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General-purpose programming language
Fortran (/ˈfɔːrtræn/; formerly FORTRAN) is a third-generation, compiled, imperative programming language designed for numeric computation and scientific
Fortran
Concise notation for large or small numbers
versions of Fortran (at least since FORTRAN IV as of 1961) also use "D" to signify double precision numbers in scientific notation, and newer Fortran compilers
Scientific_notation
Integrated Development Environment
Simply Fortran is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for GNU Fortran (which currently implements FORTRAN 77, Fortran 90, Fortran 95, Fortran 2003
Simply_Fortran
Fortran compiler
GNU Fortran (GFortran) is an implementation of the Fortran programming language in the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), an open-source and free software
GNU_Fortran
Performance Fortran (HPF) is an extension of Fortran 90 designed to support parallel computing, developed by the High Performance Fortran Forum (HPFF)
High_Performance_Fortran
Power ISA Fortran language standard support (XL Fortran's Fortran 2008 Compliance Status and XL Fortran's TS 29113 Compliance Status) CUDA Fortran support
IBM_XL_Fortran
American software company
company active from 1980 to 2022. They were best known for their set of Fortran compilers for Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh, and Linux operating systems
Absoft
Group of Fortran compilers
Intel Fortran Compiler, as part of Intel OneAPI HPC toolkit, is a group of Fortran compilers from Intel for Windows, macOS, and Linux. The compilers generate
Intel_Fortran_Compiler
Programming language for statistics
GNU General Public License. The language is implemented primarily in C, Fortran, and R itself. Precompiled executables are available for the major operating
R_(programming_language)
Fortran software and development tools
This is a list of Fortran software and tools, including IDEs, compilers, libraries, debugging tools, numerical and scientific computing tools, and related
List of Fortran software and tools
List_of_Fortran_software_and_tools
Fortran parallel programming extension
Coarray Fortran (CAF), formerly known as F--, started as an extension of Fortran 95/2003 for parallel processing created by Robert Numrich and John Reid
Coarray_Fortran
developing software in C. FORTRAN development (FD) For developing software in FORTRAN. FORTRAN runtime (FR) Runtime‑support for FORTRAN. Software development
List_of_POSIX_commands
American computer scientist
American computer scientist. He led the team that invented and implemented FORTRAN, the first widely used high-level programming language, and was the inventor
John_Backus
Generic title of a series of books on algorithms and numerical analysis
Second Edition versions of Numerical Recipes (with code in C, Fortran-77, and Fortran-90) were published, it was clear that the constituency for Numerical
Numerical_Recipes
Fortran, and Python. The NAG Library is a collection of mathematical and statistical routines for multiple programming languages (C, C++, Fortran, Visual
List_of_numerical_libraries
Parallel programming language
used. Chapel code can be compiled to libraries to be callable from C, or Fortran or e.g. Python also supported. Chapel supports GPU programming through
Chapel_(programming_language)
Text format for tabular data using a comma between fields
CSV format predates personal computers by more than a decade. The IBM Fortran (level H extended) compiler under OS/360 supported list-directed ("free-form")
Comma-separated_values
1951, for his PhD thesis. The first commercially available language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), developed in 1956 (first manual appeared in 1956
History of programming languages
History_of_programming_languages
HSL, originally the Harwell Subroutine Library, is a collection of Fortran 77 and 95 codes that address core problems in numerical analysis. It is primarily
HSL_(Fortran_library)
1995 edition of the Fortran programming language standard
This is an overview of Fortran 95 language features which is based upon the standards document which has been replaced by a newer version. Included are
Fortran_95_language_features
Programming language: compiled, structured, array language
scientific computation. F was developed as a modern Fortran, thus making it a subset of Fortran 95. It combines both numerical and data abstraction features
F_(programming_language)
Late-20th century formatting language involving the use of Fortran
