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Part of the genetic makeup of a cell which determines one of its characteristics
The genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material. Genotype can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries
Genotype
Laboratory process
Genotyping is the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up (genotype) of an individual by examining the individual's DNA sequence using
Genotyping
Combination of alleles in more than one place
A multilocus genotype is the combination of alleles found at two or more loci in a single individual. For example, in a diploid species, if there are two
Multilocus_genotype
Distinction made in genetics
The genotype–phenotype distinction is drawn in genetics. The "genotype" is an organism's full hereditary information. The "phenotype" is an organism's
Genotype–phenotype distinction
Genotype–phenotype_distinction
2026 studio album by Textures
Genotype is the sixth studio album by Dutch progressive metalcore band Textures. It was released on 23 January 2026 via Kscope. Music videos were released
Genotype_(album)
allele frequencies and genotype frequencies. Genotype frequency in a population is the number of individuals with a given genotype divided by the total
Genotype_frequency
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes refer to the genetic variations that occurs in the hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis C is a contagious disease that primarily
HCV_genotypes
Composite of the organism's observable characteristics or traits
factors: the expression of an organism's unique profile of genes (its genotype) and the influence of environmental factors experienced by that same organism
Phenotype
Measurement of genetic variations
SNP genotyping is the measurement of genetic variations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between members of a species. It is a form of genotyping
SNP_genotyping
Expected reproductive success
defined either with respect to a genotype or to a phenotype in a given environment or time. The fitness of a genotype is manifested through its phenotype
Fitness_(biology)
(see SNP genotyping). Due to the increasing abundance of NGS data, these techniques are becoming increasingly popular for performing SNP genotyping, with
SNV_calling_from_NGS_data
The genotype-first approach is a type of strategy used in genetic epidemiological studies to associate specific genotypes to apparent clinical phenotypes
Genotype-first_approach
Conceptual model in genetic architecture
The genotype–phenotype map is a conceptual model in genetic architecture. Coined in a 1991 paper by Pere Alberch, it models the interdependency of genotype
Genotype–phenotype_map
Laboratory process
red cells). These antigens form the (molecular) basis of blood types. Genotyping has greatly reduced the cost of extended blood typing beyond ABO and RhD
Blood_group_genotyping
Principle in genetics
Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law, states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation
Hardy–Weinberg_principle
Species of virus
The minor genotypes diverged about 200 years ago from their major genotypes. All of the extant genotypes appear to have evolved from genotype 1 subtype
Hepatitis_C_virus
sequencing, genotyping by sequencing, also called GBS, is a method to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in order to perform genotyping studies
Genotyping_by_sequencing
Subtype of influenza A virus
Jia CX, Xiong KJ, Sun YH, Zhang XW, Wu XM, Gao XB, Li TX (2005). "New Genotype of Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses Isolated from Tree Sparrows in China".
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H5N1
Statistical method for DNA profiling
Probabilistic genotyping is the use of statistical methods and mathematical algorithms in DNA Profiling. It may be used instead of manual methods in difficult
Probabilistic_genotyping
Dependence of environmental conditions on individual genotype
correlation (or genotype–environment correlation) is said to occur when exposure to environmental conditions depends on an individual's genotype. Gene–environment
Gene–environment_correlation
One gene variant masking the effect of another in the other copy of the gene
associated with allele r. In this case, three combinations of alleles (genotypes) are possible: RR, Rr, and rr. The RR (homozygous) individuals have round
Dominance_(genetics)
Human with cells of different genotypes
A human chimera is a human with a subset of cells with a distinct genotype than other cells, that is, having genetic chimerism. An organism that contains
Human_chimera
Dutch progressive metalcore band
fifth album, Phenotype. It was recorded at the same time as another album, Genotype, which was set to be released in 2017, and both could be considered the
Textures_(band)
Noninvasive genotyping is a modern technique for obtaining DNA for genotyping that is characterized by the indirect sampling of specimen, not requiring
