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Uppermost layer of a sea water column that is exposed to sunlight
The photic zone (or euphotic zone, epipelagic zone, or sunlight zone) is the uppermost layer of a body of water that receives sunlight, allowing phytoplankton
Photic_zone
Portion of a lake or ocean where less than 1% of sunlight penetrates
penetrates. Above the aphotic zone is the photic zone, which consists of the euphotic zone and the dysphotic zone. The euphotic zone is the layer of water in
Aphotic_zone
Part of the water column near to the seabed and the benthos
depth and can be part of the photic zone where light can penetrate, and photosynthetic organisms grow, or the aphotic zone, which begins between depths
Demersal_zone
Groups of organisms living deep below the sea surface, sharing a habitat
referred to as the photic zone. The photic zone can be subdivided into two different vertical regions. The uppermost portion of the photic zone, where there
Deep-sea_community
Photic zone above the benthic zone in a freestanding body of water
an absence of a limnetic zone and the littoral zone spans the entire lake. Together, these two zones comprise the photic zone. There are two main sources
Limnetic_zone
Zone of the open ocean
than the photic zone, human knowledge of the bathypelagic zone remains limited by ability to explore the deep ocean. The bathypelagic zone is characterized
Bathypelagic_zone
Part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore
sublittoral zone refers to the areas where sunlight reaches the ocean floor, that is, where the water is never so deep as to take it out of the photic zone. This
Littoral_zone
Emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light
organism's eyes are used to convert blue light from the photic zone or green bioluminescence in the aphotic zone into red light to aid vision. A new fluorophore
Fluorescence
Flat area on the deep ocean floor
referred to as the photic zone. The photic zone can be subdivided into two different vertical regions. The uppermost portion of the photic zone, where there
Abyssal_plain
Relatively shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf
floor, that is where the water is never so deep as to take it out of the photic zone. It extends from the low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf
Neritic_zone
Shower of organic detritus in the ocean
significant means of exporting energy from the light-rich photic zone to the aphotic zone below, which is referred to as the biological pump. Export
Marine_snow
Synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide by biological organisms
being shallower than the photic zone, to being much deeper than the photic zone. When it is much deeper than the photic zone, this results in phytoplankton
Primary_production
Ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water
The pelagic zone is the water between the surface and the bottom. the photic zone is the water column down to the depth to which no light penetrates. This
Benthic_zone
Low-oxygen areas in coastal zones and lakes caused by eutrophication
Dead zones are hypoxic (low-oxygen) areas in the world's oceans and large lakes. Hypoxia occurs when dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration falls to or below
Dead_zone_(ecology)
Area of coast exposed only at low tide
estuaries, the neritic zone, the photic zone, and deep zones. Marine biologists divide the intertidal region into three zones (low, middle, and high), based
Intertidal_zone
Part of the ocean beyond the continental shelf
hadalpelagic zone. The mesopelagic (disphotic) zone, which is where only small amounts of light penetrate, lies below the epipelagic (photic) zone. The mesophelagic
Oceanic_zone
Body of salt water covering most of Earth
zones based on depth and the amount of daytime sunlight present. The photic zone starts at the surface and is defined to be "the depth at which light
Ocean
Fauna found in deep-sea areas
darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea. The lanternfish is, by far, the most common deep-sea fish
Deep-sea_fish
Emission of light by a living organism
clandestine operations. The larvae of railroad worms (Phrixothrix) have paired photic organs on each body segment, able to glow with green light; these are thought
Bioluminescence
Ecosystem in a body of water
Marine ecosystems can be divided into many zones depending upon water depth and shoreline features. The oceanic zone is the vast open part of the ocean where
Aquatic_ecosystem
Eurasian sea northeast of the Mediterranean
Day length and insolation intensity also control the extent of the photic zone. Subsurface productivity is limited by nutrient availability, as the
Black_Sea
Genus of frond-like lifeforms
found implies that it originally lived in deep water, well below the photic zone where photosynthesis can occur. Several Charnia species were described
