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Multi-winner electoral system
The single transferable vote (STV) or proportional-ranked choice voting (P-RCV), also known as PR-STV and "proportional representation by means of the
Single_transferable_vote
How choices are tallied under multi-winner ranked-choice voting
The single transferable vote (STV) is a proportional representation system and also a ranked vote system that elects multiple winners. Under STV, an elector's
Counting single transferable votes
Counting_single_transferable_votes
Multi-winner, semi-proportional electoral system
Single non-transferable vote (SNTV) is a multi-winner electoral system in which each voter casts a single vote. Like first-past-the-post voting, SNTV
Single_non-transferable_vote
Voting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totals
representation with the single transferable vote", and finally, by the start of the 20th century, to "the single transferable vote" or sometimes "proportional
Proportional_representation
British advocacy group for electoral reform
seeks to replace first-past-the-post voting with proportional representation, advocating the single transferable vote, and an elected upper house of Parliament
Electoral_Reform_Society
Plurality voting system
voting – Non-proportional electoral system Single non-transferable vote – Multi-winner, semi-proportional electoral system Single transferable vote –
First-past-the-post_voting
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system
representation by means of the single transferable vote." Single transferable vote is a variant of instant-runoff voting where multiple winning candidates
Instant-runoff_voting
Voting systems that use ranked ballots
satisfying various voting groups and adherence to mathematical rules. In instant-runoff voting (IRV) and the single transferable vote system (STV), lower
Ranked_voting
complications and issues surrounding the application and use of single transferable vote proportional representation that form the basis of discussions
Issues affecting the single transferable vote
Issues_affecting_the_single_transferable_vote
Single-winner ranked-voting electoral system
contingent vote, other ranked-vote systems – such as single transferable voting (STV), instant-runoff voting (IRV), Coombs' method, and Baldwin's method – allow
Contingent_vote
Voting method in mixed-member systems
A mixed single vote (MSV) is a type of ballot in mixed-member electoral systems, where voters cast a single vote in an election, which is used both for
Mixed_single_vote
Choosing a candidate other than preferred to undercut a less desired one
opportunities for strategic voting, as can small electoral districts (e.g. those used most often with the single transferable vote). Proportional representation
Strategic_voting
Vote supporting only a single candidate
united majority voting for all other candidates. Single transferable vote removes the incentive for sincere strategic bullet voting, since lower rankings
Bullet_voting
Type of electoral system
topics Instant-runoff voting Approval Voting Score voting Single non-transferable vote Single transferable vote Runoff voting Mudambi, Navarra & Nicosia
Plurality_voting
Method by which voters make a choice between options
that single non-transferable voting or limited voting is, thus it is often called semi-proportional. Approval voting is a choose-all-you-like voting system
Electoral_system
Electoral system thresholds
the spare vote: Single transferable vote (and its single winner version instant-runoff voting also called the alternative vote), contingent vote, and supplementary
Spare_vote
Election result affecting losing candidate
occur in some methods of proportional representation, such as the single transferable vote (STV or RCV-PR) and the largest remainders method of party-list
Spoiler_effect
Electoral system used in some cities and states
of voting systems where voters rank candidates. In the US, the specific system is most often instant-runoff voting (IRV) or single transferable vote (STV)
Ranked-choice voting in the United States
Ranked-choice_voting_in_the_United_States
Version of the single transferable vote system
Indirect single transferable voting or Gove system is a version of single transferable vote (STV), where the vote transfer is determined by the candidate's
Indirect single transferable voting
Indirect_single_transferable_voting
Partially compensatory electoral system
vote linkage is an equivalent of the indirect single transferable vote among multi-tiered electoral systems (except for the mixed ballot transferable
Vote_linkage
Type of cast ballot in ranked voting
not implement mitigations. Two Australian jurisdictions use the single transferable vote, also known as the Hare–Clark proportional representation system:
Donkey_vote
Non-proportional electoral system
non-transferable vote, and block plurality voting, is a type of block voting method for multi-winner elections. Each voter may cast as many votes as the
Plurality_block_voting
Family of electoral systems
single transferable vote and winner-take-all systems. Examples of semi-proportional systems include the single non-transferable vote, limited voting, and
Semi-proportional representation
Semi-proportional_representation
Proportional-representation voting system
Hare–Clark is a type of single transferable vote electoral system of proportional representation used for elections in Tasmania and the Australian Capital
Hare–Clark_electoral_system
Comparative politics for electoral systems
first-past-the-post voting in 1917 Alberta general election to five-member plurality block voting in 1921 Alberta general election, to five-member single transferable voting
Comparison of electoral systems
Comparison_of_electoral_systems