Industrial Real-Time Fortran (IRTF) was developed, during the decade of 1970-1980, to augment the Fortran language with library bindings useful for process
Industrial_Real-Time_Fortran
Connected input and output streams for computer programs
displayed on the user's terminal. Fortran has the equivalent of Unix file descriptors: By convention, many Fortran implementations use unit numbers UNIT=5
Standard_streams
General-purpose programming language
be available to some other languages, such as Fortran, are not possible in C. For this reason, Fortran is sometimes considered faster.[citation needed]
C_(programming_language)
British musical duo
sound. Fortran 5 also remixed songs from artists such as Inspiral Carpets, Erasure and Laibach. Simon Leonard also wrote a novella called Fortran 5, which
I_Start_Counting_(band)
High-level computer programming language
historical third-generation programming languages are ALGOL, BASIC, C, COBOL, Fortran, Java, and Pascal. 3GLs are much more machine-independent and more programmer-friendly
Third-generation programming language
Third-generation_programming_language
Control flow construct for executing code repeatedly
in various programming languages, although this can be confusing since Fortran and PL/I use the syntax "DO WHILE" for pre-test loops. Post-test loops
Loop_(statement)
Placeholder variables in programming
"FOO" on the clock when used. Foobar was used as a variable name in the Fortran code of Colossal Cave Adventure (1977 Crowther and Woods version). The
Foobar
Fortran Fortran II BASIC (see also BASIC based) SAKO Fortran IV WATFOR WATFIV Fortran 66 FORMAC Ratfor Fortran 77 WATFOR-77 Ratfiv Fortran 90 Fortran
Generational list of programming languages
Generational_list_of_programming_languages
Identifier of a sequence of characters in a text file
numbers to statements in older programming languages, such as Fortran, JOSS, and BASIC. In Fortran, not every statement needed a line number, and line numbers
Line_number
Code section for declared statically-allocated variables
United Aircraft Corporation. The BSS keyword was later incorporated into FORTRAN Assembly Program (FAP) and Macro Assembly Program (MAP), IBM's standard
.bss
Symbol representing the word "and" (&)
prevents the compiler from treating it as a keyword, thus escaping it. In Fortran, the ampersand forces the compiler to treat two lines as one. This is accomplished
Ampersand
Procedural, imperative computer programming language
Autocoders via COMTRAN to COBOL, while scientific users programmed in Fortran, ALGOL, GEORGE, and others. The IBM System/360 (announced in 1964 and delivered
PL/I
Technique in compiler construction
method names typically need to be capitalized in C and Fortran). Another is to use the Fortran 2003 BIND option: SUBROUTINE f() BIND(C,NAME="f") END SUBROUTINE
Name_mangling
Language for controlling a computer
execute. In 1957, Fortran (FORmula TRANslation) was invented. Often considered the first compiled high-level programming language, Fortran has remained in
Programming_language
Programming language
Rational Fortran) is a programming language implemented as a preprocessor for Fortran 66. It provides modern control structures, unavailable in Fortran 66,
Ratfor
released as a Fortran library called Simdem which allows the programmer to produce charts and graphs with just a few lines of Fortran. A version of Simdem
SimFiT
Programming language family
second-oldest high-level programming language still in common use, after Fortran. Lisp has changed since its early days, and many dialects have existed
Lisp_(programming_language)
Data having only values "true" or "false"
calculations and one for conditions. The first version of FORTRAN (1957) and its successor FORTRAN II (1958) have no logical values or operations; even the
Boolean_data_type
Parallel I/O ABINIT Free, GPL Fortran Yes Yes Yes, CUDA Yes, HDF5, NetCDF Yes, Fortran and HDF5 ACES Free, GPL Fortran, C++ Yes No Yes Unknown Unknown
List of quantum chemistry and solid-state physics software
List_of_quantum_chemistry_and_solid-state_physics_software
DAP FORTRAN was an extension of the non IO parts of FORTRAN with constructs that supported parallel computing for the ICL Distributed Array Processor
DAP_FORTRAN
Parallel programming model paradigm in computer science
SHMEM. The PGAS paradigm is now an integrated part of the Fortran language, as of Fortran 2008 which standardized coarrays. The various languages and
Partitioned global address space
Partitioned_global_address_space
Compiler Collection (GCC): C (gcc), C++ (g++), Objective-C, Objective-C++, Fortran (gfortran), Ada (GNAT), Go (gccgo), D (gdc, since 9.1), Modula-2 (gm2,
List_of_compilers
Family of programming languages
experiments using Fortran and ALGOL followed, but Kurtz concluded these languages were too tricky for what they desired. As Kurtz noted, Fortran had numerous
BASIC
Process to create executable computer programs
using the keywords in IBM's early FORTRAN system. Daniel McCracken's A Guide to FORTRAN Programming (1961) presented FORTRAN to a larger audience, including
Computer_programming
16-bit IBM minicomputer introduced in 1965
programs, with program source generated and maintained on punched cards. Fortran was the most common programming language used, but several others, including
IBM_1130
Mathematical symbol for "less than"
means "less than". In Coldfusion, operator .lt. means "less than". In Fortran, operator .LT. means "less than"; later versions allow <. In Bourne shell
Less-than_sign
Type of benchmark for parallel computers
Livermore loops (also known as the Livermore Fortran kernels or LFK) is a benchmark for parallel computers. It was created by Francis H. McMahon from
Livermore_loops
Method for bounding the errors of numerical computations
automated result verification. Then came the Fortran 77-based ACRITH-XSC for the System/370 architecture (FORTRAN-SC), which was later delivered by IBM. Starting
Interval_arithmetic
Computer language for modular parallel programming
FortranM is a computer language for modular parallel programming. Its syntax is based on Fortran but has additional elements such as channels and ports
FortranM
American businessman and philanthropist (born 1955)
studied source code for various programs that ran on the system, including Fortran, Lisp, and machine language. The arrangement with CCC continued until 1970
Bill_Gates
Section of code that details a specific command
assignment Fortran: variable = expression Pascal, Algol 60, Ada: variable := expression; C, C#, C++, PHP, Java: variable = expression; call Fortran: CALL subroutine
Statement_(computer_science)
Open standard for parallelizing
multi-platform shared-memory multiprocessing programming in C, C++, and Fortran, on many platforms, instruction-set architectures and operating systems
OpenMP
Order of bytes in a computer word
have built-in facilities for byte swapping. For example, GNU Fortran and the Intel Fortran Compiler both support the non-standard CONVERT specifier when
Endianness
Control flow statement that branches according to a Boolean expression
Concurrent Pascal and occam. The earliest conditional statement in Fortran, up to Fortran 77, was the arithmetic if statement which jumped to one of three
Conditional (computer programming)
Conditional_(computer_programming)
Parallel computing platform and programming model
to work with a wide array of other programming languages including C++, Fortran, Python and Julia. This accessibility makes it easier for specialists in
CUDA
Operating system
language was FORTRAN IV, which was an odd choice from a pure computer science standpoint: no pointers, no native string type, etc. FORTRAN was, however
PRIMOS
Sequence of program instructions invokable by other software
languages to support user-written subroutines and functions was FORTRAN II. The IBM FORTRAN II compiler was released in 1958. ALGOL 58 and other early programming
Function (computer programming)
Function_(computer_programming)
of Herman Hollerith, were used in early FORTRAN programs to allow manipulation of character data. Early FORTRAN had no CHARACTER data type, only numeric
Hollerith_constant
Free and open-source compiler for various programming languages
the Fortran front end was g77, which only supported FORTRAN 77, but later was dropped in favor of the new GNU Fortran front end that supports Fortran 95
GNU_Compiler_Collection
Compiler toolchain for Windows
Objective-C++, Fortran, and Ada. Compiled programs use the standard GCC runtime libraries, including libstdc++ for C++ applications and the GNU Fortran runtime
MinGW
Mathematical symbol of equality
equals sign was the original version of Fortran, FORTRAN I, designed in 1954 and implemented in 1957. In Fortran, = serves as an assignment operator: X
Equals_sign
Type of programming paradigm in computer science
Institute (ANSI) developed the first Fortran standard in 1966. In 1978, Fortran 77 became the standard until 1991. Fortran 90 supports: records pointers to
Imperative_programming
