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Uranium processed to increase the percentage of uranium-235
Enriched uranium is a type of uranium in which the percent composition of uranium-235 (written 235U) has been increased through the process of isotope
Enriched_uranium
extensive infrastructure of research sites, uranium mines, research reactors, uranium processing facilities, enrichment sites, the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant
Nuclear_program_of_Iran
2024 US Federal law
The Prohibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act (H.R. 1042) is a U.S. law enacted on May 13, 2024, banning low-enriched uranium imports from Russia. Approved
Prohibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act
Prohibiting_Russian_Uranium_Imports_Act
Uranium enrichment facility in Iran
The Fordow Uranium Enrichment Plant, officially the Shahid Ali Mohammadi Nuclear Facility (Persian: تأسیسات هستهای شهید علیمحمدی), is an Iranian underground
Fordow Uranium Enrichment Plant
Fordow_Uranium_Enrichment_Plant
American nuclear-fuel company
aims to develop domestic uranium enrichment capabilities for low-enriched uranium (LEU) and high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU). The company is focused
General_Matter
Uranium enrichment plant in Gansu, China
codename: Plant 504) is the largest uranium enrichment facility in China. It currently produces low-enriched uranium (LEU) for China's fleet of civilian
Lanzhou uranium enrichment plant
Lanzhou_uranium_enrichment_plant
Isotope of uranium
of uranium-235. Some reactor types can use natural uranium directly, while nuclear weapons and some others reactor types require uranium enriched in U-235
Uranium-235
Chemical element with atomic number 92 (U)
natural uranium are uranium-238 (which has 146 neutrons and accounts for over 99% of uranium on Earth) and uranium-235 (which has 143 neutrons). Uranium has
Uranium
Uranium enrichment facility in Cheshire, England
location for a gaseous diffusion enrichment plant for the UK's nuclear weapons programme. It first produced low enriched uranium for the Windscale Piles in
Capenhurst_nuclear_site
Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
It was a gun-type fission weapon which used uranium that had been enriched in the fissile isotope uranium-235 to power its explosive reaction. Little
Little_Boy
2025 war in West Asia
stockpiled 7730 kg of low enriched uranium, 275 kg of 20% highly enriched uranium, and 409 kg of 60% highly enriched uranium. Uranium is considered weapons-grade
Twelve-Day_War
92-proton element with the same mix of isotopes as found in nature, i.e. unenriched
use enriched uranium. Nuclear weapons take a concentration of 90% uranium-235, and light water reactors require a concentration of roughly 3% uranium-235
Natural_uranium
Isotope of uranium
is 234U. Enriched uranium contains more 234U than natural uranium as a byproduct of the uranium enrichment process aimed at obtaining uranium-235, which
Uranium-234
Isotope of uranium
enriching is downblending. Surplus highly enriched uranium can be downblended with depleted uranium or natural uranium to turn it into low-enriched uranium
Uranium-238
watchdog IAEA reported enrichment to levels approaching weapons-grade. It also found an unprecedented stockpile of highly enriched uranium without a credible
2025–2026 Iran–United States negotiations
2025–2026_Iran–United_States_negotiations
Former uranium enrichment plant in Pike County, Ohio, USA
of Piketon, Ohio, that previously produced enriched uranium, including highly enriched weapons-grade uranium, for the United States Atomic Energy Commission
Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant
Portsmouth_Gaseous_Diffusion_Plant
Material fuelling nuclear reactors
for non-enriched fuel but since switched to slightly enriched fuel with a 235 U content about 0.1 percentage points higher than in natural uranium. Various
Nuclear_fuel
Manhattan Project codename for a program to produce enriched uranium
codename given by the Manhattan Project to the program to produce enriched uranium for atomic bombs using the gaseous diffusion method. Originally the
K-25
Process of extraction of uranium ore from the ground
more enriched uranium from a given amount of natural uranium, by re-enriching tails ultimately leaving a depleted uranium tail of lower enrichment. This
Uranium_mining
Uranium with lower content of U235
natural uranium. The less radioactive and non-fissile 238U is the main component of depleted uranium. It is antonymous to "enriched uranium". Uranium is notable
