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Anatomical structure
A frustule is the hard and porous cell wall or external layer of diatoms. The frustule is composed almost purely of silica, made from silicic acid, and
Frustule
Single-celled alga with a silica cell wall
cell wall made of silica (hydrated silicon dioxide), called a frustule. These frustules produce structural coloration, prompting them to be described
Diatom
Soft, siliceous sedimentary rock
-2). Their frustules remain undissolved because they are surrounded by an organic matrix. Clay minerals may also precipitate on the frustules and protect
Diatomaceous_earth
Soft-bodied, aquatic invertebrates
the polyp and grow. Limnomedusae polyps can asexually produce a creeping frustule larval form, which crawls away before developing into another polyp. A
Jellyfish
Protective shell of a type of eukaryotic organism
protective silica (glass) shells called frustules. The beautifully engineered and intricate structure of many of these frustules is such that they are often referred
Protist_shell
Resting or dormant stage of a microorganism
Haptophytes: Coccolith Haptonema Stramenopiles General: Mastigoneme Diatoms: Frustule Brown algae: Lamina Pneumatocyst Alveolata General: Alveoli Trichocyst
Microbial_cyst
Eurasian sea northeast of the Mediterranean
the limited availability of silicon, a necessary constituent of diatom frustules. As a consequence of these blooms, benthic macrophyte populations were
Black_Sea
Organisms living in water or air that drift in the current or wind
Diatoms are one of the most common types of phytoplankton Fossil diatom frustule from 32 to 40 mya A cyanobacteria species (Cylindrospermum sp) Green algae
Plankton
Process by which living organisms produce minerals
Silicates (glass) are common in marine biominerals, where diatoms form frustules and radiolaria form capsules from hydrated amorphous silica (opal). The
Biomineralization
Anatomical structure
groups of diatoms it refers to microscopically punctured regions of the frustule, or outer layer. In certain groups of spider species, so-called cribellate
Cribellum
Autotrophic members of the plankton ecosystem
Diatoms have a silica shell (frustule) with radial (centric) or bilateral (pennate) symmetry
Phytoplankton
Hard, brittle internal structure found in all members of the family Sepiidae
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Cuttlebone
Genus of algae
the family Stephanodiscaceae, recognized for its circular, silica-based frustule and its ecological role as a primary producer in freshwater environments
Stephanodiscus_hantzschii
Oxide of silicon
(invertebrates and vertebrates). Prominent examples include: Tests or frustules (i.e. shells) of diatoms, Radiolaria, and testate amoebae. Silica phytoliths
Silicon_dioxide
Hard shell of some spherical marine animals
blastoids), the correct word is "theca". For diatoms, the term in use is "frustule", and for radiolarians it should be "capsule". The more common word "shell"
Test_(biology)
Rock-forming minerals with predominantly silicate anions
known as diatoms construct their exoskeletons ("frustules") from silica extracted from seawater. The frustules of dead diatoms are a major constituent of deep
Silicate_mineral
Genus of single-celled organisms
Tabellaria is a genus of freshwater diatoms. They are cuboid in shape, and the frustules (siliceous cell walls) are attached at the corners so that the colonies
Tabellaria
Chemical element with atomic number 14 (Si)
protein (SIT) to be predominantly used in the cell wall structure as frustules. Silicon enters the ocean in a dissolved form such as silicic acid or
Silicon
Organisms that live in salt water
production. Diatoms have glass like cell walls made of silica and called frustules. Radiolarian Single-celled alga, Gephyrocapsa oceanica Two dinoflagellates
Marine_life
Organic-inorganic composite material produced by some molluscs
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Nacre
Basic unit of life forms
covered by a pellicle (in ciliates), a test (in testate amoebae), or a frustule (in diatoms). Some protists such as amoebae may feed on other organisms
Cell_(biology)
Genus of algae
Like other diatoms, Gyrosigma has a siliceous cell wall called a frustule. The frustule is composed of two sections called valves, with one valve fitting
Gyrosigma
Extraction or expulsion of a liquid from a gel
proposed as the mechanism of formation for the amorphous silica composing the frustule of diatoms. In the processing of dairy milk, for example during cheese
Syneresis_(chemistry)
External skeleton of an organism
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Exoskeleton
Outermost layer of some cells
known as frustules or valves) from silicic acid. Significantly, relative to the organic cell walls produced by other groups, silica frustules require less
Cell_wall
Any polyatomic anion containing silicon and oxygen
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Silicate