Type qualifier denoting the data as being read-only
org. 2013-01-12. "5.1. Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran: 5.1.16 Cray pointers". The GNU Fortran Compiler. 2006. Archived from the original on 2022-12-21
Const_(computer_programming)
Software library for numerical linear algebra
blocks for its routines. LAPACK was originally written in FORTRAN 77, but moved to Fortran 90 in version 3.2 (2008). It is officially distributed through
LAPACK
Programming language evaluation rules
write a traditional swap(a, b) function in the language. For example in Fortran: program Main implicit none integer :: a = 1 integer :: b = 2 call Swap(a
Evaluation_strategy
Versions 1 and 1.1 were in Fortran 77 (Jan. 1995) and are licensed for non-commercial only. Version 2.2 appears as the Fortran package MA38 in the Harwell
UMFPACK
Routines for performing common linear algebra operations
libraries; the routines have bindings for both C ("CBLAS interface") and Fortran ("BLAS interface"). Although the BLAS specification is general, BLAS implementations
Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms
Basic_Linear_Algebra_Subprograms
2020. IBM Corporation (1974). IBM 1130/1800 Basic FORTRAN IV Language (PDF). p. 14. "The GNU Fortran Compiler". Retrieved Oct 27, 2013. "chain loading"
Chain_loading
List of programming languages types and the languages that meet its description
higher-dimensional arrays. A+ Ada Analytica APL Chapel Dartmouth BASIC Fortran (As of Fortran 90) FreeMat GAUSS Interactive Data Language (IDL) J Julia K MATLAB
List of programming languages by type
List_of_programming_languages_by_type
Message-passing system for parallel computers
range of users writing portable message-passing programs in C, C++, and Fortran. There are several open-source MPI implementations, which fostered the
Message_Passing_Interface
Mainframe computer systems made by IBM through the 1950s and early 1960s
which could use faster 1400 series peripherals, primarily handled I/O. The FORTRAN Assembly Program (FAP) is an assembler for the 709, 7090, and 7094, originally
IBM_700/7000_series
Ruby Chapel Coarray Fortran (included in standard/ISO Fortran since Fortran 2008, further extensions were added with the Fortran 2018 standard) Fortress
List of concurrent and parallel programming languages
List_of_concurrent_and_parallel_programming_languages
Early-to-mid 1960s operating system for the scientific line of IBM mainframes
system provided with IBM 7040 and IBM 7044 computers. IBSYS was based on FORTRAN Monitor System (FMS) and (more likely) Bell Labs' "BESYS" rather than the
IBM_7090/94_IBSYS
Software packages using DDA
Authors References Language Updated Features DDSCAT Draine and Flatau Fortran 2019 (v. 7.3.3) Can also handle periodic particles and efficiently calculate
Discrete dipole approximation codes
Discrete_dipole_approximation_codes
Programming language with hardware abstraction
language to achieve wide practical adoption was Fortran, developed at IBM in the 1950s under John Backus. Fortran was aimed at scientific and numerical computing
High-level programming language
High-level_programming_language
Programming language for animation
programming environment targeted by BEFLIX consisted of a FORTRAN II implementation with FORTRAN II Assembly Program (FAP) macros. The first version of BEFLIX
BEFLIX
American technology company
Group, Inc.) was a company that produced a set of commercially available Fortran, C and C++ compilers for high-performance computing systems. On July 29
The_Portland_Group
Family of Unix-like operating systems
languages were used, including C++, Lisp, assembly language, Perl, Python, Fortran, and various shell scripting languages. Slightly over half of all lines
Linux
File format for scientific data
the HDF5 data file format. Version 4.1 (2010) added support for C and Fortran client access to specified subsets of remote data via OPeNDAP. Version
NetCDF
Fortran compiler
G95 is a free, portable, open-source Fortran 95 compiler. It implements the Fortran 95 standard, part of the Fortran 2003 standard, as well as some old
G95
Computing aphorism
programming language circles that states: Any sufficiently complicated C or Fortran program contains an ad hoc, informally-specified, bug-ridden, slow implementation
Greenspun's_tenth_rule
Array representation in computer memory
written row-first (lexicographical access order): On the other hand, in Fortran, arrays are stored in column-major order, while the array indexes are still
