation that lists citizens
Electoral_roll
Aspect of politics in Scotland
uses different electoral systems for elections to the Scottish Parliament, the UK Parliament and to local councils. A different system was also in use
Electoral_system_of_Scotland
Vote share required for representation
situations. For example, in some party-list proportional representation systems, an electoral threshold requires that a party must receive a specified minimum
Electoral_threshold
July 2026, Co-President Daniel Ortega announced the abolition of the electoral system, saying that Nicaragua would no longer hold elections in order to prevent
2026 Nicaraguan general election
2026_Nicaraguan_general_election
Representative subdivisions
An electoral district, sometimes called a constituency, riding, circumscription, electorate, or ward, is a geographical portion of a political unit, such
Electoral_district
Election for the 61st Parliament of Victoria
Victoria's Upper House electoral system". parliament.vic.gov.au. "Inquiry into Victoria's Upper House electoral system" (PDF). Electoral Matters Committee
2026_Victorian_state_election
Political issue in New Zealand
parliamentary and local government electoral systems. A landmark reform was the mixed-member proportional (MMP) system, implemented in 1996 following a
Electoral reform in New Zealand
Electoral_reform_in_New_Zealand
every level in the people's congress system...the tiered, indirect electoral mechanism in the People's Congress system ensures that deputies at the highest
Elections_in_China
electoral changes in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) on 11 March 2021 to "amend electoral rules and improve the electoral system"
2021 Hong Kong electoral changes
2021_Hong_Kong_electoral_changes
The electoral system of Hungary is the set of voting methods and rules used in Hungary, including mainly the system for electing members of the National
Electoral_system_of_Hungary
Upcoming elections by 2029
by 25 June 2029. The electoral system of Albania is constructed upon the principles defined in the constitution and the electoral code. As a parliamentary
Next Albanian parliamentary election
Next_Albanian_parliamentary_election
Voting system
The two-round system (TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to
Two-round_system
papers in Latvia". lsm.lv. 24 October 2024. Retrieved 21 May 2026. Electoral system Archived 6 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine IPU "Rīgas apgabalā Saeimas
2026 Latvian parliamentary election
2026_Latvian_parliamentary_election
Former constituency of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
created for the 1919 election. Under the proportional representation electoral system of the Weimar Republic, voters cast a vote for party lists. Parties
Upper_Bavaria–Swabia
Portal Electoral. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Electoral System Act 1985, art. 42. Electoral System Act 1985, art. 51. Electoral System Act
General_elections_in_Spain
An electoral reform referendum on whether to replace the first-past-the-post voting system with mixed-member proportional representation was held in New
1993 New Zealand electoral reform referendum
1993_New_Zealand_electoral_reform_referendum
Process by which a population chooses the holder of a public office
which office holders were chosen by lot. Electoral reform describes the process of introducing fair electoral systems where they are not in place, or improving
Election
System favoring larger parties over smaller ones
winner-take-all or (winner-takes-all) system is a type of voting system where representation in a governing body or electoral district is only awarded to the
Winner-take-all_system
des Députés (Chamber of Deputies): Electoral system IPU Sénat (Senate): Electoral system IPU "Haiti - FLASH : Electoral Decree Revealed, Diaspora and Women
2026_Haitian_general_election
Parliamentary electoral district in Austria
Electoral Systems. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024. "Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data
West Styria (National Council electoral district)
West_Styria_(National_Council_electoral_district)
Referendum in Guernsey
A referendum on electoral reform was held on 10 October 2018 in Guernsey to determine an electoral system for elections to the States of Guernsey. Voters
2018 Guernsey electoral system referendum
2018_Guernsey_electoral_system_referendum
under French electoral law. Senators are elected in constituencies corresponding to the departments of France, and the electoral system depends on the
2026_French_Senate_election
met". The president is elected using the two-round system. Article 33 of Guinea-Bissau's Electoral Law prohibits the publishing of any opinion polls.