Multiple-winner electoral system
Cumulative voting (sometimes called the single divisible vote) is an election system where a voter casts multiple votes but can lump votes on a specific
Cumulative_voting
lower house, the House of Representatives; and the use of the single transferable vote proportional representation system to elect the upper house, the
Electoral_system_of_Australia
Historically, the single transferable vote (STV) electoral system has seen a series of relatively modest periods of usage and disusage at various locations
History and use of the single transferable vote
History_and_use_of_the_single_transferable_vote
Number of votes a candidate needs to win
competing for a lesser number of seats. The common quotas used in single transferable voting elections (Hare and Droop) are such that no more can achieve quota
Electoral_quota
Method of voting
The mixed ballot transferable vote (MBTV) refers to a type of vote linkage-based mixed-member electoral system where a group of members are elected on
Mixed ballot transferable vote
Mixed_ballot_transferable_vote
Proportional-representation voting system
results to single transferable vote or the quota Borda system, where voters organize themselves into solid coalitions. The single transferable vote or the
Largest_remainder_method
Scottish unitary authority council in Argyll and Bute, Scotland
representative members make up the council, elected, since 2007, by single transferable vote and, before that, by the first-past-the-post system. The council
Argyll_and_Bute_Council
Individual voter's first choice
systems such as first preference plurality, ranked-choice voting (RCV), and the single transferable vote, first preferences for a candidate are considered most
First-preference_vote
Method to make collective decisions
voting, Single non-transferable voting and Single transferable voting); as many as are being elected in a multiple-member district (multiple voting as
Voting
Mixed electoral system with compensation
The alternative vote plus (AV+), or alternative vote top-up, is a semi-proportional voting system. AV+ was devised by the 1998 Jenkins Commission which
Alternative_vote_plus
Document used to cast votes in an election
from a South Australian Legislative Council election using the single transferable vote, common in Australian upper houses. Voters rank candidates using
Ballot
representatives from a multimember constituency. Unlike single transferable voting (STV), preferential block voting is not a method for obtaining proportional representation
Block_preferential_voting
Multi-winner electoral system in the United States
Above/below the line voting STV MMP Multiple states ban ranked-choice voting for local elections, which prevents the use of single transferable vote (STV), but
Proportional representation in the United States
Proportional_representation_in_the_United_States
Point-based ranked voting system
respect, it is similar to other ranked voting systems such as instant-runoff voting, the single transferable vote or Condorcet methods. The integer-valued
Borda_count
Multiple-winner electoral system
more posts, this system is called the single non-transferable vote or sometimes the strictly limited vote. The town of Voterville makes up an electoral district
Limited_voting
Strategic voting system
(such as those often used together with the single transferable vote). In this system, voters were asked to vote for a party candidate based on items such
Vote_management
Scottish unitary authority council in Highland, Scotland
multi-member wards and single transferable vote elections in 2007. The 1995 election created a council of 72 members, each elected from a single-member ward by
Highland_Council
55) is called single transferable vote. All public elections in the Republic of Ireland are described as using the single transferable vote, or "proportional
History and use of instant-runoff voting
History_and_use_of_instant-runoff_voting
Filling vacancies by electing runners-up
Countries often attempt to use countbacks with instant-runoff voting or single transferable vote, which often causes major problems and complications, because
Countback
Party-list addition system in elections
to a prespecified ranking in a preferential voting system like alternative vote or single transferable vote, as is used with the above-the-line system
Apparentment
Grouping of candidates for election
Replacement lists are sometimes used to fill casual vacancies in single transferable vote electoral systems. An example is European Parliament elections
Electoral_list
Constitutional legislative body in Malta
are returned from each of thirteen electoral districts using the single transferable vote electoral system, but additional members are elected in cases of
Parliament_of_Malta
limited vote system disappeared. With only two seats at the most in a district, limited vote could only take the form of single non-transferable voting, which
Multi-member constituencies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Multi-member_constituencies_in_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom
Electoral pathology or paradox
score). Negative responsiveness occurs in instant-runoff voting (IRV), the single transferable vote, and the two-round system. Some quota-based apportionment
Non-negative_responsiveness
Unitary authority council in Aberdeenshire, Scotland
Since 2007 elections have been held every five years under the single transferable vote system, introduced by the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004
Aberdeenshire_Council
Result of election after distribution of preferences
Hare–Clark single transferable vote system. Aside from Tasmania, TPP/TCP is not used in any other upper houses in Australia, with most using the single transferable