Depleted_uranium
International agreement on the nuclear program of Iran
(medium-enriched uranium). Stocks in excess of 300 kg enriched up to 3.67% would be diluted to 0.7% or sold in return for uranium ore, while uranium enriched
Iran_nuclear_deal
Chemical compound
is used in enriching uranium for nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Uranium dioxide is converted with hydrofluoric acid (HF) to uranium tetrafluoride:
Uranium_hexafluoride
Uranium concentrate powder
ores. This material is produced after uranium mining but before either fuel fabrication or uranium enrichment. Yellowcake concentrates are created through
Yellowcake
World War II Allied nuclear weapons program
plants. The project proposed both highly enriched uranium and plutonium as fuel for nuclear weapons. Enriched uranium was produced at the Clinton Engineer
Manhattan_Project
to 234U. Enriched uranium contains more 234U than natural uranium as a byproduct of the uranium enrichment process aimed at obtaining uranium-235, which
Isotopes_of_uranium
American foreign policy think tank
of uranium. In 2002, NTI provided much of the financial support for a joint U.S.-Russian mission to remove 100 pounds of highly enriched uranium from
Nuclear_Threat_Initiative
Conditional UN sanctions on Iran
the enrichment of Uranium to 20%, and the construction of the Arak heavy water reactor. It also began diluting its stockpile of enriched uranium to no
Snapback mechanism of sanctions against Iran
Snapback_mechanism_of_sanctions_against_Iran
Nuclear device not intended for power or weapons
their fuel requires more highly enriched uranium, typically up to 20% U-235, although some use 93% U-235; while 20% enrichment is not generally considered
Research_reactor
Research reactor in Nigeria
Nigeria. In 2018, NIRR-1 completed a conversion from high-enriched uranium fuel to low-enriched fuel. NIRR-1 is a Miniature neutron source reactor (MNSR)
Nigeria_research_reactor-1
US nuclear ramjet project, 1957–1964
energy would burn about one gram of highly enriched uranium. A 490 MW reactor with 50 kilograms of uranium would therefore burn 1 percent of its fuel
Project_Pluto
Type of nuclear fuel
and fertile materials, including uranium, plutonium, and thorium. Early HTGRs used a mixture of highly enriched uranium (HEU) and thorium carbides or oxides
TRISO_fuel
Arms control agreement between Russia and US
to Megawatts Program, also called the United States-Russia Highly Enriched Uranium Purchase Agreement, was an agreement between Russia and the United
Megatons_to_Megawatts_Program
Nuclear operations in supplying fuel to French nuclear reactors
converted and enriched in France, or already enriched. For example, Kazakh uranium is converted and enriched in Russia, while uranium from Niger is converted
Nuclear_fuel_cycle_in_France
Very small nuclear reactor of 1-20 MW capacity
nuclear fuel source for the majority of the designs is "high-assay low-enriched uranium", or HALEU. Nuclear microreactors originated in the United States Navy's
Nuclear_microreactor
limits on Iran's nuclear program, capping uranium enrichment at 3.67% U-235, shrinking Iran's enriched uranium stockpile to 300 kg, and requiring the Arak
History of the nuclear program of Iran
History_of_the_nuclear_program_of_Iran
Concentrating specific isotopes of a chemical element
natural uranium into enriched uranium and depleted uranium is the largest application. This process is crucial in the manufacture of uranium fuel for
Isotope_separation
1965 investigation into loss of nuclear materials
was investigated for losing 200–600 pounds (91–272 kg) of highly enriched uranium, with suspicions that it had gone to Israel's nuclear weapons program
Apollo_affair
Nuclear facility in Iran
which was built near Natanz for uranium enrichment. This center is part of Iran's nuclear program. The underground enrichment facility of this center is protected
Natanz_Nuclear_Facility
American nuclear fuel supply company
found in low-enriched uranium that is used in existing light-water reactors. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 created the United States Enrichment Corporation
Centrus_Energy
cascade to enrich uranium "up to 19.8%", to match the previously foreign supplied fuel. 20% is the upper threshold for low enriched uranium (LEU). Though
Iran and weapons of mass destruction
Iran_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
IAEA and Kazakhstan signed an agreement to host the world's first Low Enriched Uranium Bank in the Ulba Metallurgical Plant located in Oskemen. Active since