Noninvasive_genotyping
File format for genomic variation data
the 1000 Genomes Project and has since been used by other large-scale genotyping and DNA sequencing projects. VCF is a common output format for variant
Variant_Call_Format
Variant of DNA sequence at a locus
heterozygous genotypes), "Type B" (produced by IBIB homozygous and IBi heterozygous genotypes), "Type AB" produced by IAIB heterozygous genotype, and "Type
Allele
Extra X and Y chromosome in males
XXYY syndrome is a sex chromosome anomaly in which males have two extra chromosomes, one X and one Y chromosome. Human cells usually contain two sex chromosomes
XXYY_syndrome
Measure used in population genetics
population genetics to quantify the relative fitness of a genotype compared to other genotypes. Selection coefficients are central to the quantitative description
Selection_coefficient
Response to the same environmental variation differently by different genotypes
Gene–environment interaction (or genotype–environment interaction or G×E) is when two different genotypes respond to environmental variation in different
Gene–environment_interaction
Mistress Luna Mausoleum Blues rock, desert rock New Heavy Sounds Textures Genotype Progressive metalcore, djent Kscope Van Morrison Somebody Tried to Sell
List_of_2026_albums
Statistical inference of unobserved genotypes
In genetics, imputation is the statistical inference of unobserved genotypes. It is achieved by using known haplotypes in a population, for instance from
Imputation_(genetics)
Evolutionary biology hypothesis
and famine).[citation needed] According to the hypothesis, the 'thrifty' genotype would have been advantageous for hunter-gatherer populations, especially
Thrifty_gene_hypothesis
Type of biological inheritance
which can visually demonstrate all the possible genotypes that an offspring can receive, given the genotypes of their parents. Each parent carries two alleles
Mendelian_inheritance
Tabular summary of genetic combinations
The Punnett square is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald
Punnett_square
of statistical estimation of haplotypes from genotype data. The most common situation arises when genotypes are collected at a set of polymorphic sites
Haplotype_estimation
Measure in population genetics
difference between the fitness of an average genotype in a population and the fitness of some reference genotype, which may be either the best present in
Genetic_load
Protein found in humans
inheritance of the GG or GA genotype is observed while the AA genotype is recessive. The phenotypes expressed by the genotypes include cerumen type (wet
ABCC11
Ability of a system to resist change without adapting its initial stable configuration
A network of genotypes linked by mutations. Each genotype is made up of 3 genes: a, b & c. Each gene can be one of two alleles. Lines link different phenotypes
Robustness
Categorical data analysis trend
become smaller as the dose increases. The trend test is often used as a genotype-based test for case-control genetic association studies. The trend test
Cochran–Armitage test for trend
Cochran–Armitage_test_for_trend
one Z and one W sexual chromosome (genotype ZW), while male (the homogametic sex) carries two Z chromosomes (genotype ZZ). Thus, reciprocal crosses between
Dwarfism_in_chickens
Proportion of individuals that express the trait associated with an allele
proportion of individuals carrying a particular variant (or allele) of a gene (genotype) that also expresses an associated trait (phenotype). In medical genetics
Penetrance
Evolutionary process
evolutionary process by which the fitness of a phenotype or genotype depends on the phenotype or genotype composition of a given population. In positive frequency-dependent
Frequency-dependent_selection
Domestic cat with distinctive coat markings
and this allele is dominant over the others. So a TaTa genotype as well as TaTm and TaTb genotypes are ticked tabbies. The ticked tabby coat essentially
Tabby_cat
Fur and skin colour variations of the show pet
Variation Genotype Black aa
Syrian_hamster_variations
Relative frequency of a variant of a gene at a particular locus in a population
frequency is distinct from the genotype frequency, although they are related, and allele frequencies can be calculated from genotype frequencies. In population
Allele_frequency
Degree of similarity of the alleles in an organism
hemizygous are used to describe the genotype of a diploid organism at a single locus on the DNA. Homozygous describes a genotype consisting of two identical alleles
Zygosity
Pharaoh of Egypt from 1333 to 1324 BC
Tutankhamun or Tutankhamen (Ancient Egyptian: twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn; c. 1342 BC – c. 1323 BC), was the antepenultimate pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of ancient
Tutankhamun
State of unresponsiveness of the immune system
Schematic of the reaction norm of tolerance (after). Organisms of genotype 2 are considered more tolerant to the pathogen than organisms of genotype 1.