Two-party-preferred_vote
Democratic Socialists of America governing body
whom themselves are elected by their chapters' members using the single transferable vote. Fourteen of the committee seats are reserved for members who are
National_Political_Committee
Type of preferential voting system
candidates are allowed. In a transferable-vote system like the single transferable vote (STV) or instant runoff voting (IRV), a ballot is initially allocated
Optional_preferential_voting
Invalid ballot that is not counted
errors. Group voting tickets were introduced in Australia owing to the high number of informal votes cast in single transferable vote (STV) elections
Spoilt_vote
Multiple-winner electoral system
difference. Proportional approval voting Satisfaction approval voting Reweighted range voting Approval voting Single transferable vote Sainte-Laguë method D'Hondt
Sequential proportional approval voting
Sequential_proportional_approval_voting
Correction method used in some voting systems
and single transferable voting, where votes for eliminated candidates (and in the case of STV, surplus votes of elected candidates) are transferred to
Compensation (electoral systems)
Compensation_(electoral_systems)
Illegal interference with the process of an election
Preferential voting systems such as score voting and single transferable vote, and in some cases, instant-runoff voting, can reduce the impact of systemic electoral
Electoral_fraud
Upper house of Federal Parliament of Nepal
minority seat. The three open and three female seats are filled by single transferable vote, the two other seats by FPTP. The election is conducted by the
National_Assembly_(Nepal)
Referendum on electoral reform in 2009
legislators: the existing first-past-the-post electoral system or the BC single transferable vote electoral system (BC-STV) proposed by the British Columbia Citizen's
2009 British Columbia electoral reform referendum
2009_British_Columbia_electoral_reform_referendum
2011 referendum in the UK on reforming the voting system
with the remaining six being in London. The alternative vote and the single transferable vote (STV) for the House of Commons were debated in Parliament
2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum
2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum
Method for allocating seats in parliaments
for parties. Votes for parties below the electoral threshold are transferred to other candidates according to the single transferable voting method. This
D'Hondt_method
Ongoing debate on electoral reform
representation (PR) electoral system. British lawyer Thomas Hare invented single transferable voting, a candidate-based proportional representation election system
Proportional representation in the United Kingdom
Proportional_representation_in_the_United_Kingdom
Unitary authority in South Ayrshire, Scotland
wards, each with three or four directly elected councillors by the single transferable vote system, which creates a form of proportional representation. The
South_Ayrshire_Council
Type of multi-winner plurality/majority electoral system
where the voting system allows for the selection of multiple winners at once. Block voting falls under the multiple non-transferable vote category, a
Block_voting
Upper house of the Parliament of Australia
Indian Ocean Territories). Senators are popularly elected under the single transferable vote system of proportional representation in state-wide and territory-wide
Australian_Senate
Mixed electoral system with compensation
to adopt mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) or the single transferable vote (STV) had been defeated in a number of Canadian provinces (see
Dual-member mixed proportional
Dual-member_mixed_proportional
Election of South Australia's 57th parliament
compulsory voting, with full-preference instant-runoff voting for single-member electorates in the lower house, and optional preference single transferable voting
2030 South Australian state election
2030_South_Australian_state_election
Votes that do not impact an election
the overall popular vote. In list PR systems, this relationship is established based on party votes. In single transferable voting, most winners in each
Wasted_vote
Unitary authority in Renfrewshire, Scotland
Since 2007 elections have been held every five years under the single transferable vote system, introduced by the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004
Renfrewshire_Council
Principle that voting for a candidate should help them
the Droop quota (including all current implementations of the single transferable vote) allow for no-show paradoxes. Hamilton's method exhibits a milder
Participation_criterion
Upper house of the Parliament of Pakistan
membership of 96, provincial legislatures elect 23 each using single transferable vote; while four represent the federal capital. Members, referred to
Senate_of_Pakistan
Constituencies used in elections to Dáil Éireann
on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV), to a maximum term of five years. The configuration of
Dáil_constituencies
Council area of Scotland
Since 2007 elections have been held every five years under the single transferable vote system, introduced by the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004
East_Dunbartonshire
III. The 41 councillors were elected via single transferable vote. Note: "Votes" are the first preference votes. 2019: 3 x Sinn Féin, 2 x SDLP, 1 x UUP
2023 Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council election
2023_Armagh_City,_Banbridge_and_Craigavon_Borough_Council_election
City in Ohio, US
votes and permitting minorities to win their share of seats." Hamilton was one of several major Ohio cities that adopted the single transferable vote
Hamilton,_Ohio