2026 Guinea-Bissau general election
2026_Guinea-Bissau_general_election
This national electoral calendar for 2026 lists the national/federal elections scheduled to be held in 2026 in all sovereign states and their dependent
2026 national electoral calendar
2026_national_electoral_calendar
Crown entity administering elections in New Zealand
understanding of the electoral system; and Maintains confidence in the administration of the electoral system" The functions of the Electoral Commission are
Electoral Commission (New Zealand)
Electoral_Commission_(New_Zealand)
New Zealand government inquiry (1985–1986)
The Royal Commission on the Electoral System was formed in New Zealand in 1985 and reported in 1986. The decision to form the Royal Commission was taken
Royal Commission on the Electoral System
Royal_Commission_on_the_Electoral_System
Type of electoral system
Plurality voting is an electoral system in which the candidates in an electoral district who poll more than any other (that is, receive a plurality or
Plurality_voting
Sweden-based intergovernmental organization
and guidelines for electoral processes, and developed three extremely useful handbooks in the very beginning on Electoral System Design, Democracy and
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
International_Institute_for_Democracy_and_Electoral_Assistance
with 60 for women and 30 for people under the age of 40. Under the electoral system no party can win a majority in the parliament, and parties must form
2016 Moroccan general election
2016_Moroccan_general_election
round of the electoral session. In his inaugural address, he vowed to fight the mafias, drug trafficking, interference in the justice system, corruption
2028 Lebanese general election
2028_Lebanese_general_election
elections in the 21st century. Colombia's electoral system has a pervasive corruption issue, with electoral fraud, bribery, and other scandals occurring
Elections_in_Colombia
Referendum on electoral reform in 2009
electoral system should be used to elect legislators: the existing first-past-the-post electoral system or the BC single transferable vote electoral system
2009 British Columbia electoral reform referendum
2009_British_Columbia_electoral_reform_referendum
Voting for candidates by the public
chosen depends upon the electoral system used. The most commonly used systems are the plurality system and the two-round system for single-winner elections
Direct_election
system which was stubbornly unreceptive to the ouverture and centralist compromise that he required for his reforms to fully succeed". The electoral and
1981 French presidential election
1981_French_presidential_election
Type of mixed electoral system
(MMP or MMPR) is a type of representation provided by some mixed electoral systems which combine local winner-take-all elections with a compensatory
Mixed-member proportional representation
Mixed-member_proportional_representation
Senate electoral system". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2019. "Chamber of Deputies electoral system"
2026 Brazilian general election
2026_Brazilian_general_election
Japanese dominant party system since 1955
Electoral Incentives: Representing the Unorganized Under PR, Plurality, and Mixed-Member Electoral Systems". SSRN 1158628. "Will the "Neo 1955 system"
1955_System
Lower house of the Parliament of Morocco
27 January 2023. "IPU PARLINE database: MOROCCO (Majliss-annouwab), Electoral system". archive.ipu.org. Retrieved 22 July 2020. "Élections du 8 septembre :
House of Representatives (Morocco)
House_of_Representatives_(Morocco)
the two-round system, whilst 22 seats are elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency, with an electoral threshold of 5%
2025 Tajik parliamentary election
2025_Tajik_parliamentary_election
Electors of the U.S. president and vice president
In the United States, the Electoral College is the group of presidential electors that is formed every four years for the sole purpose of voting for the
United States Electoral College
United_States_Electoral_College
Guinea. 15 September 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2017. Chamber of Deputies: Electoral system IPU Senate: Electoral system IPU
2027 Equatorial Guinean parliamentary election
2027_Equatorial_Guinean_parliamentary_election
Overview of the electoral system of the Soviet Union
The electoral system of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was varying over time, being based upon Chapter XIII of the provisional Fundamental Law
Elections_in_the_Soviet_Union
Coverage and Press Releases". press.un.org. Retrieved 2025-04-30. Electoral system IPU Mapa Elaborado pelo Tribunal Constitucional Archived 2022-10-16
2022 São Toméan parliamentary election
2022_São_Toméan_parliamentary_election
to 4-year terms through party-list proportional representation (see electoral system, below), as mandated by the 1958 Basic Law: The Knesset. Knesset seats
Israeli_system_of_government
Type of electoral system
A party-list system is a type of electoral system that formally involves political parties in the electoral process, usually to facilitate multi-winner
Party-list_system
Parliamentary system of government
cabinet actually undertook executive decisions ("efficient"). The electoral system is often set out in a Representation of the People Act. Common ministerial
Westminster_system
a new constitution, which was promulgated the following year. The electoral system used the 44 provinces of South Vietnam as districts. Each province
1966 South Vietnamese Constitutional Assembly election
1966_South_Vietnamese_Constitutional_Assembly_election
Islands electoral system referendum – 56.65% no to a single constituency for the whole of the Islands 2011 Falkland Islands electoral system referendum
List of Falkland Islands referendums
List_of_Falkland_Islands_referendums
2027". PoliGlobe. Retrieved 13 July 2026. Electoral system IFES "Tunisian president makes new changes to electoral law". Arab News. 2022-09-17. Retrieved
