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Computing concept
In computing, entropy is the randomness collected by an operating system or application for use in cryptography or other uses that require random data
Entropy_(computing)
Average uncertainty in variable's states
In information theory, the entropy of a random variable quantifies the average level of uncertainty or information associated with the variable's potential
Entropy_(information_theory)
Concept in computer science
successor. Reversible computing is considered an unconventional approach to computation and is closely linked to quantum computing, where the principles
Reversible_computing
Topics referred to by the same term
be confused Entropy encoding, data compression strategies to produce a code length equal to the entropy of a message Entropy (computing), an indicator
Entropy_(disambiguation)
Generalization of the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy
In physics, the Tsallis entropy is a generalization of the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy. It is proportional to the expectation of the q-logarithm
Tsallis_entropy
Relationship between the concepts of thermodynamic entropy and information entropy
concept of entropy is central, Shannon was persuaded to employ the same term 'entropy' for his measure of uncertainty. Information entropy is often presumed
Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory
Entropy_in_thermodynamics_and_information_theory
Interpretation of entropy as the change in arrangement of a system's particles
(information theory) Entropy (computing) Entropy (energy dispersal) Second law of thermodynamics Entropy (statistical thermodynamics) Entropy (classical thermodynamics)
Entropy_(order_and_disorder)
Principle in Bayesian statistics
The principle of maximum entropy states that, among all probability distributions consistent with a given set of constraints (such as normalization or
Principle_of_maximum_entropy
Mathematical statistics distance measure
statistics, the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence (also called relative entropy and I-divergence), denoted D KL ( P ∥ Q ) {\displaystyle D_{\text{KL}}(P\parallel
Kullback–Leibler_divergence
Property of a thermodynamic system
Entropy is a thermodynamic state variable that quantifies the probabilistic distribution of accessible microstates in a system. The term and the concept
Entropy
Probability distribution that has the most entropy of a class
In statistics and information theory, a maximum entropy probability distribution has entropy that is at least as great as that of all other members of
Maximum entropy probability distribution
Maximum_entropy_probability_distribution
Measure of relative information in probability theory
In information theory, the conditional entropy quantifies the amount of information needed to describe the outcome of a random variable Y {\displaystyle
Conditional_entropy
Type of entropy in quantum theory
In physics, the von Neumann entropy, named after John von Neumann, is a measure of the statistical uncertainty within a description of a quantum system
Von_Neumann_entropy
Type of random number generator
without the use of a dedicated hardware entropy source. An NPTRNG uses a non-physical noise source that obtains entropy from system data, such as outputs of
Non-physical true random number generator
Non-physical_true_random_number_generator
Consortium on random number generators
The League of Entropy (LoE) is a voluntary consortium of organizations working together to implement an unpredictable, bias-resistant, fully decentralized
League_of_Entropy
Resistance of a password to being guessed
methods are not used, passwords with more entropy are needed. It also pays to bear in mind that since computing power continually grows, to prevent offline
Password_strength
Influence of thermodynamics on evolution
Research concerning the relationship between the thermodynamic quantity entropy and both the origin and evolution of life began around the turn of the
Entropy_and_life
Entropy of a substance near absolute zero
Residual entropy is the difference in entropy between a non-equilibrium state and crystal state of a substance close to absolute zero. This term is used
Residual_entropy
Physical lower limit to energy consumption of computation
Landauer's principle and reversible computing Maroney, O.J.E. "Information Processing and Thermodynamic Entropy" The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Landauer's_principle
Subject of study in ergodic theory
crucial role in the construction of the measure-theoretic entropy of a dynamical system. The entropy of a partition Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} is defined
Measure-preserving dynamical system
Measure-preserving_dynamical_system
Computer data measurements and scales
Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory. Entropy (information theory), such as the amount of information that can be stored in DNA Entropy (thermodynamics)
Orders_of_magnitude_(data)
Physical law for entropy and heat
Rex, Andrew F. (eds.) 2003. Maxwell's Demon 2 : Entropy, classical and quantum information, computing. Bristol UK; Philadelphia PA: Institute of Physics
Second_law_of_thermodynamics
2.71828...; base of natural logarithms
methods for computing the exponential function, it is impractical because of high overhead cost. Tools such as y-cruncher are optimized for computing many digits
E_(mathematical_constant)
Concept in quantum physics
The entropy of entanglement (or entanglement entropy) is a measure of the degree of quantum entanglement between two subsystems constituting a two-part
Entropy_of_entanglement
Concept in statistics
In statistics, an approximate entropy (ApEn) is a technique used to quantify the amount of regularity and the unpredictability of fluctuations over time-series
Approximate_entropy
Unit of information
is usually a nibble. In information theory, one bit is the information entropy of a random binary variable that is 0 or 1 with equal probability, or the
Bit
Cryptographic device
generates random numbers from a physical process capable of producing entropy, unlike a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) that utilizes a deterministic
Hardware random number generator
Hardware_random_number_generator
Scientific study of digital information
ISBN 0-486-60434-9 H. S. Leff and A. F. Rex, Editors, Maxwell's Demon: Entropy, Information, Computing, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey (1990).
