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Region between an oceanic trench and associated volcanic arc
A forearc is a region in a subduction zone between an oceanic trench and the associated volcanic arc. Forearc regions are present along convergent margins
Forearc
Formation of serpentinite by hydration and metamorphic transformation of olivine
impede rupture into the forearc mantle. Schikorr reaction Serpentine subgroup Serpentinite Soapstone Hydrogen cycle Forearc Holm, N.G.; Oze, C.; Mousis
Serpentinization
Country in East Asia
Arc and South China, where accreted portions of the Luzon Arc and Luzon forearc form the eastern Coastal Range and parallel inland Longitudinal Valley
Taiwan
Island country in the Pacific Ocean
Brian; Goodliffe, Andrew (2000). "Bathymetry of the Tonga Trench and Forearc: A Map Series". Marine Geophysical Researches. 21 (5): 489–512. Bibcode:2000MarGR
New_Zealand
Tectonic process
plates leads to strike slip deformation of the forearc, thus forming a series of features including forearc slivers and strike slip fault systems that are
Oblique_subduction
Regions of long-term subsidence creating space for infilling by sediments
Michael (June 2017). "Stratigraphic signatures of forearc basin formation mechanisms: STRATIGRAPHY OF FOREARC BASINS". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
Sedimentary_basin
Uplifted and exposed oceanic crust
the first. The created ophiolite becomes the tip of the new subduction's forearc and is uplifted (over the accretionary wedge) by detachment and compression
Ophiolite
Seafloor ridge near an oceanic trench
not in isostatic equilibrium (distinguish from the "outer ridge" of a forearc). Typically, the gravity field over the outer swell is about 50 mGal (0
Outer_trench_swell
Landform created by the eruption of mud or slurries, water, and gases
channel to the surface. These mud volcanoes are large features on the forearc, the largest of which has a diameter of ~50 kilometres (31 mi) and is over
Mud_volcano
Long and narrow depressions of the sea floor
tectonic structures. One example is the Lesser Antilles Trough, which is the forearc basin of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone. Also not a trench is the
Oceanic_trench
Mountain range in Oregon, United States
the range are over 60 million years old, with volcanic activity and a forearc basin being the primary mountain building processes responsible for the
Oregon_Coast_Range
Island in Indonesia and Timor-Leste
Australian continental margin that are accreted to the Banda Arc. It occupies a forearc position in front of the active volcanic arc that forms the islands in
Timor
Rock formed by transformation of olivine
depths below the ocean floor. This occurs at mid-ocean ridges and in the forearc mantle of subduction zones. The final mineral composition of serpentinite
Serpentinite
The Cook Inlet Basin is a northeast-trending collisional forearc basin that stretches from the Gulf of Alaska into South central Alaska, just east of
Cook_Inlet_Basin
Long narrow depression bordering the Aegean Sea to the south
The Hellenic Trench (HT) is an oceanic trough located in the forearc of the Hellenic arc, an arcuate archipelago on the southern margin of the Aegean
Hellenic_Trench
Place where the South American, Nazca and Antarctic tectonic plates meet
impact between a spreading ridge and a continental forearc can result in a thermal pulse within the forearc. This thermal pulse can be quantified using apatite
Chile_triple_junction
Geological process at tectonic plate boundaries
well-developed forearc basin behind the accretionary wedge, while the forearc basin is poorly developed in non-accretionary arcs. Beyond the forearc basin, volcanoes
Subduction
Mountain chain located on the southern margin of the Aegean Sea plate
refers to the marginal, or "non-volcanic" arc, also called the Aegean forearc in the direction from outer to inner, which is consonant with the Hellenic
Hellenic_arc
Geologic feature off the Philippines
Trench and the Vigan-Agao Fault in the Philippines. It is a well-developed forearc basin formed in front of the Luzon Volcanic Arc, an island arc system.
North_Luzon_Trough
Type of sedimentary rock
tectonics has created accommodation space for sediments to accumulate. Forearc basins tend to accumulate sand rich in lithic grains and plagioclase. Intracontinental
Sandstone
Rock formed by the deposition and cementation of particles
Plate tectonics diagram showing convergence of an oceanic plate and a continental plate. Note the back-arc basin, forearc basin, and oceanic basin.
