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Japan's political system
Emperor system (天皇制, Tennōsei) means the Japanese monarchy or state-system centered on the emperor, known in Japanese as the Tennō. In a narrow sense,
Emperor_system
Japanese historiographical perspective
Emperor-system fascism (天皇制ファシズム, Tennōsei fashizumu) or Japanese fascism (日本型ファシズム, Nihongata fashizumu; lit. "Japanese-style fascism") is the view that
Emperor-system_fascism
Emperor of Japan from 1926 to 1989
Emperor Shōwa (29 April 1901 – 7 January 1989), personal name Hirohito, was Emperor of Japan from 25 December 1926 until his death on 7 January 1989.
Hirohito
Political ideology in Japan
saw Japanese state ultranationalism as fascism and referred to it as "Emperor-system fascism" (天皇制ファシズム, Tennōsei fashizumu). American historian Robert O
Ultranationalism_(Japan)
Title of the ruling monarch of Japan since 660 BC
The Emperor of Japan is the hereditary monarch and head of state of Japan. The emperor is defined by the Constitution of Japan as the symbol of the Japanese
Emperor_of_Japan
Opposition to monarchism in Japan
in Japan (天皇制廃止論, Ten'nōsei haishi-ron, lit. "Emperor system abolition theory") or anti-Emperor system (反天皇制, Han ten'nōsei) was a minor force during
Anti-monarchism_in_Japan
Moral code of the samurai
morality system of the Heian period. The first proper Japanese central government was established around the year 700. Japan was ruled by the Emperor (Tennō)
Bushido
1877 Japanese samurai revolt
which a banzai charge had no appreciable effect. On 22 February 1889, Emperor Meiji pardoned Saigō posthumously. Statues in Ueno Park, Tokyo and near
Satsuma_Rebellion
Legendary first emperor of Japan
Emperor Jimmu (神武天皇, Jinmu Tennō; Japanese pronunciation: [dʑiꜜm.mɯ (ten.noː), dʑim.mɯ ten.noꜜː]) was the legendary first emperor of Japan according to
Emperor_Jimmu
Powerful feudal territorial lord in pre-modern Japan
land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominally to the emperor and the kuge (an aristocratic class). In the term, dai (大) means 'large'
Daimyo
Nationalist private militia in Japan (1968–70)
in Japan dedicated to traditional Japanese values and veneration of the Emperor. It was founded and led by author Yukio Mishima. The private militia was
Tatenokai
powers from partitioning Japan as they did with Germany; Preserving the Emperor system; Waiving requests for war reparations. These four 'benevolent acts'
Repaying_malice_with_virtue
Type of monarch
emperor (from Latin: imperator, via Old French: empereor) is the (male) ruler of an empire. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's
Emperor
Assimilation to Japanese culture
schools, "standard" Japanese was promoted, and portraits of the Japanese Emperor and Empress were introduced in classrooms. Many high-ranking Japanese military
Japanization
Japanese political concept
rule of the Emperors again after the Meiji Restoration. Each was a seitai, a form of government. In this understanding, the modern system of government
Kokutai
1930–31 far-right society in Japan
avowed goal was a Shōwa Restoration, which they claimed would restore Emperor Shōwa to his rightful place, free of party politics and evil bureaucrats
Sakurakai
official correspondence that began with "from the Emperor of the rising sun" was sent to Chinese Emperor Yang of Sui. Thus the central importance of the
Culture_of_Japan
Political ideology in Japan
dismantling of the party system. In the interpretation of Masao Maruyama, kokkashugi constituted a form of "emperor–system fascism" (tennōsei fascism)
Kokkashugi
Japanese general, prime minister from 1941 to 1944
Fascist Italy. In October 1941, he was appointed Prime Minister of Japan by Emperor Hirohito. Upon taking office as Prime Minister, Tojo prioritized the total
Hideki_Tojo
Japanese socialist politician (1898–1960)
contrast to the Japanese Communist Party's calls to "overthrow the emperor system", which Asanuma disliked and actively rejected despite his socialist
Inejirō_Asanuma
Japanese Edo period academic movement
NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 (in Japanese). NHK Publishing. Earl, David Margarey, Emperor and Nation in Japan, Political Thinkers of the Tokugawa Period, University