Information_theory
Information held in the state of a quantum system
Quantum information can be measured using von Neumann entropy. Recently, the field of quantum computing has become an active research area because of the
Quantum_information
Upper limit on entropy in physics
after Jacob Bekenstein) is an upper limit on the thermodynamic entropy S, or Shannon entropy H, that can be contained within a given finite region of space
Bekenstein_bound
Cryptographic property of random output
In cryptography, full entropy is a property of an output of a random number generator. The output has full entropy if it cannot practically be distinguished
Full_entropy
South African-born Israeli neuroscientist (born 1962)
team developed the so-called theory of liquid state machine, or high entropy computing. In 2002, he moved to EPFL as full professor and founder/director
Henry_Markram
Measure of dependence between two variables
(2007). "Section 14.7.3. Conditional Entropy and Mutual Information". Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing (3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge University
Mutual_information
Concept in information theory
can be defined as the exponentiation of the distribution's information entropy. Intuitively, the larger the perplexity, the more "surprised" is an observer
Perplexity
Theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force
Entropic gravity, also known as emergent gravity, is a theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force—a force with macro-scale homogeneity
Entropic_gravity
Measure of algorithmic complexity
complexity, program-size complexity, descriptive complexity, or algorithmic entropy. It is named after Andrey Kolmogorov, who first published on the subject
Kolmogorov_complexity
Physics phenomenon
entanglement measures reduce for pure states to entanglement entropy, and are difficult (NP-hard) to compute for mixed states as the dimension of the entangled
Quantum_entanglement
Topics referred to by the same term
XEB may refer to: Cross-entropy benchmarking, a benchmarking method for quantum computing XEB-AM, a radio station XEB, a band formed by Kevin Cadogan
XEB
quantum computing. The paper was submitted in June 1979 and published in April 1980. Yuri Manin briefly motivates the idea of quantum computing. Tommaso
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Creating sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted
numbers without an access to a dedicated hardware source, by scavenging entropy that is present in the computer system. See the details in True vs. pseudo-random
Random_number_generation
Time density of the average information in a stochastic process
In the mathematical theory of probability, the entropy rate or source information rate of a stochastic process is, informally, the time density of the
Entropy_rate
Quantum information quantity
enlarged Hilbert space and computing the entanglement entropy between the two subsystems in this purified state. Reflected entropy provides a way to characterize
Reflected_entropy
American music theorist
{a_{j-1}+a_{j}}{b_{j-1}+b_{j}}}} From here, the process to compute harmonic entropy is as follows: (a) compute the areas defined by the normal (Gaussian) bell curve
Paul_Erlich
Thought experiment of 1867
Leff, Harvey S. & Andrew F. Rex, ed. (1990). Maxwell's Demon: Entropy, Information, Computing. Bristol: Adam-Hilger. ISBN 978-0-7503-0057-5. Leff, Harvey
Maxwell's_demon
Methods of estimating differential entropy given some observations
learning, and time delay estimation it is useful to estimate the differential entropy of a system or process, given some observations. The simplest and most
Entropy_estimation
Coherent measure for value at risk
concept of relative entropy. Because of its connection with the VaR and the relative entropy, this risk measure is called "entropic value at risk". The
Entropic_value_at_risk
Chart describing internal energy of thermodynamic systems
An enthalpy–entropy chart, also known as the H–S chart or Mollier diagram, plots the total heat against entropy, describing the enthalpy of a thermodynamic
Enthalpy–entropy_chart
Index to measure economic inequality
which is the maximum possible entropy of the data minus the observed entropy. It is a special case of the generalized entropy index. It can be viewed as
Theil_index
Physical force that originates from thermodynamics instead of fundamental interactions
an entropic force acting in a system is an emergent phenomenon resulting from the entire system's statistical tendency to increase its entropy, rather
Entropic_force
Computing by new or unusual methods