Sedimentary_rock
Large crustal block in North America
of an arc. Some terranes, such as the Quetico Terrane, were forearcs in the past. A forearc is the region between the volcanic arc and the subduction zone
Superior_Craton
Mountain pass in Alaska, United States
The schist may represent subducted Valdez Group that was exhumed in the forearc region from beneath the Peninsular terrane. Both deformed and undeformed
Hatcher_Pass
Right lateral-moving transform fault
1007/BF00286402 Morell, Kristin; Fisher, Donald; Gardner, Thomas (2008). "Inner forearc response to subduction of the Panama Fracture Zone, southern Central America"
Panama_fracture_zone
Convergent boundary in Micronesia
Mariana segments. Forearc, active arc, and back arc are expressed differently on either side of these boundaries (see figure below). The forearc is that part
Izu–Bonin–Mariana_arc
River in northwest Oregon, US
subducted by the Farallon Plate beneath the North American Plate, creating the forearc basin that would later become the Willamette Valley. The valley was initially
Willamette_River
2026. Morell, Kristin; Fisher, Donald; Gardner, Thomas (2008). "Inner forearc response to subduction of the Panama Fracture Zone, southern Central America"
2026_Panama_earthquake
Mountain range in Oregon, United States
section are the oldest portions of the entire range. The range is part of a forearc basin that has slowly rotated about 51 degrees since the Eocene period
Southern_Oregon_Coast_Range
Deepest known point of Earth's seabed
employed the air guns along the trench axis, and well into the backarc and forearc, from 13 to 15 March 1976. Thence they proceeded south to the Ontong Java
Challenger_Deep
Sinking of the Earth's crust on a large scale
propagate further following the crustal thinning via normal faulting. Forearc basins form in subduction zones as sedimentary material is scraped off
Tectonic_subsidence
Metal sulfide ore deposit
volcanoes along many mid ocean ridges, and within back-arc basins and forearc rifts. Mineral exploration companies are exploring for seafloor massive
Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit
Volcanogenic_massive_sulfide_ore_deposit
Geologic eon, 4031–2500 million years ago
deep-sea sediments eroded from the neighboring island arcs and deposited in a forearc basin. Greenstone belts, which include both types of metamorphosed rock
Archean
Sediments at a convergent plate boundary
active forearcs that indicate (1) backthrusting is common, (2) forearc basins are nearly ubiquitous associates of accretionary wedges, and (3) forearc basement
Accretionary_wedge
Geological group located in Sakhalin and Hokkaido
south coast to Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky District. It consists of marine forearc basin sediments, typically turbiditic and bioturbated mudstones and sandstones
Yezo_Group
Deepest oceanic trench in the southwestern Pacific Ocean
Taylor, B.; Goodliffe, A. M. (2000). "Bathymetry of the Tonga Trench and Forearc: A Map Series" (PDF). Marine Geophysical Researches. 21 (5): 489–512. Bibcode:2000MarGR
Tonga_Trench
Geological formation in California
showed that the ophiolite belt has been part of the western North American forearc since 150 Ma, and has since been dismembered by the San Andreas Fault zone
Coast_Range_Ophiolite
Peninsula in Chile
peninsula is located west of Cordillera de Nahuelbuta. Geologically it is a forearc high. Arauco Basin Ranquil Formation Daniel Melnick, Bodo Bookhagen, Manfred
Arauco_Peninsula
Type of hydrothermal mineral deposit
Permeable pathways form for hydrothermal fluids to penetrate and precipitate gold bearing quartz-carbonate veins in forearc, arc and back-arc regions.
Orogenic_gold_deposit
Layer of rock that forms the continents and continental shelves
also lost through erosion and sediment subduction, tectonic erosion of forearcs, delamination, and deep subduction of continental crust in collision zones
Continental_crust
Hydrothermally altered epidote- and quartz-bearing rock
Karlis. "Discovery of epidosites in a modern oceanic setting, the Tonga forearc," (PDF). Geology, February, 2000. 28 (2): 151–154. Archived from the original
Epidosite
Seamount chain east of Australia that includes Lord Howe Island
volcanic rocks in the Mariana forearc recovered from drilling at Ocean Drilling Program Site 781: Implications for forearc magmatism" (PDF). Journal of
Ruby_Seamount
Subduction trench in the Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone in the eastern Indian Ocean
the Great Sumatra fault) developed on the landward side of the Sunda forearc to absorb part of the dextral motions associated with the oblique plate
Sumatra_Trench
Prehistoric superocean that surrounded Pangaea
west-dipping subduction system, which produced (west to east) a magmatic arc, a forearc basin, and an accretionary wedge. Subduction ceased along that margin in
Panthalassa
Oceanic Abyssal Plain in the Western Pacific Ocean
deep sea points in that Weber Deep is not a deep sea trench, but is a forearc basin, a deep abyssal plain. The slab detachment is at the east end of
Weber_Deep
Tectonic boundary in North America
boundaries of tectonic plates, near the Cascadia subduction zone occur in the forearc of the overriding North American plate in Washington, west of the Cascade
Cascadia_subduction_zone
Mountain range in Oregon, United States
experienced uplift for several million years. Currently it is part of a large forearc basin that extends for much of the entire Coast Range on a north–south
Central_Oregon_Coast_Range
communities. Archaea are not abundant in this habitat, except in the Mariana forearc, where they dominate. Epsilonproteobacteria and Zetaproteobacteria are
Seamount microbial communities
Seamount_microbial_communities
Body of water in Los Lagos Region, Chile
separating the Chiloé Island from the mainland of Chile. Geologically, it is a forearc basin that has been carved out by Quaternary glaciers. Most of the islands
Gulf_of_Corcovado
Gondwana-derived Earth crust fragment
Cretaceous, the block was located north of the Andaman Islands in the forearc of the Sunda Trench subduction zone. Many of the small animals and plants
Burma_terrane
Small tectonic plate located to the east of the island of New Guinea
mGal) FAA along the Trobriand outer forearc high, paralleled by a small negative FAA associated with the Trobriand forearc sedimentary basin as expected for
Trobriand_plate
Tectonic plate including Southeast Asia
this system results in shortening, with the greatest concentration in the forearc and backarc. Active shortening is occurring within the Banda Orogen. The
Sunda_plate
Triangular section of mantle between a subducting and overriding tectonic plate
can be seen around the world in places such as Japan and Indonesia. The forearc mantle extends from where the subducting slab meets the cold nose of the
Mantle_wedge
Ridge in the eastern Caribbean Sea
(September 20, 1983). "Geophysics and the Structure of the Lesser Antilles Forearc" (PDF). Deep Sea Drilling Project. Retrieved 22 September 2017. Bally,
Aves_Ridge
Chain of volcanoes formed above a subducting plate
Great Valley detrital zircon trace-element geochemistry: View from the forearc". Lithosphere. 11 (5): 603–619. Bibcode:2019Lsphe..11..603D. doi:10.1130/L1059
Volcanic_arc
Biogeographic region of Southeast Asia
Joseph R.; Emmel, Frans J. (1982). "Sedimentation in the Sunda Trench and forearc region". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 10 (1): 245–258
Sundaland
Oceanic trench
Oligocene. The Sierra Madre Basin and Isabella Ridge may represent the trench, forearc basin, and subduction complex. The rate of subduction on the Philippine
East_Luzon_Trough
Savov, Ivan P.; Rost, Detlef; Zack, Thomas (2017-04-25). "Subduction zone forearc serpentinites as incubators for deep microbial life". Proceedings of the
Earliest_known_life_forms
Very gently sloping inclined bedrock surface
from the western United States. However, they are also found along the forearc of the Andes in South America and in South Africa. More recently, it has