Kokugaku
Zen Buddhist anarcho-socialist (1874–1911)
outspoken advocate for redistributive land reform, overturning the Meiji emperor system, encouraging conscripts to desert en masse and advancing democratic
Uchiyama_Gudō
One hundred years, from 301 to 400
empire had changed in many ways since the time of Augustus. The two-emperor system originally established by Diocletian in the previous century fell into
4th_century
Historical Chinese political system
Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors before the switch to hereditary rule in the Xia dynasty. Emperor Yao abdicated and chose Emperor Shun as his successor
Abdication_system
Japanese author and coup attempt leader (1925–1970)
Society"), a private militia, for the purpose of protecting the dignity of the emperor as a symbol of national identity. The Tatenokai are interpreted by scholars
Yukio_Mishima
Japanese far-right politician and ultranationalist
Akao was arrested and imprisoned for a speech critical of Japan's Emperor system after being conscripted into military service, and later for attempted
Bin_Akao
China, and journalist Edward Luce termed such analogies "ahistorical". "Emperor-system fascism" (天皇制ファシズム, Tennōsei fashizumu) reflects a view that ultranationalistic
Fascism_in_Asia
Supporter of a particular monarch or claimant as the head of a kingdom
Party (JCP), recognise the Emperor System. In recent years, even the JCP has weakened its opposition to the emperor system to accommodate the majority
Royalist
Japanese politician
which came to be known as the “emperor organ theory”. Per Minobe, the “State”, or kokutai was supreme, and even the emperor was only an “organ of the State”
Tatsukichi_Minobe
1986 book by Germaine A. Hoston
issues including the Asiatic mode of production, the nature of the emperor system, and the agrarian question. She also utilizes their analyses to offer
Marxism and the Crisis of Development in Prewar Japan
Marxism_and_the_Crisis_of_Development_in_Prewar_Japan
Type of divine being in Shinto
son of an arahitogami." In 1946, at the request of the GHQ, the Shōwa Emperor (Hirohito) proclaimed in the Humanity Declaration that he had never been
Arahitogami
1936 coup d'état attempt in Japan
around the Throne," the officers would enable the Emperor to re-establish his authority. The Emperor would then purge those who exploited the people, restoring
February_26_incident
Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 800 to 1806
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum; German: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages
Holy_Roman_Emperor
Emperor of China from 1875 to 1908
instead of Manchu alphabet. The Guangxu Emperor (14 August 1871 – 14 November 1908), also known by his temple name Emperor Dezong of Qing, personal name Zaitian
Guangxu_Emperor
Japanese territorial conquests (1895–1945)
was created. The last Emperor of China, Puyi, was installed as head of state in 1932, and two years later he was declared Emperor of Manchukuo. The city
Japanese_colonial_empire
Japanese system of imperial politics
Heian period. In this bifurcated system, an emperor abdicated, but retained power and influence. Those retired emperors, who withdrew to live in monasteries
Cloistered_rule
System of conducting relations between states in the Chinese cultural sphere
Emperor at home, king abroad was a system of conducting relations between states within the Chinese cultural sphere. Rulers of lesser regimes would adopt
Emperor_at_home,_king_abroad
Japanese assassin (1943–1960)
admired (apart from the Emperor, whom he regarded as absolute and therefore separate): Regarding the figures I revere: The Emperor is absolute and thus separate
Otoya_Yamaguchi
1868 return to imperial rule in Japan
events restored practical power to, and consolidated the political system under, the Emperor of Japan. The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political
Meiji_Restoration
Japanese imperialist slogan popular during World War II
the chronicle Nihon Shoki to legendary first Emperor Jimmu at the time of his accession. The emperor's full statement reads: "Hakkō wo ooute ie to nasan"
Hakkō_ichiu
Title given to a male monarch