Charnia
Mass extinction ending the Triassic period
reducing bacteria. Off the shores of the Wrangellia Terrane, the onset of photic zone euxinia was preceded by an interval of limited nitrogen availability
Triassic–Jurassic_extinction
Single-celled algae with silica cell walls
Snelling used these isotope records to document historic changes in the photic zone conditions of the north-west Pacific Ocean, including nutrient supply
Diatom
Wetland sites designated to have international importance by the Ramsar Convention
Microbial food web Microbial loop Mycoloop Nekton Neuston Particle Pelagic zone Photic zone Phytoplankton Plankton Pleuston Productivity Ramsar Convention Sediment
Ramsar_site
Condition when water is both anoxic and sulfidic
matter export is driven by high levels of primary production in the photic zone, supported by a continual supply of nutrients to the oxic surface waters
Euxinia
Earth's most severe extinction event
blocked out sunlight and disrupted photosynthesis on land and in the photic zone of the ocean, causing food chains to collapse. These volcanic outbursts
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Deepest region of the ocean lying within oceanic trenches
hadal zone, also known as the hadopelagic zone or hadalpelagic zone, is the deepest region of the ocean, lying within oceanic trenches. The hadal zone ranges
Hadal_zone
Fish in the pelagic zone of ocean waters
referred to as the surface waters or the sunlit zone, and includes the photic zone. The photic zone is defined as the surface waters down to the depth
Pelagic_fish
Part of the pelagic zone
mesopelagic zone (Greek μέσον, middle), also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone, is the part of the pelagic zone that lies between the photic epipelagic
Mesopelagic_zone
Areas of seawater, freshwater, or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved oxygen
litre. In most cases, oxygen diffusion is prevented from the shallower photic zone to deeper levels by a physical barrier, as well as by pronounced stratifications
Anoxic_waters
Species of fish
these depths, there is little to no light penetrating from the surface photic zone. Because of this, the humpback anglerfish has evolved means of predation
Humpback_anglerfish
Marine flowering plants
all autotrophic plants, seagrasses photosynthesize, in the submerged photic zone, and most occur in shallow and sheltered coastal waters anchored in sand
Seagrass
detritus sinking from the photic zone. Species richness in the profundal zone is often similar to that in the limnetic zone. Microbial levels in the profundal
Profundal_zone
Earth history, 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago
the Boring Billion contain mercury isotopic ratios characteristic of photic zone euxinia. More systematic geochemical study of the Mid-Proterozoic indicates
Boring_Billion
Aquatic region of low-nutrient concentration
availability in LNLC regions, which favors nutrient recycling in the photic zone and selects for smaller phytoplankton species. LNLC regions are generally
Low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll region
Low-nutrient,_low-chlorophyll_region
Conceptual column of water from the surface to the bottom of a body of water
the entire ocean, the epipelagic zone is home to a massive number of organisms. Among other organisms, the photic zone is home to vital communities of
Water_column
Science of inland aquatic ecosystems
penetrate and where most plant life is able to grow is known as the photic or euphotic zone. The rest of the water column which is deeper and does not receive
Limnology
Type of ecosystem
pelagic zone, the photic zone may be called the limnetic zone and the aphotic zone may be called the profundal zone. Inland from the littoral zone, one can
Lake_ecosystem
Downwards movement of one fluid within another
compared to deep water due to primary production using nutrients in the photic zone. Surface water is, however, high in oxygen compared to the deep ocean
Downwelling
Class of marine animals in the subphylum Tunicata
running through the tail. They can be found in the pelagic zone, specifically in the photic zone, or sometimes deeper. They are transparent planktonic animals
Larvacean
Chemical compound
rocks are helpful biomarkers to identify euxinic water columns in the photic zone. Isorenieratene has the chemical formula C40H48. It is a diaromatic carotenoid
Isorenieratene
Unicellular algae responsible for the formation of chalk
upper photic zone is low in nutrient concentration, high in light intensity and penetration, and usually higher in temperature. The lower photic zone is
Coccolithophore
Organisms living in water or air that drift in the current or wind
found in the sunlit zone of the water column, less than 200 metres deep, which is sometimes called the epipelagic or photic zone. Ichthyoplankton are
