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Catalogue of the world's languages
Ethnologue: Languages of the World (stylized as Ethnoloɠue) is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information
Ethnologue
language. Ethnologue lists the following languages as having 50 million or more total speakers. This section does not include entries that Ethnologue identifies
List of languages by total number of speakers
List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers
Group of languages related through a common ancestor
languages, although he, Ethnologue and Glottolog also disagree as to which languages belong in the family. Neither Ethnologue nor Glottolog list the language
Language_family
at over 3,000. Nigeria alone has over 500 languages (according to SIL Ethnologue), one of the greatest concentrations of linguistic diversity in the world
Languages_of_Africa
languages may be underreported in favour of a national language. According to Ethnologue, the following languages have more than 50 million first-language speakers
List of languages by number of native speakers
List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers
"Bafaw-Balong". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2020-10-11. "Bafia". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2020-09-27. "Bafut". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2020-09-27. "Baka". Ethnologue. Retrieved
Languages_of_Cameroon
page 18-19. Ethnologue, 17th ed., Languages of Niger (accessed 14 October 2014) "Niger". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2019-08-02. Ethnologue report on "Languages
Languages_of_Niger
The following languages are listed as unclassified by the Ethnologue (17th edition), though in their descriptions some are identified with an established
List of unclassified languages according to the Ethnologue
List_of_unclassified_languages_according_to_the_Ethnologue
languages in Papua New Guinea List of endangered languages of Oceania SIL Ethnologue (2005) lists 473 out of 6,909 living languages inventorised (6.8%) as
Lists_of_endangered_languages
Family of languages and dialects Indigenous to North Africa
Standard Moroccan". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2022. "Tamazight, Central Atlas". Ethnologue. Archived from
Berber_languages
Kazakhstan, 1.8 million in Moldova, 1.1 million in Estonia. Russian at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required). European Commission, Directorate-General
List of languages by number of speakers in Europe
List_of_languages_by_number_of_speakers_in_Europe
Polish at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024) Ukrainian at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024) Serbo-Croatian at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024) Czech at Ethnologue (27th ed
Languages_of_Europe
Language family
Indonesia. They are not closely related, being 56% lexically similar (Ethnologue). These languages are Selaru and Seluwasan. Grimes, Charles E. & Owen
Southwest_Tanimbar_languages
are listed as unclassified in either Campbell (2024), Loukotka (1968), Ethnologue, or Glottolog. Nearly all are extinct. It is likely that many of them
List of unclassified languages of South America
List_of_unclassified_languages_of_South_America
speakers in Turkey according to the 2022 edition of Ethnologue. Entries identified by Ethnologue as macrolanguages (such as Arabic, Persian, Pashto, Chinese
Languages_of_Turkey
limited to determine this with any surety. "Kw'adza". Ethnologue. "Muskum". Ethnologue. "Homa". Ethnologue. Crevels, Mily (2002), "Why speakers shift and languages
List of languages by time of extinction
List_of_languages_by_time_of_extinction
Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Mapudungun at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Aymara, Central at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Chorote, Iyojwa’ja at Ethnologue
Languages_of_Argentina
The population of Chad has numerous ethnic groups. SIL Ethnologue reports more than 130 distinct languages spoken in Chad. The 14 million inhabitants of
Ethnic_groups_in_Chad
Reputably reported languages later shown to not exist
"Ethnologue 14 report for language code:JIJ". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 24 September 2012. "Ethnologue 14 report for language code:CKN". Ethnologue.com
Spurious_languages
of countries by number of languages according to the 22nd edition of Ethnologue (2019). Papua New Guinea has the largest number of languages in the world