Immune_tolerance
Degree to which a phenotype is expressed
degree to which a phenotype is expressed by individuals having a particular genotype. Alternatively, it may refer to the expression of a particular gene by
Expressivity_(genetics)
Influence of mother's environment and genotype on offspring's phenotype
not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also by the environment and genotype of its mother. In genetics, maternal effects occur
Maternal_effect
Rate at which mutations occur during some unit of time
genome of a single species. Mutation rates can also differ even between genotypes of the same species; for example, bacteria have been observed to evolve
Mutation_rate
Model used to visualise relationship between genotypes and reproductive success
used to visualize the relationship between genotypes and reproductive success. It is assumed that every genotype has a well-defined replication rate (often
Fitness_landscape
Aspect of population genetics
the pure-bred homozygote parental strain with genotype AABB with a different pure-bred strain with genotype aabb. A and a and B and b represent the alleles
Genetic_linkage
Aspect of gene expression
of reaction, describes the pattern of phenotypic expression of a single genotype across a range of environments. One use of reaction norms is in describing
Reaction_norm
Classification based on antibodies and antigens on RBC surfaces
blood group genotyping, commonly known as red cell genotyping. In contrast to serologic tests reporting a direct blood type phenotype, genotyping allows the
Blood_type
Acute infectious disease of the liver
subgenotype IIB. Genotype III has been isolated from both humans and owl monkeys. Most human isolates are of genotype I. Of genotype I isolates, subtype
Hepatitis_A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encoded by the TAS2R38 gene. TAS2R38 is a bitter taste receptor; varying genotypes of TAS2R38 influence the ability to taste both 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP)
TAS2R38
Data structure and types for evolutionary computation
suitable genotype-phenotype mapping: All possible admissible solutions must be contained in the search space. When more possible genotypes exist than
Genetic_representation
Concept in genetics
two heterozygous individuals will result in predictable ratios for both genotype and phenotype in the offspring. The expected phenotypic ratio of crossing
Dihybrid_cross
Individuals nearly identical in genotype due to long inbreeding
individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. A strain is generally defined to be inbred once
Inbred_strain
Danish botanist and geneticist
geneticist. He is best known for coining the terms gene, phenotype and genotype, and for his 1903 "pure line" experiments in genetics. Johannsen was born
Wilhelm_Johannsen
Measure of the ability of a population to produce the same phenotype
produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment or genotype. It is a form of evolutionary robustness. The term was coined in 1942 by
Canalisation_(genetics)
Study of the inheritance of continuously variable traits
effect size, the mean and the variance) to link phenotypes (attributes) to genotypes. Some phenotypes may be analyzed either as discrete categories or as continuous
Quantitative_genetics
Human viral infection
genotype. In the United States, about 70% of cases are caused by genotype 1, 20% by genotype 2, and about 1% by each of the other genotypes. Genotype
Hepatitis_C
Upper Paleolithic period skeleton of a Paleo-Indian woman
Luzia Woman (Portuguese pronunciation: [luˈzi.ɐ]) is the name for an Upper Paleolithic period Paleo-Indian woman whose skeletal remains were found in a
Luzia_Woman
Central nervous system stimulant
estrous cycle. Dafny N, Yang PB (15 February 2006). "The role of age, genotype, sex, and route of acute and chronic administration of methylphenidate:
Amphetamine
1990–1991 conflict in the Middle East
down sarin than its type R counterpart. The authors "found that the PON1 genotype and hearing nerve agent alarms were independent and the findings robust
Gulf_War
Ability to digest milk after infancy
advantage exists for lactase persistence, and the lactase persistence genotype and phenotype remains rare. For example, in East Asia, historical sources
Lactase_persistence
Herpes virus that causes chickenpox and shingles
VZV genotypes. Sequence analysis of VZV isolates identified both shared and specific markers for every genotype and validated a unified VZV genotyping strategy
Varicella_zoster_virus
Genus of bacteria
Leptospira (from Ancient Greek λεπτός (leptós) 'fine, thin, narrow, etc.' and Latin spira 'coil') is a genus of spirochaete bacteria, including a small
Leptospira
Testing to identify incompatibilities between blood types
drugs may show spurious agglutination reactions in serologic testing, so genotyping may be necessary to determine their blood type accurately. Genetic testing
Blood_compatibility_testing
Most common genetic condition leading to color blindness
correlated to genotype. The genotype can be directly evaluated by sequencing the OPN1MW and OPN1LW genes. The correlation between genotype and phenotype
Congenital red–green color blindness
Congenital_red–green_color_blindness
Genetic disorder caused by a mutation of chromosome 15
maternal copy is still absent, this genotype is still problematic for CNS development. Importantly, the genotypes are predictive of the severity of symptoms
Angelman_syndrome
Genetic mutation affecting the colour of budgerigars
these varieties may be masking many other hypostatic mutations, so the genotype of an Albino or Lutino with respect to these mutations cannot be determined
Ino_budgerigar_mutation
Cultivation of plants and animals to produce foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials
for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping". PNAS. 102 (41): 14694–14699. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10214694S. doi:10.1073/pnas
Agriculture
Inflammation of the liver
ribavirin, based on the patient's genotype, delineated as genotypes 1–6. Genotype 1 (GT1), which is the most prevalent genotype in the United States and around
Hepatitis
2016 studio album by Textures
Nuclear Blast. The album was recorded at the same time as another album, Genotype, which was set to be released in 2017. Both albums were based around the
Phenotype_(album)
Species of pathogenic bacterium found in water
biotype 1, two distinct genotypes have been isolated, the C-genotype (clinical) and the E-genotype (environmental). The C-genotype is associated with human
Vibrio_vulnificus
Capacity of a system for adaptive evolution
behavior. Analogously, the evolvability of organisms depends on their genotype–phenotype map. This means that genomes are structured in ways that make
Evolvability
Classification of blood types
the various blood groups that children may inherit from their parents. Genotypes are shown in the second column and in small print for the offspring: AO
ABO_blood_group_system
Genetically determined delay in first weeks of feather growing
10-day-old chicks. (A) Normal-feathering, with a T− genotype. (B) "Retarded"-feathering, with tsts genotype. (C) "Tardy"-feathering, with tt genotype.