Genus of marine planktonic diatoms
symmetrical pennate diatoms. Cell walls are made up of elongated silica frustules. The silica wall is fairly dense which leads to negative buoyancy, providing
Pseudo-nitzschia
Internal support structure of an animal
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Endoskeleton
Hard, protective outer layers created by an animal that lives in the sea
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Seashell
Class of microscopic fossils
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Calcareous_nannofossils
Mitochondrion-derived organelle
Haptophytes: Coccolith Haptonema Stramenopiles General: Mastigoneme Diatoms: Frustule Brown algae: Lamina Pneumatocyst Alveolata General: Alveoli Trichocyst
Hydrogenosome
Form of algae symbiosis
incorporating them subepidermally, while separating and digesting the frustule and remainder of the diatom. In B. solaris the extracted plastids, or kleptoplasts
Kleptoplasty
Genus of diatoms
the outside of the cell and another is excreted through a slit in the frustule called a raphe, allowing the cell to glide along a track. M.D. Guiry (2015)
Navicula
Genus of bacteria
within the diatom's periplasmic space between the plasmalemma and the frustule. Richelia's trichomes are made up of two cell types: heterocyst and vegetative
Richelia
Mechanical property that measures stiffness of a solid material
R. (January 2005). "Investigation of mechanical properties of diatom frustules using nanoindentation". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 5 (1)
Young's_modulus
Genus of heterokont algae
and may ultimately fail to produce scales. In contrast to diatoms—whose frustule formation and survival depend on silica—Synura needs silica for building
Synura
Fossils produced by magnetotactic bacteria
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Magnetofossil
diverse microscopic single-celled algae with silica cell walls, called frustules, that are abundant in freshwater and saltwater ecosystems. There are around
Forensic_limnology
Genus of algae
algae characterized by circular, radially symmetrical silica cell walls (frustules). They are commonly found in freshwater environments, such as lakes and
Stephanodiscus
Heterotrophic protistan or metazoan members of the plankton ecosystem
by extending parts of their body through the holes. As with the silica frustules of diatoms, radiolarian shells can sink to the ocean floor when radiolarians
Zooplankton
Tidal estuary on the U.S. East Coast
single-celled algae at the base of the food chain, which make shells ('frustules') of opaline silica. When diatoms are less productive, they are replaced
Long_Island_Sound
Species of single-celled organism
grow in the absence of silicon and can survive without making silicified frustules. This provides opportunities for experimental exploration of silicon-based
Phaeodactylum
Cell organelle in a few species
Haptophytes: Coccolith Haptonema Stramenopiles General: Mastigoneme Diatoms: Frustule Brown algae: Lamina Pneumatocyst Alveolata General: Alveoli Trichocyst
Mitosome
tactic for adverse conditions by producing dense spores with thick silica frustules that can sink cells out of the surface, typically high in light and temperature
Resting_spore
Any life form too small for the naked human eye to see that lives in a marine environment
Diatoms have glass like cell walls made of silica and called frustules. Fossil diatom frustule from 32 to 40 mya Radiolarian Single-celled alga, Gephyrocapsa
Marine_microorganisms
Cellular body type
or agglutinations of found materials like small grains of sand and the frustules of diatoms. To regulate osmotic pressure, most freshwater amoebae have
Amoeba
Shell-like protective outer covering of organisms
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Lorica_(biology)
Unicellular algae responsible for the formation of chalk
in diatoms, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores appear to operate. The frustule (diatom shell) seems to be the most inexpensive armor under all circumstances
Coccolithophore
Part of the body of a gastropod or snail
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Gastropod_shell
Branch of robotics
Biohybrid diatomite microswimmer drug delivery system Diatom frustule surface functionalised with photoactivable molecules (orange spheres) linked to vitamin
Microbotics
Accumulated material on seafloor
siliceous, sedimentary rock made up of microfossils in the form of the frustules (shells) of single cell diatoms (click 3X to fully magnify) The term calcareous
Marine_sediment
Fossils from the Ediacaran and Cambrian periods
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Small_shelly_fauna
Fossil that requires the use of a microscope to see
siliceous, sedimentary rock made up of microfossils in the form of the frustules (shells) of centric and pennate diatoms (click to magnify) Centric diatom
Microfossil
Belgian engineer, scientist, mathematician, and entrepreneur
transformation that unifies a wide range of natural and abstract shapes Diatom frustule morphogenesis and function: a multidisciplinary survey Somatic embryogenesis
Johan_Gielis
Shield for the ventral and dorsal parts of turtles
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Turtle_shell
Proposed order of diatoms
diatoms. The order is named for the shape of the cell walls (or valves or frustules) of pennate diatoms, which are elongated in valve view. The valves may
Pennales
Protists that live in saltwater or brackish water
algae group generating about 20% of world oxygen production. Fossil diatom frustule from 32 to 40 mya Radiolarian Single-celled alga, Gephyrocapsa oceanica
Marine_protists
Phylum of single-celled organisms
by extending parts of their body through the holes. As with the silica frustules of diatoms, radiolarian shells can sink to the ocean floor when radiolarians
Radiolaria
and diatom can also be seen (panel d), along with the 28Si signal of the frustule of the diatom, made of silica (panel e). Panel f is a fluorescence of the
Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry
Nanoscale_secondary_ion_mass_spectrometry
Accumulation of calcium salts in bodily tissue, usually bone
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Calcification
Genus of single-celled organisms
connecting band called a cingulum and all together are referred to as a frustule, and the whole cell is covered by a mucilaginous layer. The surface view
Pinnularia
Genus of single-celled organisms
species: S. costatum. Skeletonema are cylindrical shaped with a silica frustule. Cells are joined by long marginal processes to form a filament. Their
Skeletonema
Concept from evolutionary biology
by extending parts of their body through the holes. As with the silica frustules of diatoms, radiolarian shells can sink to the ocean floor when radiolarians
Turing_pattern
Organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism
Mediterranean, and Pacific waters. Richelia is found within the diatom frustule of Hemiaulus spp., and has a reduced genome. A 2011 study measured nitrogen
Endosymbiont
Bio-geochemical process
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation
Microbiologically_induced_calcite_precipitation
prefrontal, quadrifrons, transfrontier frustum frust- piece bifrustum, frustule, frustulent, frustulum, frustum †frustillum frustill- †frustulum frustul-
List of Latin words with English derivatives
List_of_Latin_words_with_English_derivatives
Method of feeding in some heterotrophic organisms
cytoplasmic feeding tube (conoid) is punctured through the diatom cell wall (frustule) and into the interior of the cell. A food vacuole is then established
Myzocytosis
Part of arthropods
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Arthropod_exoskeleton
Pakistani professor, researcher, marine biologist
graduate student Kay Bidle also showed that the dissolution of diatom frustules was accelerated by bacteria, as opposed to being a strictly abiotic process
Farooq_Azam
Species of diatom
characteristic of all diatoms. This hard, porous covering is known as the frustule and causes the cell to be more dense than the surrounding water. Oceanic
Ditylum_brightwellii
Geological petrification process
known as diatom frustules. In some silicified sedimentary rocks, fossils of diatoms are unearthed. This suggests that diatoms frustules were sources of
Silicification
Phylum of amoeboid protists
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Foraminifera
Family of single-celled organisms
typically exhibit disc-shaped, cylindrical, or wedge-shaped cells. Their frustules (silica cell walls) can be quite large, reaching up to 500 μm in diameter
Coscinodiscaceae
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Hypotheca may refer to: The inner theca of the frustule (exoskeleton) of a diatom Hypothec, in civil law, a sort of mortgage This
Hypotheca
Calcium carbonate material echinoderms are made of
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Stereom
Calcium carbonate scales covering some phytoplankton species
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Coccolith
Large genus of protists
shells or tests from mineral particles or biogenic elements (e.g. diatom frustules) and are thus commonly referred to as testate amoebae or shelled amoebae
Difflugia
Shell of a particular type of protist
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Foraminifera_test
Genus of single-celled organisms
"UV-shielding and wavelength conversion by centric diatom nanopatterned frustules". Scientific Reports, 8(1): 1–14. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34651-w. Material
Coscinodiscus
Biogenic pelagic sediment located on the deep ocean floor
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Siliceous_ooze
Division of fungi
development. The white arrow in panel (E) highlights branching rhizoids. (F) Endobiotic chytrid-like sporangia within diatom frustule; bars = 10 μm .