List of countries by number of languages
List_of_countries_by_number_of_languages
languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required); List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription
List of endangered languages in Europe
List_of_endangered_languages_in_Europe
Communities living outside Azerbaijan
5–5 million Azeris live outside of Iran and Azerbaijan. According to Ethnologue, there were over 1 million Azerbaijani-speakers of the north dialect in
Azerbaijani_diaspora
Common spoken languages in South America
Portuguese at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020) Spanish at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020) Quechuan at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020) English at Ethnologue (23rd ed.,
Languages_of_South_America
language Endangered language – Language that is at risk of going extinct Ethnologue § Language families Extinct language – Language that no longer has any
List_of_language_families
Group of languages of the Philippines
lexicon specifically reserved for forceful or aggressive communication. Ethnologue groups the languages of Bikol as follows: Bikol Coastal Bikol (Northern)
Bikol_languages
languages in Indonesia by total number of speakers, from Ethnologue 2015. "Indonesia - Languages | Ethnologue". 2016-11-06. Archived from the original on 2016-11-06
List of languages by total number of speakers in Indonesia
List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers_in_Indonesia
Tibeto-Burmese Naga ethnic group in northeast India
They use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue. Marams are mainly found in the Senapti district of Manipur. According
Maram_people
Ethnic group in West Africa
Nigeria where they make up 20.7% of the country's population according to Ethnologue estimates, making them one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. Most
Yoruba_people
Central Sudanic language group of South Sudan
coherent languages; they are equivalent to five varieties listed by Ethnologue. Ethnologue notes that the varieties are not mutually intelligible, but that
Kresh_languages
Type of license
source license. It was created by SIL Global, the organization behind Ethnologue. The Open Font License was created by SIL Global employees Victor Gaultney
SIL_Open_Font_License
Bhil variety of India
The Magari language, Magra ki Boli, is a variety of Bhil in India. Ethnologue lumps it under Bhil proper. Grierson, Sir George Abraham (1907). Linguistic
Magari_language
Language spoken in Indonesia
spoke this language. It is listed as a 'threatened' language by Ethnologue. Duri at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Friberg, Timothy; Laskowske
Duri_language
Chad has two official languages, French and Arabic. Ethnologue reports over 120 indigenous languages in the country. Nevertheless, French remains the primary
Languages_of_Chad
Guide". Diversity Abroad. Retrieved 2023-12-25. "German, Swiss | Ethnologue Free". Ethnologue (Free All). Retrieved 2023-12-25. "Swiss German (Schwytzerdütsch)
Languages_of_Austria
Tai language branch of China and Southeast Asia
Thailand. Ethnologue distinguishes the following languages: Saek (Laos and northeast Thailand; listed outside Tai proper in the Ethnologue classification
Northern_Tai_languages
Kenya". Ethnologue. “Orma”, Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) “Rendille”, Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) Linguistic map of Kenya at Muturzikin.com Ethnologue page
Languages_of_Kenya
Language family of Asia
Around 93 million people speak Kra–Dai languages; 60% of those speak Thai. Ethnologue lists 95 languages in the family, with 62 of these being in the Tai branch
Kra–Dai_languages
Clade of languages
languages form a valid node. They are : Mbete, Kaning'i, Mbaama–Mpini, Nduumo Ethnologue 16 adds the Ngul (Ngoli) dialect of Dzing. Nurse, Derek; Philippson, Gérard
Mbete_languages
Language that uses manual communication and body language to convey meaning
native sign language, and some have more than one. The 2021 edition of Ethnologue lists 150 sign languages, while the SIGN-HUB Atlas of Sign Language Structures
Sign_language
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India
language, belonging to the Northwestern or "Old Kuki" subfamily. According Ethnologue, Kharam shares a high degree of mutual intelligibility with Purum. The
Kharam_language
International standard for three-letter codes identifying languages
language coverage was based primarily on the language codes used in the Ethnologue (volumes 10–14) published by SIL International, which is now the registration
ISO_639-3
8%), with some languages of the Himalayas still unclassified. The SIL Ethnologue lists 424 living languages in India. India has not had a national language
List of languages by number of native speakers in India
List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India
Sino-Tibetan languages of Manipur, India
district and the northern border regions of the Tengnoupal district. (Ethnologue). Additionally, the following diphthongs have been observed: /ei/, /ai/
Maring_language_(India)
Ethnic group
language. Aimols use Meitei as their second language according to the Ethnologue. The Aimol people are settled in Chandel district and Churachandpur district
Aimol_people
Ubangian language spoken in the Congos
Kpala (Kwala), and Yango, which Ethnologue lists separately. It is not clear how distinct they are. Monzombo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription
Monzombo_language
"Ghana". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2019-08-04. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Languages of Ghana. Ethnologue listing for Ghana Ethnologue map of languages
Languages_of_Ghana
directed to the Ethnolinguistic Maps of Thailand resource, or to the Ethnologue Thailand country report. The sole official language of Thailand is Central
Languages_of_Thailand
Mambiloid language of Nigeria
Tep is a Mambiloid language of Nigeria. Ethnologue considers it a dialect of Mambila, as speakers identify as Mambila, but it is a distinct language. Blench
Tep_language
Sub-branch of the Turkic language family
Uzbek at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Northern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Southern at Ethnologue (18th
Karluk_languages
Indo-Aryan language
Marwari at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Dhundari at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Marwari (India) at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Bahawali at Ethnologue (26th
Marwari_language
Similarity of languages' vocabulary (lexicon)
the lexical similarity and the results vary accordingly. For example, Ethnologue's method of calculation consists of comparing a regionally standardized
Lexical_similarity
Metropolitan France according to the 2022 edition of Ethnologue. Entries identified by Ethnologue as macrolanguages (such as Arabic, Persian, Malay, Pashto
Languages_of_France
Non-profit organization to study, develop and document languages
Based on its language documentation work, SIL publishes a database, Ethnologue, of its research into the world's languages, and develops and publishes
SIL_Global
second highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (841). Ethnologue lists a lower number of 459. Article 343 of the Constitution of India
Languages_of_India
Sino-Tibetan language of Nepal
Magar Kaike is a Sino-Tibetan language of Nepal. Ethnologue classifies it as a West Bodish language. Kaike is a nepali magar language spoken in Shahartara
Kaike_language
Ijaw language spoken in Nigeria
languages of Nigeria. According to Ethnologue, it is not fully intelligible with other varieties of Inland Ijaw. Okodia at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) v t e
Okodia_language
Romance language
Archived from the original on 15 January 2026. Ethnologue, 18th Ed.: es:Anexo:Hablantes de español según Ethnologue (edición 18). "Europeans and their Languages"
Spanish_language
Eastern variety of Persian
Ethnologue". Ethnologue.org. 19 February 1999. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2013. ""Dari, Zoroastrian" Ethnologue"
Dari
Dialect of Nahuatl
states of Hidalgo, Veracruz (Eastern) and San Luis Potosí (Western). Ethnologue divides Huasteca Nahuatl into three languages: Eastern, Central, and Western
Huasteca_Nahuatl
Sub group of the Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent
National University. p. 305. "Assamese". Ethnologue (Free All). Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018. "Bengali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018. Kim, Amy;
Bengali–Assamese_languages
Purported group of Polynesian languages
of Micronesia. The name Samoic-Outlier recognizes Samoan. According to Ethnologue 26, the Samoic–Outlier languages are as follows: Samoic–Outlier East Uvean–Niuafo’ou