2027 Tunisian parliamentary election
2027_Tunisian_parliamentary_election
With the 2017 electoral law, the country switched from a plurality voting system to a list-based proportional representation system. Thirty to sixty
Elections_in_Lebanon
differences at 1926 and 1959, when different electoral systems were adopted, as described in the "Electoral system" section. A Known as the Conservative Party
List of Alberta general elections
List_of_Alberta_general_elections
representation, with an electoral threshold of 3% for parties and 5% for alliances. Seats are allocated to alliances using the d'Hondt system, then to political
2009 Albanian parliamentary election
2009_Albanian_parliamentary_election
political parties participated. The six largest parties which passed the electoral threshold of 2% were the Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle (PDI-P)
Elections_in_Indonesia
supportive of Yeltsin were unsure how they would fare under the new electoral system. Most political parties were not well-established, and instead functioned
1993 Russian legislative election
1993_Russian_legislative_election
Grouping of candidates for election
An electoral list is a grouping of candidates for election, usually found in proportional or mixed electoral systems, but also in some plurality electoral
Electoral_list
The Peruvian electoral system has as its mission the planning, organization and execution of elections in Peru, as well as keeping a civil registry. As
Electoral_system_of_Peru
Electoral system in parts of Indonesia
system, or ikat system, is a voting practice used in parts of Indonesia's Western New Guinea (Papua) that deviates from standard national electoral practices
Noken_system
Fiji's electoral system is the result of complex negotiations, compromises, and experiments conducted over the years leading up to and following independence
Electoral_system_of_Fiji
parallel voting system, which acts as a mixed electoral system, with 37% of seats allocated using a first-past-the-post electoral system and 63% using a
Italian_electoral_law_of_2017
Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court of Vietnam. Electoral calendar Electoral system Politics of Vietnam "Vietnam Goes to The Polls With State-Approved
Elections_in_Vietnam
Government system dominated by only two major political parties
system is because the House of Representatives (which chooses the Prime Minister of Australia) is elected through the instant-runoff voting electoral
Two-party_system
Referendum on British Columbia's voting system
third referendum on electoral reform, following ones in 2005 and 2009. Voters were asked two questions: first, what electoral system should be used to determine
2018 British Columbia electoral reform referendum
2018_British_Columbia_electoral_reform_referendum
government". AP News. 14 December 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2024. Electoral system Archived 6 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine IPU "Rudenī 14.Saeimas
2022 Latvian parliamentary election
2022_Latvian_parliamentary_election
presidential system. The President, Senate and National Assembly are directly elected by voters, with elections organised by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries
Elections_in_Kenya
International non-profit organisation
The International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) is an international, non-profit organization founded in 1987. Based in Arlington, Virginia,
International Foundation for Electoral Systems
International_Foundation_for_Electoral_Systems
Elections held in Romania
election system of the two Chambers of Parliament confers them the same legitimacy, as both of them are the expression of the will of the same electoral body
Elections_in_Romania
The electoral system of Syria governs the election of the president, the People's Assembly (the national legislature), and local administrative councils
Electoral_system_of_Syria
constitutional crisis of 1993 and replaced by the Federal Assembly. The electoral system was changed following criticism of the 1989 Soviet Union legislative
1990 Russian Supreme Soviet election
1990_Russian_Supreme_Soviet_election
Lower house of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly
mixed compensatory system using a two votes: 63 deputies are elected by first-preference plurality to represent single-member electoral districts, 60 are
Chamber_of_Deputies_(Bolivia)
State legislature in Germany
Band III, Teilband 2, 2. Auflage von 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, S. 99. "Electoral system of Saarland" (in German). Wahlrecht.de. Retrieved 30 April 2021. "Constitution
Landtag_of_Saarland
Former constituency of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
for the January 1919 election. Under the proportional representation electoral system of the Weimar Republic, voters cast a vote for party lists. Parties
Merseburg (electoral district)
Merseburg_(electoral_district)
referendum Electoral calendar Italian electoral law of 2017 for the Parliament of Italy Primary elections in Italy Viganò, Edoardo Alberto (2023). "Electoral Incentives
Elections_in_Italy
Variant of party-list voting system
changed their electoral systems to use open lists to incorporate personalised representation to their proportional systems. In closed list systems, each political
Closed_list
Electoral system IPU Sao Tome and Principe to hold parliamentary and local elections this Sunday Vatican Radio, 10 October 2014 Angola: Electoral Observers
2014 São Toméan parliamentary election
2014_São_Toméan_parliamentary_election
Mixed electoral system
to the use of two or more electoral systems to elect different members of a legislature. More precisely, an electoral system is a superposition if it is
Parallel_voting
House of Representatives, and introducing a mixed-member proportional electoral system. The government stated that a new constitution could take effect by
Next_Fijian_general_election
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