Plankton
Type of environment in which an organism lives
seep Coral reef Demersal zone Estuary Hydrothermal vent Intertidal zone Kelp forest Littoral zone Oceanic trench Photic zone Seagrass meadow Mangrove
Habitat
Second of the big five mass extinctions
described from a variety of localities. Shallow-water disruptions include photic zone euxinia: oxygen deprivation and a high concentration of toxic sulfides
Late_Devonian_mass_extinction
Bottom layer of a body of water
that particles from the photic zone sink at a rate of approximately 100 meters per day. Up to 10% of sediment from the photic zone is able to sink all the
Benthic_boundary_layer
Genus of algae
come to the attention of humans annually due to transient blooms in the photic zone of temperate lakes and ponds. Such blooms may produce volatile organic
Dinobryon
Species of tunicate (Not to be confused with the titan or the saturnian moon)
recorded at 852 g WW m−3 in the Tasman Sea. Thetys vagina stays in the photic zone and is often found in places of high chlorophyll concentration, likely
Thetys_vagina
Method used by several animal species to determine location using sound
odontocetes to invade and feed at depths below the photic zone. In particular, echolocation below the photic zone could have been a predation adaptation to diel
Animal_echolocation
Lowest layer in the ocean
vents, this energy comes from organic material drifting down from the photic zone. The sinking organic material is composed of algal particulates, detritus
Deep_sea
Trace fossil
encrusting microbes. Oncolites are indicators of warm waters in the photic zone, but are also known in contemporary freshwater environments. These structures
Oncolite
One of Earth's eight biogeographic realms
light-flooded surface, bringing nutrients from all oceans back to the photic zone. On August 20, 2014, scientists confirmed the existence of microorganisms
Antarctic_realm
Chemical element with atomic number 47 (Ag)
surface but rise in deeper waters. Silver is taken up by plankton in the photic zone, remobilized with depth, and enriched in deep waters. Silver is transported
Silver
that at the surface. The photic zone exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur. The depth of the photic zone can be greatly affected by
Glossary_of_fishery_terms
Breakdown of organic matter to simple chemicals by living organisms
electron transport chain. A quarter of all organic material that exits the photic zone makes it to the seafloor without being remineralised and 90% of that
Remineralisation
Climatic period during the Eocene epoch
the Green River Formation ranged from 28 °C to 35 °C, with lacustrine photic zone euxinia being prevalent. Sediments from San Diego County, California
Early_Eocene_Climatic_Optimum
Biogeochemical cycle
is recycled and upwelled for use again in the photic zone. Biogenic silica production in the photic zone is estimated to be 240 ± 40 Tmol si year −1. The
Silica_cycle
Water column of the open ocean
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean and can be further divided into regions by depth. The word pelagic is derived from Ancient
Pelagic_zone
Genus of bacteria
of eutrophic waters, by optimally positioning themselves within the photic zone in a stable water column. Because they can form large surface blooms
Microcystis
Anaerobic respiration process by microbes
(primary productivity stimulated by nutrients entering the photic zone from outside the photic zone, for example from the deep ocean) and 'regenerated production'
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium
Dissimilatory_nitrate_reduction_to_ammonium
high elevation that remains frozen year-round. petrographic province photic zone The uppermost layer of a body of water (e.g. a lake or ocean), defined
Glossary of geography terms (N–Z)
Glossary_of_geography_terms_(N–Z)
Unicellular algae responsible for the formation of chalk
upwelling zones to nutrient poor oligotrophic waters. It is one of thousands of different photosynthetic plankton that freely drift in the photic zone of the
Gephyrocapsa_huxleyi
Brackish water body in the Netherlands partly isolated from the North Sea by a levee
oysters and many fixed organisms) is rich in the shallow waters in the photic zone, but the deep sediments are less conducive to marine life, and fishes
Grevelingen
column. This limits phytoplankton photosynthesis to a relatively shallow photic zone. Thus, when the water column is stratified, turbidity is high, and ammonium
Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary
Ecology_of_the_San_Francisco_Estuary
Coralline red algae
movement, light and salinity concentration. Maerl beds occur in the photic zone, and can be found to around 30 m depth in the British Isles and up to
Maerl
Endorheic lake in California
the high population of single-celled planktonic algae present in the photic zone of the lake. These algae reproduce rapidly during winter and early spring
Mono_Lake
Small, shrimp-like crustaceans; order of crustaceans
their yolk reserves are exhausted and the larvae must have reached the photic zone, the upper layers of the ocean where algae flourish. During the furcilia
Krill
Layered iron-rich sedimentary rock
consequence of anoxic, iron-rich waters from the deep ocean welling up into a photic zone inhabited by cyanobacteria that had evolved the capacity to carry out
Banded_iron_formation
Phylum of aquatic animals
Ediacaran assemblages (e.g. Mistaken Point) were in deep water, below the photic zone, and hence those individuals could not dependent on endosymbiotic photosynthesisers
Placozoa
Aquatic organisms with multiple life stages
seasonal resting phase below the photic zone and can be found commonly amongst the benthos of lakes and coastal zones. Meroplankton species composition
Meroplankton
Anoxic extinction event in the Cretaceous period
uncommon in the latter part of the Cenomanian, it only expanded into the photic zone during OAE2 itself. OAE2 began on the southern margins of the proto-North
Cenomanian–Turonian boundary event
Cenomanian–Turonian_boundary_event
Study of manufactured products on aquatic organisms
Microbial food web Microbial loop Mycoloop Nekton Neuston Particle Pelagic zone Photic zone Phytoplankton Plankton Pleuston Productivity Ramsar Convention Sediment
Aquatic_toxicology
International treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands
Microbial food web Microbial loop Mycoloop Nekton Neuston Particle Pelagic zone Photic zone Phytoplankton Plankton Pleuston Productivity Ramsar Convention Sediment
Ramsar_Convention
Habitat that supports marine life
deep, it follows that coastal habitats are generally photic, situated in the sunlit epipelagic zone. This means the conditions for photosynthetic processes
Marine_habitat
Species of single-celled organism
heterotrophic planktonic foraminifer with a wide distribution in the photic zone of the world's oceans. It is able to tolerate a range of sea surface
Globigerina_bulloides
Eggs and larvae of fish that drift in the water column
found in the sunlit zone of the water column, less than 200 metres deep, which is sometimes called the epipelagic or photic zone. Ichthyoplankton are
Ichthyoplankton
Microbial food web Microbial loop Mycoloop Nekton Neuston Particle Pelagic zone Photic zone Phytoplankton Plankton Pleuston Productivity Ramsar Convention Sediment
Sustainable_gardening
Depth in the oceans below which no calcium carbonate sediment particles are preserved
diagram, biogenic calcium carbonate (CaCO3) tests are produced in the photic zone of the oceans (green circles). Upon death, those tests escaping dissolution
Carbonate_compensation_depth
Phylum of photosynthesising prokaryotes
microorganisms grew in most marine and non-marine environments in the photic zone. After the Cambrian explosion of marine animals, grazing on the stromatolite
Cyanobacteria
Third and final epoch of the Triassic Period
2013). "Elevated pCO2 leading to Late Triassic extinction, persistent photic zone euxinia, and rising sea levels". Geology. 41 (9): 955–958. Bibcode:2013Geo
Late_Triassic
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the fraction of total primary production fuelled by nitrate
that nitrification can occur at shallower depths, and even within the photic zone. As the adjacent diagram shows, if ammonium is indeed nitrified to nitrate
F-ratio_(oceanography)
High-altitude lake in a mountainous zone
respiration by increasing light attenuation and decreasing the size of the photic zone. Alpine lake ecosystems are undergoing unprecedented rates of change
Alpine_lake
Genus of annelids
most species of vestimentiferan tubeworms live in deep waters below the photic zone, L. satsuma was discovered in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima at a depth of
Lamellibrachia
Strait connecting the Atlantic and Caribbean
high-diffusivity patches that generate a vertical flux of nitrate (NO3−) into the photic zone and can sustain new production locally. Higher values of primary productivity
Mona_Passage
Subclass of protists
between them. They also lack symbiotic algae, generally living below the photic zone, and do not produce any strontium sulfate. Phaeodaria are unicellular
Phaeodaria
Genus of single-celled organisms
is also represented in the fossil record. Peneroplis dwell in upper photic zone. They favour tropical to temperate shallow marine environments, feeding
Peneroplis
Autotrophic members of the plankton ecosystem
ingesting other organisms or detrital material. Phytoplankton live in the photic zone of the ocean, where photosynthesis is possible. During photosynthesis
Phytoplankton
Species of krill
surface, it brings nutrients from all of the world's oceans back into the photic zone where they are once again available to living organisms. Thus primary