Samoic_languages
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India
in 36 villages of Tuensang District in east-central Nagaland (Ethnologue). Ethnologue reports that the Tuensang village dialect is the central speech
Chang_language
Inland Ijaw language of Nigeria
languages of Nigeria. According to Ethnologue, it is not fully intelligible with other varieties of Inland Ijaw. Oruma at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) v t e
Oruma_language
Nahuatl dialect cluster of Veracruz, Mexico
cluster spoken by about 30,000 people in Veracruz, Mexico. According to Ethnologue 16, the Cosoleacaque dialect is 84% intelligible with Pajapan, and 83%
Isthmus_Nahuatl
Language family
ISBN 978-5-6045633-5-9. "Ethnologue report for Khinalugh". Retrieved 18 April 2013. "Ethnologue report for Lak". Retrieved 18 April 2013. "Bats". Ethnologue. Retrieved
Northeast_Caucasian_languages
the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World) Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University
List of adjectives and demonyms for states and territories of India
List_of_adjectives_and_demonyms_for_states_and_territories_of_India
Austronesian language
at Ethnologue (28th ed., 2025) Ambon Malay at Ethnologue (28th ed., 2025) Baba Malay at Ethnologue (28th ed., 2025) Baba Indonesian at Ethnologue (28th
Malay_language
Karluk Turkic language
as the literary language of Uzbekistan in the 1920s. According to the Ethnologue, Southern Uzbek and Standard Uzbek are spoken as a native language by
Uzbek_language
Family of Bantu languages
(Tɨɓɛa) Hijuk was listed as unclassified A.50 in Guthrie, but according to Ethnologue it is quite similar to Basaa. Nurse, Derek; Philippson, Gérard, eds. (2003)
Bafia_languages
Atlantic-Congo languages
are now part of the Savannas proposal. The languages distinguished by Ethnologue are: Bondoukou Kulango (100,000 speakers in Ivory Coast and Ghana), Bouna
Kulango_languages
Language family spoken in Mesoamerica
Robertson 1977. Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), (2005). Ethnologue report on Chʼol de Tila, Ethnologue report on Chʼol de Tumbalá, both accessed March 07,
Mayan_languages
Language
Shamnyuyanga Tableang Tabu Tamkhungnyuo Tang Tobunyuo Tolamleinyua Totok Ethnologue lists the following dialects of Konyak. Angphang Hopao Changnyu Chen Chingkao
Konyak_language
Indo-Aryan language spoken in India
Jammu and Kashmir and Rajasthan. It is apparently an Indo-Aryan language (Ethnologue) while Glottolog has labelled it "unclassifiable". Schreffler argues that
Bazigar_language
Supposed language
in early editions of the Ethnologue as spoken in Nigeria, but has now been removed. The inclusion of Wutana in the Ethnologue was based on two sentences
Wutana_language
Murutic language spoken on Borneo
Borneo spoken in by the Abai people in the villages of Sembuak and Tubu. Ethnologue mistakenly classifies it as a dialect of Putoh. Lobel, Jason William (2013)
Abai_language
Standardized literary variety of Arabic
Standard Arabic". Ethnologue (Free All). Ethnologue. Retrieved 13 March 2025. "Modern Standard Arabic". Ethnologue (Free All). Ethnologue. Retrieved 17 January
Modern_Standard_Arabic
language from Sarawak. According to Ethnologue, the languages belong to five families: Languages of Kalimantan in Ethnologue First amount - total, in brackets
Languages_of_Kalimantan
Bongo–Bagirmi language of Chad and the CAR
at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Sara Kaba (Ta Sara) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Kaba at Ethnologue (18th
Kaba_language
Family of fifty to a hundred Sino-Tibetan languages
However, sub-classification is more contentious. The 2013 edition of Ethnologue estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Loloish ("Ngwi")
Loloish_languages
Arawakan language of southern Peru and Brazil
received. These varieties belong to the Campan branch of the Arawak family. Ethnologue distinguishes seven languages throughout the whole complex, while Pedrós
Ashéninka_language
intermediate dialect" ethnologue.com jmth.gr Archived 2008-12-26 at the Wayback Machine romani.uni-graz.at Greece - Languages, Ethnologue Ethnologue - Languages
Languages_of_Greece
Bikol variety of the Philippines
of Central Bikol. The languages grouped as Coastal Bikol according to Ethnologue are: Coastal Bikol (Northern) Isarog Agta language Mount Iraya Agta language
Coastal_Bikol