Kazakhstan and weapons of mass destruction
Kazakhstan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Type of nuclear reactor that uses normal water
Project, to build a nuclear explosive. In May 1944, the first grams of enriched uranium ever produced reached criticality in the low power (LOPO) reactor at
Light-water_reactor
believed to have given Pakistan a "package" including uranium enrichment technology, high-enriched uranium, and the design for a compact nuclear weapon. China
Nuclear_weapons_of_China
Process of manufacturing and using nuclear fuel
use uranium enriched to 3–5% U-235, the only fissile isotope that is found in significant quantity in nature. One alternative to this low-enriched uranium
Nuclear_fuel_cycle
Device that performs isotope separation of gases
nuclear program, making the Soviet Union the most effective supplier of enriched uranium. Franz Simon, Rudolf Peierls, Klaus Fuchs and Nicholas Kurti made important
Gas_centrifuge
by natural convection. Low enriched fuel is used, although the reactor was initially designed for 90.2% enriched uranium. The reactor core has 347 fuel
Ghana_Research_Reactor-1
French nuclear facility (1979–2012)
Georges-Besse II centrifuge enrichment plant. The centrifuge plant is getting expanded and should be completed by 2030. The enriched uranium produced was used as
Georges-Besse_plant
Old method of enriching uranium
produce enriched uranium by forcing gaseous uranium hexafluoride (UF6) through microporous membranes. This produces a slight separation (enrichment factor
Gaseous_diffusion
Decommissioned uranium enrichment facility
enriched uranium from 1952 to 2013. It is owned by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). The PGDP was the only operating uranium enrichment facility
Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant
Paducah_Gaseous_Diffusion_Plant
Mountain in Iran housing a suspected nuclear facility
suggested it could instead be used for the secure storage of enriched uranium or for covert enrichment. The main halls are believed to be dug more than 100 metres
Pickaxe_Mountain
European nuclear fuel company
has historically produce low-enriched uranium (LEU) enriched up to 5% U-235. In 2025 it began producing LEU+, enriched up to 10% U-235. Urenco plans
Urenco_Group
refrain from Uranium enrichment, it was discovered in 2023 that the facility was modified to continue the enrichment process, and uranium enriched to 83.7%
Nuclear_facilities_in_Iran
Classification of fissile nuclear material
to uranium-235, uranium-233, and plutonium. The term Strategic Special Nuclear Material (SSNM) refers to uranium-235 contained in uranium enriched above
Special_nuclear_material
American nuclear materials company
of enriched uranium through gaseous diffusion. In gaseous diffusion, isotopes of Uranium-235 could be separated from Uranium-238 by turning uranium metal
Kellex_Corporation
rod enriched 10% U-235, a number of pieces of other fuel rods (natural and enriched uranium), and uranyl nitrate solution with uranium enriched 10% U-235
Nuclear_program_of_Egypt
agreed in 2012 to downgrade the high enriched uranium used on its nuclear power plants to low enriched uranium. This process was carried out with the
Mexico and weapons of mass destruction
Mexico_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Chemical compound
or uranium peroxide hydrate (UO4·nH2O) is a pale-yellow, soluble peroxide of uranium. It is found to be present at one stage of the enriched uranium fuel
Uranyl_peroxide
Combat search and rescue operation during the 2026 Iran War
later claimed the "operation may have been a deceptive plan to steal enriched uranium" of Iran's nuclear program, and compared the operation to the failed
2026 United States F-15E rescue operation in Iran
2026_United_States_F-15E_rescue_operation_in_Iran
Uranium recovered from spent nuclear fuel reprocessing
uranium. Given sufficiently high uranium prices, it is feasible for reprocessed uranium to be re-enriched and reused. It requires a higher enrichment
Reprocessed_uranium
Manhattan Project uranium enrichment facility
effort to produce enriched uranium by liquid thermal diffusion during World War II. It was one of three technologies for uranium enrichment pursued by the
S-50_(Manhattan_Project)
Reserve of low enriched uranium reactor fuel
of low enriched uranium (LEU) for countries that need a backup source of LEU to fuel their nuclear reactors. Countries that do have enrichment technology
Nuclear_fuel_bank
Metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99
April 2016). "Recycle of enriched Mo targets for economic production of 99Mo/99mTc medical isotope without use of enriched uranium". Journal of Radioanalytical
Technetium-99m
Nuclear fuel plant in Russia
use and no longer produces highly enriched uranium. Today, the facility enriches uranium for Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU) fuel, and develops technologies
Ural_Electrochemical_Combine
Uranium producer
of natural uranium, providing over 40% of global primary uranium supply in 2019 from its operations in Kazakhstan. Kazatomprom's uranium is used for
Kazatomprom
Device for controlled nuclear reactions
moderators in the core. Fuel efficiency is exceptionally high; low-enriched uranium is 120,000 times more energy-dense than coal. Heat from nuclear fission
Nuclear_reactor
Power generated from nuclear reactions
process called uranium enrichment. In civilian light water reactors, uranium is typically enriched to 3.5–5% uranium-235. The uranium is then generally
Nuclear_power
US Department of Energy facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, US
code name for the electromagnetic isotope separation plant producing enriched uranium at the Clinton Engineer Works in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, as part of the
Y-12 National Security Complex
Y-12_National_Security_Complex
Terrorism involving nuclear material or weapons
of what is called 'special nuclear material' – plutonium or highly enriched uranium (HEU) – was so enormous that the strict financial accountability of
Nuclear_terrorism
Smallest amount of fissile material needed to sustain a nuclear reaction
increased temperature. Assuming the material expands with temperature (enriched uranium-235 at room temperature for example), at an exactly critical state
Critical_mass
Submarine powered by a nuclear reactor
conversion of the U.S. Navy nuclear fleet from highly enriched Uranium to low enriched Uranium (S.B. thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. p
Nuclear_submarine
Commodity market
more enriched uranium from a given amount of natural uranium, by re-enriching tails ultimately leaving a depleted uranium tail of lower enrichment. This
Uranium_market
believed to have given Pakistan a "package" including uranium enrichment technology, high-enriched uranium, and the design for a compact nuclear weapon. China
China and weapons of mass destruction
China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Propulsion system for marine vessels utilizing a nuclear powerplant
reactors run on relatively low-enriched uranium, which requires more frequent refueling. Others run on highly enriched uranium, varying from 20% 235U, to
Nuclear_marine_propulsion
Mass spectrometer
the industrial-scale Y-12 uranium enrichment plant at the Clinton Engineer Works in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The enriched uranium produced was used in the
Calutron
Russian uranium company
Russian state-owned company Rosatom. Techsnabexport is an exporter of enriched uranium and a supplier of nuclear fuel cycle products. In 1949, a Soviet technology
Techsnabexport
Nuclear energy and weapons facility in Seversk, Russia
Presently, the facility supplies Russia's low enriched uranium fuel needs and enriches reprocessed uranium for foreign customers. The facility is one of
Siberian_Chemical_Combine
Soviet marine nuclear reactor
ships at sea. They are pressurized water reactors (PWRs) that use enriched uranium-235 fuel. They have been used in various Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker
OK-150_reactor
Nuclear reactor design
neutron moderator. PHWRs frequently use natural uranium as fuel, but sometimes also use very low enriched uranium. The heavy water coolant is kept under pressure
Pressurized heavy-water reactor
Pressurized_heavy-water_reactor
Fission-based nuclear weapon
implosion-type weapons. All known gun-type fission weapons have used highly enriched uranium (HEU). The high spontaneous fission rates of plutonium isotopes make
Gun-type_fission_weapon
estimated that Iran held 9,874.9 kg of enriched uranium, including 184.1 kg enriched to 20% and 440.9 kg enriched to 60%. June 13: Israel began launching
Timeline of the nuclear program of Iran
Timeline_of_the_nuclear_program_of_Iran
Method of enriching uranium
producing enriched uranium. It is strongly suspected that SILEX utilizes laser condensation repression to excite a vibrational mode of the 235 Uranium isotope
Separation of isotopes by laser excitation