Pediment_(geology)
Most populous city in Ecuador
ISSN 1944-9194. S2CID 134409407. Witt, César; Bourgois, Jacques (January 1, 2010). "Forearc basin formation in the tectonic wake of a collision-driven, coastwise migrating
Guayaquil
Rock formation that forms the basement rock of the southern Pacific Northwest coast
to middle Eocene epoch marine basalts and interbedded sediments in the forearc of the Cascadia subduction zone, on the west coast of North America. It
Siletzia
City in Shikoku, Japan
rate inferred from marine terraces, Muroto Peninsula, southwest Japan: Forearc deformation in an oblique subduction zone". Geomorphology. 234: 133–150
Muroto,_Kōchi
2023-03-08. Retrieved 2018-05-27. "Locator map". Expedition to the Mariana forearc. School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of
Geography_of_Japan
Type of plate tectonic process
Molucca Sea Collision Zone, Indonesia. The Sangihe arc is overriding the Halmahera Arc and accretionary complex is formed on forearc of Halmahera Arc
Divergent_double_subduction
the Eurasian Plate, where accreted portions of the Luzon Arc and Luzon forearc form the eastern Coastal Range and parallel inland Taitung Longitudinal
Geology_of_Taiwan
Group of late Mesozoic formations in the Central Valley of California
believe that the Great Valley Sequence represents the sedimentary fill of forearc basin formed along the convergent plate boundary that existed along the
Great_Valley_Sequence
classifications include intracratonic, rift, passive margin, strike-slip, forearc, backarc-marginal sea, fold and thrust belt, and foreland basins. Sedimentary
Sedimentary_basin_analysis
Volcanic arc in Alaska, United States
plate under the North American plate, sits south of the island arc. A forearc basin reaching depths of 7 km occupies the space between the trench and
Aleutian_Arc
Oceanic trench part of the Pacific Ring of Fire off northeast Japan
and a thickened sediment sequence indicate the possible development of a forearc basin. Activity during the Cretaceous included subduction events as well
Japan_Trench
Seamount in the Pacific Ocean
Yukinobu (March 1989). "Subducting seamounts and deformation of overriding forearc wedges around Japan". Tectonophysics. 160 (1–4): 225. Bibcode:1989Tectp
Daiichi-Kashima_Seamount
Geology term
In geology, a backstop is the region of forearcs that has much higher shear strength and yield strength than other overriding material closer to the oceanic
Backstop_(geology)
Area behind a volcanic arc
been stretched out and covered by layers of sediments. Back-arc basin Forearc basin Foreland basin Moores, Eldridge M.; Twiss, Robert J. (1995). Tectonics
Back-arc_region
Mountain in Argentina
of Central Andean andesites (25.5-28 S) related to crustal thickening, forearc subduction erosion and delamination". Geological Society, London, Special
Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas
Sierra_Nevada_de_Lagunas_Bravas
Active submarine volcano in the Pacific Ocean
Terrapub, 225–241. Johnson, R.W. and Tuni, D. 1987. Kavachi, an active forearc volcano in the western Solomon Islands: Reported eruptions between 1950
Kavachi
Plio-Pleistocene volcanic field in Oregon, United States
in the forearc setting between tectonic extension to the south and compression to the north. The uneven distribution of vents within this forearc suggests
Boring_Lava_Field
Remote, uninhabited island of Chilean Patagonia
Octavio (1993). "Taitao ophiolite: a ridge collision ophiolite in the forearc of southern Chile (46°S)". Revista Geológica de Chile. 20 (2): 137–165
Wager_Island
Geologic sequence in Quebec, Canada
paleo subduction. Similarities between the NGB and the Izu-Bonin-Mariana forearc, a modern subduction zone, suggest that the NGB may have experienced episodic
Nuvvuagittuq_Greenstone_Belt
Small tectonic plate off the west coast of Mexico
and tomography images show that the Rivera plate dips at 40° beneath the forearc region and then dips ~70° beneath the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. The
Rivera_plate
Geographical feature in Washington, United States
pyroclastic deposits at Chimacum, Washington; adakite magmatism in the Cascadia Forearc." Abstracts With Programs - Geological Society Of America 36(4; 4): 69-69
Tamanowas_Rock
Oceanic trench in the northwest Pacific
earthquakes. This partitioning results in westward translation of the Kurile forearc relative to the North American plate. Major earthquakes associated with