title of king is used alongside other titles for monarchs: in the West, emperor, grand prince, prince, archduke, duke or grand duke, and in the Islamic
King
Japanese dominant party system since 1955
The 1955 system (Japanese: 55年体制, Hepburn: 55-nen Taisei), also known as the one-and-a-half party system, is a term used by scholars to describe the dominant-party
1955_System
Emperor of Japan from 1912 to 1926
Emperor Taishō (31 August 1879 – 25 December 1926), personal name (imina) Yoshihito, was Emperor of Japan from 29 July 1912 until his death in 1926. His
Emperor_Taishō
into the national education system. In developing the modern concepts of State Shintoism (国家神道, kokka shintō) and emperor worship, various Japanese philosophers
Japanese_nationalism
Emperor of Japan since 2019
Naruhito (born 23 February 1960) is Emperor of Japan. He acceded to the Chrysanthemum Throne on 1 May 2019 following the abdication of his father, Akihito
Naruhito
Ruler of the Roman Empire
The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire, starting with the granting of the title augustus to Octavian in 27 BC. The title of imperator, originally
Roman_emperor
Emperor of China (1908–1912) and of Manchukuo (1934–1945)
February 1906 – 17 October 1967) was the last emperor of China, having reigned as the Xuantong Emperor of the Qing dynasty (1908–1912, with a brief restoration
Puyi
Japanese scholar and lawyer
Okami and her subsequent reincarnations as the successive emperors of Japan. Thus, the emperor was the sovereign and the father of the people whose authority
Hozumi_Yatsuka
The terms Tennō ('Emperor', 天皇), as well as Nihon ('Japan', 日本), were not adopted until the late 7th century CE. In the nengō system which has been in
List_of_emperors_of_Japan
Imperial Japan's use of the Shinto religion
for priests to strongly encourage Shinto practices that emphasized the emperor as a divine being. The State Shinto ideology emerged at the start of the
State_Shinto
Political party in Japan
armed forces to defend Japan and increasing the authority of the Japanese emperor. However it also invited to one of their discussions Kimura Mitsuhiro of
Ishin_Seito_Shimpu
Emperor of Japan from 1867 to 1912
Emperor Meiji (3 November 1852 – 29 July 1912), personal name Mutsuhito, was Emperor of Japan from 30 January 1867 until his death in 1912. The Meiji Restoration
Emperor_Meiji
Emperor of China (1435–1449, 1457–1464)
Zhengtong Emperor from 1435 to 1449, and as the Tianshun Emperor from 1457 to 1464. Emperor Yingzong was the eldest son and successor of the Xuande Emperor. After
Emperor_Yingzong_of_Ming
1920s–1930s faction of the Japanese Army
sought to establish a Shōwa Restoration by returning absolute power to the Emperor of Japan, purging the state of liberal politicians, bureaucrats, and industrial
Imperial_Way_Faction
Only the emperors who were recognized as legitimate rulers and exercised sovereign authority are included, to the exclusion of junior co-emperors who never
List_of_Byzantine_emperors
Japanese nation state from 1868 to 1947
return to the old Shogunate system, but in the form of a contemporary Military Shogunate. In such a government, the Emperor would once more be a figurehead
Empire_of_Japan
Extreme form of authoritarianism and a theoretical concept
and the democratic system bankrupt... Fascism will develop in Japan through the people's will. It will come out of love for the Emperor." A document produced
Totalitarianism
Emperor of China from 1661 to 1722
Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654 – 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, personal name Xuanye, was the third emperor of the
Kangxi_Emperor
Topics referred to by the same term
Japanese nationalism and may refer to: State ultranationalism (超国家主義) Emperor-system fascism Ethnic ultranationalism (超民族主義) Racism in Japan National essentialism
Japanese_ultranationalism
Japanese political philosopher, writer, and intellectual (1883–1937)
different eras of imperial rule, Kita argued that the function of the Emperor should change once again to be one of a representative of the whole people
Kita_Ikki
Radio station in Tokyo, Japan
Nippon Broadcasting System, Inc. (株式会社ニッポン放送, Kabushiki-gaisha Nippon Hōsō), or JOLF, is a Japanese radio station based in Yurakucho, Chiyoda ward, Tokyo