Unconventional computing (also known as alternative computing or nonstandard computation) is computing by any of a wide range of new or unusual methods
Unconventional_computing
In statistics, the uncertainty coefficient, also called proficiency, entropy coefficient or Theil's U, is a measure of nominal association. It was first
Uncertainty_coefficient
Pseudorandom number generator file in Unix-like operating systems
secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG). The CSPRNG is seeded with entropy (a value that provides randomness) from environmental noise, collected
/dev/random
Computer security technique
{\displaystyle E_{s}} (entropy bits of stack top) E m {\displaystyle E_{m}} (entropy bits of mmap() base) E x {\displaystyle E_{x}} (entropy bits of main executable
Address space layout randomization
Address_space_layout_randomization
Italian computer scientist
model of spacetime. He also co-introduced the Braunstein–Ghosh–Severini entropy. Severini serves on the Strategic Advisory Board of the Lean Focused Research
Simone_Severini
Time reversal symmetry in physics
results in modern computing are closely related to this problem—reversible computing, quantum computing and physical limits to computing, are examples. These
T-symmetry
Probability distribution
available for the computing of the cdf, pmf, quantile function, and random number generation of the Poisson binomial distribution. For computing the PMF, a DFT
Poisson_binomial_distribution
Quantity in information theory
of the random variable. The Shannon information is closely related to entropy, which is the expected value of the self-information of a random variable
Information_content
Algorithm in quantum information theory
Algorithmic cooling is an algorithmic method for transferring heat (or entropy) from some qubits to others or outside the system and into the environment
Algorithmic_cooling
Physics of heat, work, and temperature
deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these
Thermodynamics
Mathematical model which approximates the behavior of real gases
the entropy is an exact differential, using the chain rule, the change in entropy when going from a reference state 0 to some other state with entropy S
Ideal_gas
engaged in the development of quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing. Quantum computing and communication are two sub-fields of
List of companies involved in quantum computing, communication or sensing
List_of_companies_involved_in_quantum_computing,_communication_or_sensing
Unit of measure for digital data
information is used to measure information contained in messages and the entropy of random variables. Due to the need to work with data sizes that range
Units_of_information
Type of data structure
Transparency: when computing leaf node hashes, a 0x00 byte is prepended to the hash data, while 0x01 is prepended when computing internal node hashes
Merkle_tree
Facts provided or learned about something or someone
mental stimuli, pattern, perception, proposition, representation, and entropy. Information is often processed iteratively: Data available at one step
Information
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
generate entropy. It has been shown that computational hardware can be designed not to encounter this theoretical obstruction (see reversible computing), though
Brute-force_attack
Topics referred to by the same term
Entropia may mean: Entropy a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. Entropia Universe
Entropia
Concept in cryptography
Entropic security is a security definition used in the field of cryptography. Modern encryption schemes are generally required to protect communications
Entropic_security
Sequential model-based optimization of expensive black-box functions
Reuven Y. (1999). "The Cross-Entropy Method for Combinatorial and Continuous Optimization". Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability. 1 (2):
Bayesian_optimization
Lemma in cryptography
length asymptotic to H ∞ ( X ) {\displaystyle H_{\infty }(X)} (the min-entropy of X) bits from a random variable X) that are almost uniformly distributed
Leftover_hash_lemma
Statistical mechanics of quantum-mechanical systems
von Neumann entropy, named after John von Neumann, quantifies the extent to which a state is mixed. It extends the concept of Gibbs entropy from classical
Quantum_statistical_mechanics
Textbook by scientists Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang
Nielsen, Michael (2019). "Quantum computing for the very curious". Michael Nielsen, Isaac Chuang. Quantum Computing and Quantum Information. Cambridge
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information
Quantum_Computation_and_Quantum_Information
Concept in computing
is information collected about the software and hardware of a remote computing device for the purpose of identification. The information is usually assimilated
Device_fingerprint
Study of the relations between thermodynamics and quantum mechanics
accounts for the entropy change before and after a change in the entire system. A dynamical viewpoint is based on local accounting for the entropy changes in
Quantum_thermodynamics
Topological entropy Topological mixing Computational topology Digital topology Network topology Topological computing Topological Quantum Computing Topological
List_of_topology_topics
amount of information that can be stored within a spherical volume to the entropy of a black hole with the same surface area. Thermodynamics limit the data
Limits_of_computation
Approximate nearest neighbor search algorithm
(RGG) Hyperbolic (HGN) Hierarchical Stochastic block Blockmodeling Maximum entropy Soft configuration LFR Benchmark Dynamics Boolean network agent based Epidemic/SIR
Hierarchical navigable small world
Hierarchical_navigable_small_world
Short story by Ted Chiang
California Sunday Magazine praised it as an "inventive meditation on death". Entropy Heat death of the universe Eclipse 2: New Science Fiction and Fantasy:
Exhalation_(short_story)
Book by Konrad Zuse
pointed out that the classical notions of entropy and its growth do not make sense in deterministically computed universes. A New Kind of Science Simulated
Calculating_Space
Unconventional computer based on a semi-solid chemical "soup"
were able to compute binary logic gates, and perform pattern recognition. Molecular logic gate Computer Quantum computing DNA computing Biocomputing Organic
Chemical_computer
Standard hostname for a networked device's loopback interface
controller (NIC) or hardware device driver and must not appear outside of a computing system, or be routed by any router. This permits software testing and
Localhost
Inequality measure
inequality by groups; svygei and svyatk to compute design-consistent variances for the generalized entropy and Atkinson indices; glcurve to obtain generalized
Atkinson_index
Gain from observing another random variable
splits for each node. For the next step, the entropy at parent node t of the above simple decision tree is computed as: H(t) = −[pC,t log2(pC,t) + pNC,t log2(pNC
Information gain (decision tree)
Information_gain_(decision_tree)
Process of encoding and decoding binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA
the material. 5D optical data storage DNA computing DNA nanotechnology Nanobiotechnology Natural computing Plant-based digital data storage The Xenotext
DNA_digital_data_storage
Compressed data structure for pattern matching
SIAM Journal on Computing, 35(2), 2005, 378–407. An earlier version appeared in Proceedings of the 32nd ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, May 2000, 397–406
Compressed_suffix_array
Digital logic implementation technology based on superconducting Josephson junctions
be operated with zero energy loss (no local increase in entropy), making reversible computing possible. Low energy use and heat generation is critical
Quantum_flux_parametron
Form of entropy encoding used in data compression
Arithmetic coding (AC) is a form of entropy coding used in lossless data compression. Normally, a string of characters is represented using a fixed number
Arithmetic_coding
Topics referred to by the same term
output, given programs for computing the start and the remainder Chain rule for entropy (information theory), for the Shannon entropy of two consecutive experiments
Chain_rule_(disambiguation)
This glossary of quantum computing is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in quantum computing, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. Bacon–Shor
Glossary_of_quantum_computing
mathematics (concerned with mathematical modeling of financial markets), the entropic risk measure is a risk measure which depends on the risk aversion of the
Entropic_risk_measure
Predictive model of human movement
Jian; Ren, Xiangshi (2011). "The Entropy of a Rapid Aimed Movement: Fitts' Index of Difficulty versus Shannon's Entropy". Human Computer Interaction: 222–239
Fitts's_law
Polish theoretical physicist (born 1951)
emerging field of quantum computing. He is a pioneer in information physics, edited an influential book on "Complexity, Entropy and the Physics of Information"
Wojciech_H._Zurek
Structural analysis of a network