Family of Romance languages
publications define Venetian as part of the Italo-Dalmatian branch, both Ethnologue and Glottolog group it into the Gallo-Italic languages. The languages
Gallo-Italic_languages
Language of Cameroon
extinct language of Cameroon. Ethnologue reports 1,490 speakers cited to 2000, possibly the ethnic population. Mboa at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Blench 2011
Mboa_language
Group of Kurdish dialects
family, belonging to the Northwestern Iranian branch of Iranian languages. Ethnologue classifies it within a genetic subgroup called Zaza-Gorani, along with
Gorani_language
Shabunda- and Kusu-based creole of DR Congo
Lega-Shabunda, Kusu and other languages. It is spoken in Kindu, DR Congo. Ethnologue lists it as a dialect of the Songoora language. Jouni Filip Maho, 2009
Gengele_Creole
Language spoken by Irish Travellers
native speakers is hard to determine due to sociolinguistic issues but Ethnologue puts the number of speakers at 30,000 in the UK, 6,000 in Ireland, and
Shelta
Clade of Bantu languages
by Guthrie. Ethnologue notes that Mbo, Ndaka, Budu, Vanuma, and Nyali are quite close. However, Beeke and Ngbee are more distant; Ethnologue suggests Beeke
Nyali_languages
Mozambique is a full member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. Ethnologue lists 43 languages spoken in the country. According to INE, the National
Languages_of_Mozambique
Ancient Azari language History of Azerbaijan "Azerbaijan". Ethnologue (Free All). www.ethnologue.com. Retrieved 14 September 2013. "Constitution of the Republic
Languages_of_Azerbaijan
Countries and regions where English is used
professional fields, such as science, navigation and law. According to Ethnologue, as of 2025, the United States and India have the most total English speakers
English-speaking_world
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in China
Loloish language spoken by the Yi people of south-central Yunnan, China. Ethnologue lists Azhe as an alternate name. Ache is spoken in Shuangbai County (pop
Ache_Yi_language
Kam–Sui language of China's Dong people
侗语; pinyin: Dòngyǔ), is a Kam–Sui language spoken by the Dong people. Ethnologue distinguishes three Kam varieties as separate but closely related languages
Kam_language
Language family of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea
Stephen Wurm, but this does not now seem tenable, and was abandoned in Ethnologue (2009). Glottolog v4.8 presents the following classification for the South
South_Bougainville_languages
Oto-Manguean language branch of Mexico
Oto-Manguean family. Though traditionally considered a single language, Ethnologue lists 14 partially mutually unintelligible varieties of Chinantec. The
Chinantecan_languages
Languages spoken in Poland
instruction by those who require it. Among languages used in Poland, Ethnologue mentions one constructed language – the International Auxiliary Language
Languages_of_Poland
Landmass comprising North and South America
"Languages of Martinique". Dallas: Ethnologue. Paul M. Lewis, ed. (2009). "Languages of Montserrat". Dallas: Ethnologue. Ongoing activity of the Soufriere
Americas
Large language family spoken in Sub-Saharan Africa
Zambia). Zimbabwe has Kalanga, Matebele, Nambya, and Xhosa speakers. Ethnologue separates the largely mutually intelligible Kinyarwanda and Kirundi, which
Bantu_languages
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India
Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue. Ethnologue reports that Maram is spoken in the following locations. Senapati
Maram_language
Gbe language of Benin
Tɔli (Toli) is a Gbe language of Benin. Ethnologue counts it and Alada as dialects of Gun, but Capo (1988) considers it one of the Phla–Pherá languages
Tɔli_language
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE
Male
Native American
Native American Sioux name ODAKOTA means "friend."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One who Radiates Light
Biblical
who sees the son; the vision of the son
Boy/Male
Indian
Pride of the king
Girl/Female
British, English
Beautiful; Rose
Boy/Male
Hindu
Musical, Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Biblical
Resting, tarrying, deriving.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Polite; Courteous; Well-mannered
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Indian
The gentle, The knower of subtleties
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE
ETHNOLOGUE