Separation_of_isotopes_by_laser_excitation
could be completed. Because the light water reactors would require enriched uranium to be imported from outside North Korea, the amount of reactor fuel
North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Class of US nuclear attack submarines
fuel". IPFM Blog. "Validation of the Use of Low Enriched Uranium as a Replacement for Highly Enriched Uranium in US Submarine Reactors" (PDF). dspace.mit
Seawolf-class_submarine
Type of nuclear fuel
blended with natural uranium, reprocessed uranium, or depleted uranium. MOX fuel is an alternative to the low-enriched uranium fuel used in the light-water
MOX_fuel
Severe events involving radioactive materials
to determine the critical mass of enriched uranium in a cylindrical container with different concentrations of uranium in solution. Staff broke the rules
Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents
Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents
International treaty
reactor nuclear power station uses enriched uranium fuel, it follows that states must be able either to enrich uranium or purchase it on an international
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons
UK atomic bomb development project
low-enriched uranium, and did not produce highly enriched uranium until 1954. By 1957 it was capable of producing 125 kg of highly enriched uranium per
High_Explosive_Research
United Nations resolution adopted in 2015
uranium enrichment capacity, levels, or stockpile size. In March 2020, the IAEA said that Iran had nearly tripled its stockpile of enriched uranium since
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231
United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2231
Ongoing armed conflict in West Asia
enrichment program and uranium stockpiles for leverage in international negotiations, and was willing to dilute or export its higher-level enriched uranium
2026_Iran_war
Nuclear energy extracted from thorium isotopes
nuclear power. By this point, pressurized water reactors (PWRs) using enriched uranium were being developed by the AEC's Naval Reactors division for use in
Thorium-based_nuclear_power
Pressurised water reactor series
passed on to the United States. The reactor fuel was highly enriched uranium (HEU) enriched to between 93% and 97%. Each nuclear core had a life of about
Rolls-Royce_PWR
2025 American military action
enough for multiple nuclear weapons if further enriched. Iran said that it increased its uranium enrichment to levels beyond what is required for civilian
2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites
2025_United_States_strikes_on_Iranian_nuclear_sites
Amount of separation done by a uranium enrichment process
amount of separation done by a Uranium enrichment process – is a function of the concentrations of the feedstock, the enriched output, and the depleted tailings;
Separative_work_units
Australia–UK–US security partnership
the submarines using nuclear reactors fuelled by highly enriched uranium (HEU) at 93% enrichment. Currently, six countries have nuclear submarines, the
AUKUS
Type of atomic bomb
be fizzles. Ruth, which used deuterium and enriched uranium in a solid spherical pit with a natural uranium tamper, was the first device almost-entirely
Uranium_hydride_bomb
Espionage related to the creation of nuclear weapons
to get test readings that showed Iran had enriched uranium over eighty percent. This is higher enrichment than the little boy bomb that was used at Hiroshima
Nuclear_espionage
Secret laboratory established by the Manhattan Project
shipment of slightly enriched uranium (13 to 15 percent uranium-235) arrived from Oak Ridge in March 1944. Shipments of highly enriched uranium commenced in June
Project_Y
Submarine of the United States
fuel". IPFM Blog. "Validation of the Use of Low Enriched Uranium as a Replacement for Highly Enriched Uranium in US Submarine Reactors" (PDF). dspace.mit
USS_Connecticut_(SSN-22)
Thermal power station where the heat source is a nuclear reactor
construction. Most nuclear power plants use thermal reactors with enriched uranium in a once-through fuel cycle. Fuel is removed when the percentage of
Nuclear_power_plant
American nuclear technology company
Radiant was selected by the DOE in 2025 to receive high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) fuel for its first reactor demonstration, the Kaleidos Development
Radiant_Nuclear
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ENRICHED URANIUM
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