Antarctic_krill
Volcanic island in the Kermadec Islands
hydrothermal activity occurs at shallow depths, thus fluids can enter the photic zone where biological productivity is highest. Islands portal New Zealand
Macauley_Island
Biogenic pelagic sediment located on the deep ocean floor
inputs of silicic acid into the ocean. Biogenic silica production in the photic zone is estimated to be 240 ± 40 Tmol si year −1. Rapid dissolution in the
Siliceous_ooze
Family of transmembrane proteins
environment, pRhodopsin containing microorganisms is primarily found in photic zone. The topology and active site residues for proton transporting retinylidene
Proteorhodopsin
Species of echinoderm
hypothesized to create an important habitat and energy source below the photic zone. These diverse ecosystem effects of red urchins highlight their importance
Red_sea_urchin
vents. The divergence of anoxygenic photosynthetic organisms at the photic zone could have led to the ability to strip electrons from H2S more efficiently
Evolution_of_photosynthesis
Carbon capture process in oceans
ocean through the carbonate pump, whereby PIC is exported out of the photic zone and deposited in the bottom sediments. Coccolithophores Particulate inorganic
Biological_pump
Largest anoxic event in the Jurassic period and Phanerozoic eon
deep photic zone suffered, with the decrease in abundance of the taxon Mitrolithus jansae used as an indicator of shoaling of the oxygen minimum zone in
Toarcian_Oceanic_Anoxic_Event
Class of marine molluscs
intertidal zone and are exposed to the air and light for long periods. Most species inhabit intertidal or subtidal zones, and do not extend beyond the photic zone
Chiton
Period of worldwide glaciation during the Cryogenian period
indicates that there remained areas of suitable habitat for them in the photic zone along the coasts of mid-latitude continents during the Marinoan glaciation
Marinoan_glaciation
Geologic formation in China
Doushantuo Formation. The rocks were deposited in shallow seas, in the photic zone yet below storm wave base,[clarification needed] yet were deposited in
Lantian_Formation
Provision of nutrients to the upper layers of the oceans
slow natural cycle. Where phosphate is the limiting nutrient in the photic zone, addition of phosphate is expected to increase primary phytoplankton
Ocean_fertilization
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PHOTIC ZONE
PHOTIC ZONE
Boy/Male
Irish
Poetic.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
Symbol
Girl/Female
English
Modern phonetic.
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Poetic.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Exotic
Boy/Male
Indian
Poetic Lines
Male
Greek
(Φώτιος) Greek name derived from the element phos, PHOTIOS means "light."
Girl/Female
Greek
Grace. Phonetic.
Girl/Female
English
Phonetic.
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Poetic.
Female
Greek
(Φωτινή) Greek name derived from the word phos, PHOTINE means "light."
Girl/Female
English
Modern phonetic.
Boy/Male
Biblical, Dutch, German
Exotic Bird
Girl/Female
English
Phonetic.
Girl/Female
English
Phonetic.
Girl/Female
English
Phonetic.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Poetic Enjoyment
Girl/Female
Biblical
Relaxation, physic, comfort.
Girl/Female
English
Modern phonetic.
Boy/Male
Czechoslovakian
Barber.
PHOTIC ZONE
PHOTIC ZONE
PHOTIC ZONE
PHOTIC ZONE
PHOTIC ZONE
PHOTIC ZONE
PHOTIC ZONE
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Physic
a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, aptotes; uninflected; as, aptotic languages.
a.
Relating to the production of light by the lower animals.
n.
A myotic agent.
a.
Relating to digestion; promoting digestion; digestive; as, peptic sauces.
a.
Shortened by dropping a letter or a syllable from the beginning of a word; as, an aphetic word or form.
a.
Partially chaotic.
n.
Erotic quality.
v. t.
To treat with physic or medicine; to administer medicine to, esp. a cathartic; to operate on as a cathartic; to purge.
imp. & p. p.
of Physic
a.
Introduced from a foreign country; not native; extraneous; foreign; as, an exotic plant; an exotic term or word.
n.
A prootic bone.
a.
Representing sounds; as, phonetic characters; -- opposed to ideographic; as, a phonetic notation.
a.
Pertaining to azote, or nitrogen; formed or consisting of azote; nitric; as, azotic gas; azotic acid.
a.
Relating to life; as, the biotic principle.
a.
Choric; choral.
a.
Myotic.
pl.
of Photo
a.
Pertaining to pepsin; resembling pepsin in its power of digesting or dissolving albuminous matter; containing or yielding pepsin, or a body of like properties; as, the peptic glands.
n.
The science of light; -- a general term sometimes employed when optics is restricted to light as a producing vision.
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