Nippon_Broadcasting_System
refers to the claim that the bloodline of the Japanese Emperor has never been interrupted since Emperor Jimmu. Bansei ikkei myth was promoted by scholars of
Bansei_ikkei
Nationalist slogan in 1850s Japan
Sonnō jōi (尊王攘夷; "revere the emperor, expel the barbarians") was a yojijukugo (four-character compound) phrase used as the rallying cry and slogan of
Sonnō_jōi
1837 fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen
"The Emperor's New Clothes" (Danish: Kejserens nye klæder [ˈkʰɑjsɐns ˈnyˀə ˈkʰleːðə, - ˈkʰleːɐ̯]) is a literary fairy tale written by the Danish author
The_Emperor's_New_Clothes
Militaristic ideology espoused by the Empire of Japan (1873–1945)
educational system were revised and pacifism was written into the postwar Constitution of Japan as one of its key tenets. 1926: Hirohito (Emperor Shōwa) became
Japanese_militarism
Title of the ruling monarch of Russia from 1721 to 1917
states system, including the importance of securing recognition from the Holy Roman Emperor of the equality of the titles of tsar and emperor. Following
Emperor_of_Russia
Christian symbol of authority
world or the universe, as the dominion held by the Emperor. A 2nd-century coin from the reign of Emperor Hadrian shows the Roman goddess Salus with her foot
Globus_cruciger
other Allied Powers. 2. A pledge to overthrow the Emperor system described as a combination of the Emperor and his court, the military and the administrative
Appeal_to_the_People
Title of the French monarchs from Napoleon I to Napoleon III
monarchy, but an introduction of a new political system: the French Empire. The title emphasized that the emperor governed over "the French people" (the nation)
Emperor_of_the_French
Prime Minister of Japan (1937–1939; 1940–1941)
the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Konoe remained a close advisor to Emperor Hirohito until the end of World War II and played a key role in the fall
Fumimaro_Konoe
Japanese journalist
development of his controversial political theory, wherein he postulated that Emperor of Japan was an "organ" of government, existing for the welfare of the
Kuga_Katsunan
Japanese activist (1935–1993)
Japan's loss in World War II, Japanese emperors had been deified, but the postwar constitution demoted the emperor to a symbolic, human role. Malcom, Andrew
Shūsuke_Nomura
Government where the monarch has absolute power
Austria was Emperor of Austria from 1848 until his death in 1916 and was succeeded by Charles I of Austria. Charles I was the last Emperor of Austria and
Absolute_monarchy
Japanese literary magazine
satirical story by Shichirō Fukazawa featuring a dream sequence in which the Emperor and Empress were beheaded with a guillotine. Japanese right-wing ultranationalist
Chūō_Kōron
Emperor of China from 1368 to 1398
The Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, reigning from
Hongwu_Emperor
National anthem of Japan
Empire accepted the Potsdam Declaration and came under Allied occupation, Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) retained the throne, and "Kimigayo" remained the de facto
Kimigayo
Failed Japanese coup d'état in August 1945
Japanese government and the Emperor would be subordinated to the headquarters of the Allies, a military occupational system that was also applied to the
Kyūjō_incident
Emperor of Japan from 1846 to 1867
Emperor Kōmei (孝明天皇, Kōmei-tennō; 22 July 1831 – 30 January 1867), personal name Osahito, was the 121st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional
Emperor_Kōmei
Emperor of China from 1449 to 1457
River's dam system, resulting in economic prosperity and a bolstering of the country's strength. After ruling for eight years, the Emperor fell ill and
Jingtai_Emperor
Voluntary or forced renunciation of sovereign power
Lucius Cornelius Sulla, the Roman dictator, in 79 BC; Emperor Diocletian in AD 305; and Emperor Romulus Augustulus in AD 476. Due to the complex nature
Abdication
Retrospective historiographical concept of Japanese fascism
pathologies of the Japanese state created a system of irresponsibility. Within the broader debate on Emperor-system fascism, the concept of techno-fascism
Techno-fascism_(Japanese)
Japanese political organization