Columbians voted in favour of the Single Transferable Vote system. However the government required a vote of 60% to pass the change, and the vote result was
Elections_in_Canada
Legislative body in Portland, Oregon, US
as 2007. Portland became the most-populated city to adopt the single transferable vote to elect city council members. The first city council elections
Portland City Council (Oregon)
Portland_City_Council_(Oregon)
Voting system
ranked-choice voting and is used in a growing number of states and localities. In Ireland it is known as the single transferable vote (STV) and is used
Two-round_system
Lower house of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament)
years, on the system of proportional representation using the single transferable vote (PR-STV). Its powers are similar to those of lower houses under
Dáil_Éireann
Canadian hybrid proportional electoral system
proportional voting system in a 2018 referendum in the province. This version of rural–urban proportional would have used single transferable vote (STV) in
Rural–urban proportional representation
Rural–urban_proportional_representation
Vote share required for representation
percentage of votes (e.g. 5%), either nationally or in a particular electoral district, to obtain seats in the legislature. In single transferable voting, the
Electoral_threshold
Index of articles associated with the same name
Instant-runoff voting (IRV), a specific ranked voting system with single-winner districts Single transferable vote (STV), a specific ranked voting system with
Ranked-choice_voting
Criterion that prevents lesser-evil voting
favorite-betrayal criterion is a property of some voting systems that says voters should have no incentive to vote for someone else over their favorite. It protects
Sincere_favorite_criterion
Election systems
Instant-runoff voting and single transferable vote, referred to as "preferential voting" in Australia by way of conflation Bucklin voting, used in some
Preferential_voting
Electoral or law making voting system
Manitoba when it changed from a mixed system of single transferable voting and instant-runoff voting to a purely first past the post system in 1955, instituted
Weighted_voting
Senate of the parliament (1922–1936)
(by the single transferable vote from a list of 29); the Dáil nominated 38 candidates (from a list of 57, again by the single transferable vote). The 76
Seanad Éireann (Irish Free State)
Seanad_Éireann_(Irish_Free_State)
boundaries to create single-seat constituencies (with Queen's University retained as a 4-seat constituency elected by single transferable vote). Though it had
1929 Northern Ireland general election
1929_Northern_Ireland_general_election
Form of political manipulation
The Single Transferable Vote: An Alternative Remedy for Minority Vote Dilution, 27 U.S.F.L.Rev. 781, 806 (1993) (arguing that the Single Transferable Voting
Gerrymandering
Property of electoral systems
Plurality voting Instant-runoff voting Borda count Approval Voting Coombs' rule Bucklin voting (and the closely related median voting) Score Voting With plurality
Condorcet_winner
Class of electoral systems
system sometimes came to operate like plurality block voting or single non-transferable voting. In two states, it was found to violate the state constitution
Bucklin_voting
Formula in proportional-representation voting
did not prevent fair voting. The vote transfer ensured that the voting block that preferred Andrea and Chris did not suffer from vote splitting. If two candidates
Imperiali_quota
Devolved legislature of Northern Ireland
the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Members are elected under the single transferable vote form of proportional representation (STV-PR). In turn, the Assembly
Northern_Ireland_Assembly
Proportional-representation electoral system
attempt to distribute seats in proportion to the votes for each political party, e.g. a party with 30% of votes would receive 30% of seats. Exact proportionality
Sainte-Laguë_method
both houses had been increased at the election, and single transferable vote under a proportional voting system had been introduced for the election of the
1949 Australian federal election
1949_Australian_federal_election
Council area of Scotland
Since 2007 elections have been held every five years under the single transferable vote system, introduced by the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004
Falkirk_(council_area)
Selection of decision-makers by random sample
Doge of Venice was determined through a complex process of nomination, voting and sortition. Lot was used in the Venetian system only in order to select
Sortition
winner-take all system. Superposition/parallel voting Coexistence Fusion Correction Conditional Supermixed Single-winner/multiple winner system List / candidate
List_of_electoral_systems
Federal bicameral legislature of Australia
two self-governing territories. Senators are elected using the single transferable vote; as a result the chamber features a multitude of parties vying
Parliament_of_Australia
Family of voting systems
respective parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage). In most party list systems, a voter will only support
Party-list proportional representation
Party-list_proportional_representation
Single-winner electoral system
Approval voting is a single-winner rated voting system where voters approve of any number of candidates named on a ballot, and the candidate with the most
Approval_voting
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SINGLE TRANSFERABLE-VOTE
SINGLE TRANSFERABLE-VOTE
SINGLE TRANSFERABLE-VOTE
SINGLE TRANSFERABLE-VOTE
SINGLE TRANSFERABLE-VOTE
SINGLE TRANSFERABLE-VOTE
SINGLE TRANSFERABLE-VOTE
SINGLE TRANSFERABLE-VOTE
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