Row-_and_column-major_order
High-level computer programming conceptualization
Language (COBOL) – uses terms like file, move and copy. FORmula TRANslation (FORTRAN) – using mathematical language terminology, it was developed mainly for
Programming_paradigm
Variant of the FORTRAN programming language
Labs in 1960s. ALTRAN is a FORTRAN version of ALPAK rational algebra package, and “can be thought of as a variant of FORTRAN with the addition of an extra
ALTRAN
Number
and this is the practice in early classic programming languages such as Fortran and COBOL. However, in the late 1950s LISP introduced zero-based numbering
0
American computer scientist
scientist. She was Chairman of the ANSI X3J3 Fortran Standards Committee that "developed the controversial Fortran 8X proposal". She graduated with a BS in
Jeanne_Clare_Adams
GASP, GASP II and GASP IV are FORTRAN-based simulation languages. GASP stands for General Activity Simulation Program. SLAM (Simulation Language for Analogue
GASP_(simulation_language)
American system software company
at the time including FORTRAN, PL/I, SIMSCRIPT, COBOL, and BASIC. Digitek compilers included the IBM System 360 G Level FORTRAN. Due to their implementation
Digitek
American computer scientist (1932–2020)
often learned topics about Fortran only days before teaching researchers the same lessons. She taught herself about Fortran's compiler by reading its source
Frances_Allen
Procedural programming language
of SMALGOL syntax — Ken Thompson, Ken Thompson began developing B as a Fortran compiler for the PDP-7, but found that his initial implementation far exceeded
B_(programming_language)
Python library for numerical programming
"NumPy"), with influences from the APL family of languages, Basis, MATLAB, FORTRAN, S and S+, and others. Hugunin, a graduate student at the Massachusetts
NumPy
64-bit computer number format
the first programming languages to provide floating-point data types was Fortran.[citation needed] Before the widespread adoption of IEEE 754-1985, the
Double-precision floating-point format
Double-precision_floating-point_format
American computer scientist, academic, educator and writer
guides to programming in widely used languages such as Fortran and COBOL. His A Guide to Fortran Programming (Wiley, 1961) and its successors were the
Daniel_D._McCracken
Programming paradigm based on objects
support include Ada, ActionScript, C++, Common Lisp, C#, Dart, Eiffel, Fortran 2003, Haxe, Java, JavaScript, Kotlin, Logo, MATLAB, Objective-C, Object
Object-oriented_programming
Conditional operator in computer programming
then copy or export the table. As part of the Fortran-90 Standard, the ternary operator was added to Fortran as the intrinsic function merge: variable =
Ternary_conditional_operator
Compiler backend for multiple programming languages
Ada, C# for .NET, Common Lisp, Crystal, CUDA, D, Delphi, Dylan, Forth, Fortran, FreeBASIC, Free Pascal, Halide, Haskell, Idris, Jai (only for optimized
LLVM
Private university in Japan
graduate students at Kyoto University. They called the workshop as "the FORTRAN Research Seminar" which was later renamed as the "Kyoto Software Research
Kyoto_Computer_Gakuin
Implementation of the Fortran computer programming language
(variously, Waterloo FORTRAN or Waterloo FORTRAN IV), developed in Canada at the University of Waterloo, are implementations of the Fortran computer programming
WATFIV
Instructions a computer can execute
Institute (ANSI) developed the first Fortran standard in 1966. In 1978, Fortran 77 became the standard until 1991. Fortran 90 supports: records. pointers to
Computer_program
FORTRAN
FORTRAN
FORTRAN
FORTRAN
Boy/Male
Hindu
Eye of lamp
Girl/Female
Hindu
King of the gods
Boy/Male
Muslim
Glowing. Sparkling.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English cubit ‘forearm’ (from Latin cubitum), presumably applied as a nickname for someone with strong or otherwise remarkable forearms; in its extended sense, as a unit of length, it may have been a metonymic occupational name for a builder.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Osier.
Male
French
Old form of French Hugues, HUGON means "heart," "mind," or "spirit."
Boy/Male
Irish
Girl/Female
Australian, Latin
Deer; Gazelle; Very Graceful
Surname or Lastname
English (Essex)
English (Essex) : variant spelling of Polly.French : variant of Pollet.Altered spelling of French Polly.Variant spelling of Poley.
Girl/Female
American, Christian, German, Irish
Strong One; Free Woman; Womanly
FORTRAN
FORTRAN
FORTRAN
FORTRAN
FORTRAN