Kuril–Kamchatka_Trench
Submarine ridge off the coast of Peru
Crustal erosion of the forearc basin has resulted in the loss of 110 km (68 mi) of the South American plate since 11 Ma. The forearc basin of Pisco located
Nazca_Ridge
Island off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia
in Nusa Tenggara in the mountainous islands of Sumba and Timor, is the forearc of the South Sumatra Basin along the Sunda Trench subduction zone. At Nias
Nias
Chain of volcanic islands in the South Aegean Sea
in red. The volcanic arc is shown to the north of and parallel to the forearc, which runs through Crete. Country Greece, Turkey Region South Aegean Sea
South_Aegean_Volcanic_Arc
non-fossil bearing clastic marine sedimentary rocks that likely deposited in a forearc basin. Volcanic activity was common in the Devonian and Carboniferous as
Geology_of_Thailand
System of geological faults in northern Chile
for more than 1100 km North and up to 50 km in width through the Andean forearc region. The zone is a direct result of the ongoing subduction of the Eastward
Atacama_Fault
Peruvian sedimentary basin
Onshore Part of Circum-Pacific forearc basins Hydrology Sea Eastern Pacific Ocean River Osmore River Geology Basin type Forearc basin Orogeny Andean Age Cenozoic
Moquegua_Basin
alluvial-lacustrine sedimentation during compressional deformation, Andean forearc, northern Chile". Basin Research. 28 (5): 634–657. doi:10.1111/bre.12124
Puritama_Hot_Springs
Accumulated material on seafloor
sediments eroded from the neighboring island rocks and deposited in a forearc basin. The earliest-known supercontinent Rodinia assembled about one billion
Marine_sediment
Mountain range in South America
structural or lithological origin but is the result of the alignment of horst, forearc highs and upthrusted blocks along Chile's coast. The range was separated
Chilean_Coast_Range
Earthquake that occurs at the boundary between two tectonic plates
Japan, and parts of China. Major earthquakes (magnitude ≥ 9.0) since 1900 Forearc Bolt, Bruce (August 2005), Earthquakes: 2006 Centennial Update – The 1906
Interplate_earthquake
pelagic sediments. Nappe formations of the Oceanic Formation, from a Miocene forearc basin filled with calcareous pelagic sediments and volcanic ash is thrust
Geology_of_Barbados
Set of island arcs in eastern Indonesia
2010. Standley, Carl E.; Harris, Ron (2009-12-10). "Tectonic evolution of forearc nappes of the active Banda arc-continent collision: Origin, age, metamorphic
Banda_Arc
of the Wrangellia Composite Terrain, a secondary cooling phase in the forearc initiated in the Late Paleocene to Early Eocene coincident with spreading
Geology_of_Alaska
Small fully subducted tectonic plate near Indonesia
by forearc deposits; subduction-driven east–west shortening of the Snellius Plateau caused the thrust melanges to reactivate and deform the forearc series
Molucca_Sea_plate
along the edge of a Cretaceous volcanic arc into marine waters occupying a forearc basin. This alluvial fan was built by braided rivers flowing in a south
Citadel_Bastion
Oceanic basin in the South Pacific Ocean between Fiji and Tonga
stress domain (centered on the Rochambeau Rifts) North east Lau and Tonga forearc stress domain (contains the MTJ and NELSC) Eastern Lau Basin region Northern
Lau_Basin
Sea between Sulawesi and Maluku
the sea, Weber Deep, is an exposed oceanic fault and the world's deepest forearc basin, with depth more than 7.2 kilometres (4.5 miles). Earthquakes are
Banda_Sea
Spatial entity with common geologic attributes
deformed and uplifted to form mountain ranges Island arc Continental arc Forearc Laramide Orogeny Andean Orogeny Basin Low-lying formation of rock strata
Geologic_province
Peninsula in Chile
Allen, Mike (1993). "Taitao ophiolite: a ridge collision ophiolite in the forearc of southern Chile (46°S)". Revista Geológica de Chile. 20 (2): 137–165
Taitao_Peninsula
Extinct cinder cone butte in Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Tectonically anomalous forearc volcanism in an urban setting", in O'Connor, J. E.; Dorsey, R. J.; Madin
Powell_Butte
Depression in Peru
Talara Basin (Spanish: Cuenca de Talara) is a depression filled with sedimentary rock, that is a sedimentary basin, in northwestern Peru. On wider scale
Talara_Basin
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