Storm) was a Japanese organization advocating the abolition of the Emperor system and the establishment of a republican form. The full name is 反天皇制全国個人共闘・秋の嵐
Aki_no_Arashi
Manchu-led dynasty of China (1644–1912)
state he established the Eight Banners military system, and his son Hong Taiji was declared Emperor of the Great Qing in 1636. As Ming control disintegrated
Qing_dynasty
Empire of Japan's sole political party during much of World War II
scholar Masao Maruyama defined the ideology adhered by the group to be "Emperor-system fascism". Encyclopædia Britannica referred to Hideki Tojo as a fascist
Imperial Rule Assistance Association
Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Association
Wife of a reigning king
Mauryan emperor Queen Karuvaki, second consort of Ashoka, the third Mauryan emperor Queen Padmavati, third consort of Ashoka, the third Mauryan emperor Queen
Queen_consort
Name given to the regnal years of a Japanese emperor
(平成31年), which had started on the day after the death of Emperor Hirohito on 8 January 1989. The system on which the Japanese era names are based originated
Japanese_era_name
Emperor of Japan from 1817 to 1846
Emperor Ninkō (仁孝天皇, Ninkō-tennō; 16 March 1800 – 21 February 1846) was the 120th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. Ninkō's
Emperor_Ninkō
Japanese secret society (founded 1926)
a genuine people's state based on unanimity between the people and the emperor". At its height, the organization reached a nationwide membership of around
Kenkokukai
Emperor of China from 1424 to 1425
The Hongxi Emperor (16 August 1378 – 29 May 1425), personal name Zhu Gaochi, was the fourth emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, reigning from 1424 to
Hongxi_Emperor
Body of myths originating in Japan
direct descent from the sun goddess Amaterasu and her grandson Ninigi. Emperor Temmu enlisted the help of Hiyeda no Are who committed to memory the history
Japanese_mythology
2008 film by Rob Cohen
The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor is a 2008 American action adventure fantasy film directed by Rob Cohen from a script written by Alfred Gough and
The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor
The_Mummy:_Tomb_of_the_Dragon_Emperor
Female monarch that reigns in her own right
"female emperor") or josei tennō (女性天皇; "female heavenly emperor") has been used for empresses regnant of Japan because the title kōgō (皇后; "emperor's consort")
Queen_regnant
1932–1945 Japanese puppet state in northern China
with the permanent abolition of the dynastic system in the 1911 Xinhai Revolution, with Puyi, the final emperor of China, forced to abdicate at the age of
Manchukuo
Emperor of China from 221 to 210 BC
259 – 12 July 210 BC) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of China (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì). He invented the title huángdì
Qin_Shi_Huang
1890 edict in the Empire of Japan
(教育ニ関スル勅語, Kyōiku ni Kansuru Chokugo), or IRE for short, was signed by Emperor Meiji of Japan on 30 October 1890 to articulate government policy on the
Imperial Rescript on Education
Imperial_Rescript_on_Education
Official privileged social class
granted by the emperor, but served merely as honorifics based on a loose system of favours to the Qing emperor. Under a centralized system, the empire's
Nobility
Yoshino, both professors at Tokyo Imperial University. Both felt that the Emperor system and other elements of Japan's traditional kokutai were compatible with
Socialism in the Empire of Japan
Socialism_in_the_Empire_of_Japan
Japanese politician, diplomat, and legal scholar (1853-1942)
Meiji Constitution that was the product of this was promulgated by the Emperor in 1889. Kaneko worked closely with Itō Hirobumi, Inoue Kowashi and Itō
Kaneko_Kentarō
Emperor of China from 1722 to 1735
Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), also known by his temple name Emperor Shizong of Qing, personal name Yinzhen, was the fourth emperor of
Yongzheng_Emperor
Ancient Japanese Prince
to the Tohoku region. They supported and solidified the "Emperor System" founded by Emperor Jinmu. Taian Manpo, who compiled the Kojiki, is a descendant
Kamuyaimimi
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