Chytridiomycota
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Biocrystallization
Genus of single-celled organisms
form chains. Thalassiosira have a cell wall made of silica, known as a frustule. Thalasiosira harbor several discoid plastids and a circular valve, which
Thalassiosira
Class of diatoms
diatoms. The order is named for the shape of the cell walls (or valves or frustules) of centric diatoms, which are circular or ellipsoid in valve view. The
Coscinodiscophyceae
Uppermost layer of a sea water column that is exposed to sunlight
chains. They are dominated by diatoms, which grow silicate shells called frustules. When diatoms die their shells can settle on the seafloor and become microfossils
Photic_zone
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Immobilization_(soil_science)
Species of fungi that live in marine or estuarine environments
of development. The white arrow in panel E highlights branching rhizoids. (F) Endobiotic chytrid-like sporangia within diatom frustule. Bars = 10 μm.
Marine_fungi
Species of single-celled organism
10 - 80 μm. It is encased in a heavily silicified cell wall, called the frustule, and is identified by its unique theca, raphe and striations, which distinguish
Fragilariopsis_kerguelensis
Exoskeleton of an animal in the phylum Mollusca
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Mollusc_shell
Silica that originates from terrestrial sources of rock and soil
radiolarians to create their mineral skeletons, and by diatoms to develop their frustules (external shells). These structures are vitally important, as they can
Lithogenic_silica
Class of sponges
Luis; Maldonado, Manuel (2021). "Recycling resources: silica of diatom frustules as a source for spicule building in Antarctic siliceous demosponges".
Demosponge
Genus of diatoms
both sides, and when its center is diaphanous, it resembles two tubular frustules united by their vertices ( translated from French )." Upon distinguishing
Cyclotella
Genus of single-celled organisms
cells of Chaetoceros are surrounded by siliceous cell walls known as frustules, which have two valves. Each valve may or may not have a central area
Chaetoceros
Chemical compound, Si(OH)4
so-called biogenic silica, used to construct their cell walls (called frustules). In the uppermost water column the surface ocean is undersaturated with
Orthosilicic_acid
Geological stratum or deposit containing bones
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Bone_bed
Biological tissues incorporating minerals
Lorica Choanoflagellate lorica Protist shell coccosphere coccolith diatom frustule foraminifera test testate amoebae Seashell echinoderm stereom mollusc shell
Mineralized_tissues
Structural element of sea sponges
Luis; Maldonado, Manuel (2021). "Recycling resources: silica of diatom frustules as a source for spicule building in Antarctic siliceous demosponges".
Sponge_spicule
Genus of jellyfishes
free-swimming buds. Mastigias organisms also are able to produce swimming frustules, a hard and porous cell wall covering diatoms. The genus Mastigias is
Mastigias
Genus of single-celled organisms
freshwater to brackish water environments it inhabits. In addition to frustule morphology the genus differs from closely related species by its sexual
Craticula
Genus of single-celled organisms
diatoms. These diatoms are recognized by their strongly dorsiventral frustules, which means that their ridges lie close to the ventral margin of the
Amphora_(diatom)
FRUSTULE
FRUSTULE
FRUSTULE
FRUSTULE
Girl/Female
Muslim
Iron, Rising
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Blackburn.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a variant of Henshaw.Possibly also an Americanized spelling of German Handschuh.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Mythological
Goddess Lakshmi
Boy/Male
Shakespearean Greek
A Midsummer Night's Dream' Bottom, a weaver, acts as Pyramus in the play within the play.
Boy/Male
Czechoslovakian
Czechoslovakian for son of Paul.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Smiling
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Greek
Well-born
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Netherlands, Swedish
Light; Abbreviation of Eleanor and Ellen; All; Completely; Sun Ray; Shining Light; Other; Foreign
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Listener
FRUSTULE
FRUSTULE
FRUSTULE
FRUSTULE
FRUSTULE
n.
The siliceous shell of a diatom. It is composed of two valves, one overlapping the other, like a pill box and its cover.
a.
Abounding in fragments.