centrality Community structure Kullback–Leibler divergence Markov chain Maximal entropy random walk Random walk closeness centrality Social network analysis Travelling
Biased_random_walk_on_a_graph
Thought experiment in statistical physics
semi-classical derivation of entropy that does not take into account the indistinguishability of particles yields an expression for entropy which is not extensive
Gibbs_paradox
Type of functions designed for being unsolvable by root-finding algorithms
entropy, and thus just any kind of pseudorandom number generator is insufficient. Ideally, the generation of random numbers in CSPRNGs uses entropy obtained
Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, entropy compression is an information theoretic method for proving that a random process terminates,
Entropy_compression
Theorem in statistical mathematics
relative probability that the entropy of a system which is currently away from thermodynamic equilibrium (i.e., maximum entropy) will increase or decrease
Fluctuation_theorem
which computed all prime numbers up to that limit. Computing – Manufacturing: An estimated 6×1018 transistors were produced worldwide in 2008. Computing –
Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)
Process whose direction can be reversed
Time reversibility Carnot cycle Entropy production Toffoli gate Time evolution Quantum circuit Reversible computing Maxwell's demon Stirling engine McGovern
Reversible process (thermodynamics)
Reversible_process_(thermodynamics)
Body of matter in a state of internal equilibrium
S {\displaystyle S} the entropy of the system. With these relations the fundamental thermodynamic relation, used to compute changes in internal energy
Thermodynamic_system
System property to handle growing work
because one warehouse can handle only a limited number of packages. In computing, scalability is a characteristic of computers, networks, algorithms, networking
Scalability
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Entry
Boy/Male
Arabic, Biblical
Helper; Entry-way
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Entry; Good in Look
Biblical
an entry or vestibule
Girl/Female
Biblical
An entry or vestibule.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
An Entry Point into a Dispute
Biblical
helper; entry-way
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
Girl/Female
Tamil
Murugeswari | à®®à¯à®°à¯à®•à¯‡à®¸à¯à®µà®¾à®°à¯€Â
Boy/Male
Gaelic English Norse Scottish
Spear.
Girl/Female
Latin
From the Andes.
Boy/Male
British, English, Irish
The Anglicized Form of the Irish Carthach; Loving
Boy/Male
Tamil
One who gives nourishment, Blue lotus, Fountain
Girl/Female
African, Australian
One who has seen the World
Boy/Male
Greek
Strong gift.
Boy/Male
English American
From the ledge farm 'Deep valley.
Female
Egyptian
, a Divine Spouse of Amen Ra.
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Prophetess.
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
ENTROPY COMPUTING
n.
Healthy nutrition; soundless as regards the nutritive functions.
v. t.
To insnare; to entrap.
n.
The act of making or entering a record; a setting down in writing the particulars, as of a transaction; as, an entry of a sale; also, that which is entered; an item.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Entrap
v. t.
To entrap; to insnare.
v. t.
Fig.: To insnare; to take by stratagem; to entrap.
n.
The act of entering or passing into or upon; entrance; ingress; hence, beginnings or first attempts; as, the entry of a person into a house or city; the entry of a river into the sea; the entry of air into the blood; an entry upon an undertaking.
a.
Permissible; done lawfully; as, entry congeable.
pl.
of Entry
n.
A putting upon record in proper form and order.
v. t.
To insnare; to entrap; to entangle; to catch.
imp. & p. p.
of Entrap
v. t.
To catch in a trap; to insnare; hence, to catch, as in a trap, by artifices; to involve in difficulties or distresses; to catch or involve in contradictions; as, to be entrapped by the devices of evil men.
n.
Same as Ectopia.
v. t.
See Entrap.
n.
An additional or subsequent entry.
n.
The act in addition to breaking essential to constitute the offense or burglary.
n.
One who lays snares, or entraps.
a.
Having equal entropy.
n.
A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat the quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves the body the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small amount, h, of heat enters the body when its temperature is t in the thermodynamic scale the entropy of the body is increased by h / t. The entropy is regarded as measured from some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes called the thermodynamic function.