Delayed feathering in chickens
Delayed_feathering_in_chickens
Organism composed of cells of different genotypes
ky-MEER-ə, kih-) is a single organism composed of cells of different genotypes. Animal chimeras can be produced by the fusion of two (or more) embryos
Chimera_(genetics)
Classes of computational models
distributed grass. Each color represents the spatial extent of a distinct genotype in a microscale model using stochastic cellular automata. Each curve on
Microscale and macroscale models
Microscale_and_macroscale_models
Group of genes from one parent
A haplotype (haploid genotype) is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent. Many organisms contain genetic material
Haplotype
Viral agent that causes mumps
size from 100 to 600 nanometers in diameter. One serotype and twelve genotypes that vary in their geographic distribution are recognized. Humans are
Mumps_virus
Species of virus
major genotypes (I–IV) of OROV. Genotype I was isolated from strains in Acre, Amazonas, Maranhão, Tocantins, Pará, Trinidad, and Tobago. Genotype II was
Oropouche_virus
American fast food restaurant chain
oxidative stress in the development of congestive heart failure in a chicken genotype selected for rapid growth". Avian Pathology. 37 (4): 367–373. doi:10
McDonald's
Effect in population genetics
each population is in an internal Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, so that the genotype frequencies AA, Aa and aa are p2, 2pq, and q2 respectively for each population
Wahlund_effect
two or more distinct genotypes rearranges in the course of time, giving birth to a spatial organization where some or all genotypes are concentrated in
Genetic_demixing
Pharmaceutical drug
sofosbuvir and velpatasvir. It is more than 90% effective for hepatitis C genotypes one through six. It also works for hepatitis C in those who also have
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
Allele association in population genetics
loci. Each genotype (combination of alleles) is represented by a circle which has an area proportional to the frequency of that genotype, with a column
Linkage_disequilibrium
DNA locus associated with variation in a quantitative trait
leverages Wright's observations about the statistical relationship between genotype and phenotype in families and populations to understand how certain genetic
Quantitative_trait_locus
Type of genetic marker
and genotype DNA sequence polymorphisms mainly in form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Polymorphisms that are identified and genotyped by isolating
Restriction site associated DNA markers
Restriction_site_associated_DNA_markers
One of two offspring produced by the same pregnancy
making them unique. Monozygotic twins can have rare differences in their genotypes, normally due to an environmental factor or the deactivation of different
Twin
Chemical compound
use against hepatitis C genotype 1 viral infections and has not been proven to be safe or effective when used for other genotypes of the virus. The standard
Telaprevir
Score from a test designed to assess intelligence
S2CID 11265284. Harden, K. P.; Turkheimer, E.; Loehlin, J. C. (2005). "Genotype environment interaction in adolescents' cognitive ability". Behavior Genetics
Intelligence_quotient
connect genotypes with phenotypes in an effort to aid research that combats genetic diseases. Monarch does this by integrating multi-species genotype, phenotype
The_Monarch_Initiative
Lung disease involving long-term poor airflow
underlying mechanisms. One phenotype may be related to multiple endotypes. A genotype is based on the presence or absence of a genetic factor and its effects
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease
Trait change of an organism in response to environmental variation
wide variety of environments, understanding and ability to predict crop genotype by environment interaction will be essential for future food stability
Phenotypic_plasticity
Statistical method in genetic epidemiology
Importantly, the genotype must only affect the disease status indirectly via its effect on the exposure of interest. As genotypes are assigned randomly
Mendelian_randomization
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE
Male
Hebrew
(הֵילֵל) Hebrew name HEYLEL means "light-bringer." In the bible, this is a name for the morning star (Lucifer) and the honorific title of a Babylonian king. Lucifer is the Latin translation of this name.
Boy/Male
Indian
Creative; Inspired Person
Girl/Female
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Sacred River; Good Smell
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Nice
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sinadévi | ஸீநாதேவீ
Male
Arthurian
, husband of Enygeus.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Limitless; Bound-free
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Sound of Ankle Bell
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Free
Girl/Female
Hindu
God is gracious, Superior person
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE