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The ascorbate-glutathione cycle, sometimes Foyer-Halliwell-Asada pathway, is a metabolic pathway that detoxifies hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive
Glutathione-ascorbate_cycle
Ubiquitous antioxidant compound in living organisms
acetaminophen. In plants, glutathione plays a role in stress response. It is a component of the glutathione-ascorbate cycle, a system that reduces poisonous
Glutathione
Enzyme
component of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and are important for peroxide scavenging and redox signaling. In the catalytic cycle, the immediate one-electron
Ascorbate_peroxidase
Chemical compound
state of the NMDA receptor complex. Glutathione-ascorbate cycle Antioxidant Meister A, Anderson ME (1983). "Glutathione". Annual Review of Biochemistry.
Glutathione_disulfide
Enzyme
reduced glutathione participates in the glutathione-ascorbate cycle in which reduced glutathione reduces dehydroascorbate, a reactive byproduct of the
Glutathione_reductase
Compound that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules
other metabolites and enzyme systems, such as ascorbate in the glutathione-ascorbate cycle, glutathione peroxidases and glutaredoxins, as well as reacting
Antioxidant
monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) is an enzymatic component of the glutathione-ascorbate cycle that is one of the major antioxidant systems of plant cells for
Monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH)
Monodehydroascorbate_reductase_(NADH)
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
dehydroascorbate reductase activity and may function in the glutathione-ascorbate cycle as part of antioxidant metabolism. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89:
GSTO1
Enzyme
vitamin E and vitamin C. In mild cases, ascorbate and N-acetylcysteine have been shown to increase glutathione levels and increase erythrocyte production
Glutathione_synthetase
Incorporation of sulfur into living organisms
hydroperoxides. Glutathione functions as reductant in the enzymatic detoxification of reactive oxygen species in the glutathione-ascorbate cycle and as thiol
Sulfur_assimilation
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
oxidative stress. It reduces glutathione via glutathione reductase, which converts reactive H2O2 into H2O by glutathione peroxidase. If absent, the H2O2
Pentose_phosphate_pathway
Biochemistry researcher, academic
where with Christine Foyer and others in 1976, he discovered the glutathione–ascorbate cycle (also known as the Foyer–Halliwell–Asada pathway) by which chloroplasts
Barry_Halliwell
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
include cytochrome P450 oxidases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and glutathione S-transferases. This system of enzymes acts in three stages to firstly
Metabolism
Family of antioxidant enzymes
thioredoxin-like proteins, or possibly glutathione, whereas the 1-Cys enzymes may be reduced by ascorbic acid or glutathione in the presence of GST-π. Using
Peroxiredoxin
Highly reactive molecules formed from diatomic oxygen (O2)
testis, have a large concentration of antioxidants such as vitamin C (ascorbate) and β-carotene and anti-oxidant enzymes. If too much damage is present
Reactive_oxygen_species
Ultraviolet light-induced biological development over time
antioxidants, including vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, ascorbate, carotenoids, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. These antioxidants provide
Photoaging
Medication to treat high blood pressure and alopecia
by glutathione to reform minoxidil. Such a process would cycle until the minoxidil is otherwise metabolized and would result in rapid glutathione depletion
Minoxidil
Set of biological processes
methylglyoxal, then to pyruvate, or to D-lactaldehyde (via S-D-lactoyl-glutathione or otherwise) then D-lactate. D-lactate metabolism (to glucose) is slow
Fatty_acid_metabolism
American nutritionist
lifespan, eye lens cataract prevalence and progression, levels of ascorbate, glutathione, glucose, and glycohemoglobin, tail collagen breaktime, DNA and
Allen_Taylor_(scientist)
Mood-stabilizing psychiatric medication
lithium citrate (Li 3C 6H 5O 7), lithium sulfate, lithium chloride, lithium ascorbate and lithium orotate. Lithium bromide was used in the late 1800s. Nanoparticles
Lithium_(medication)
Class of enzymes
oxidative stress. The synthesis of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, L-ascorbate oxidase, and Delta 1 DNA polymerase is initiated in plants with the activation
Superoxide_dismutase
Species of edible alga
scavenging enzymes including: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase (to scavenge hydrogen peroxide). After conducting
Mastocarpus_stellatus
Chemical element with atomic number 28 (Ni)
depletion of intracellular ascorbate. The addition of ascorbate to the culture medium increased the intracellular ascorbate level and reversed both the
Nickel
Chemical compound
mutations in the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase or lack of the necessary ascorbate (vitamin C) cofactor. Peptide bonds to proline, and to other N-substituted
Proline
Type of organelle
enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, the components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and the NADP-dehydrogenases of the pentose-phosphate pathway
Peroxisome
Marine flowering plants
Nanoparticles Phytotoxicity in Wheat Seedlings: Implication of the Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle". Frontiers in Plant Science. 8: 1. Bibcode:2017FrPS....8...
Seagrass
dismutase) and hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase). The antioxidant superoxide dismutase catalyses
Reactive oxygen species production in marine microalgae
Reactive_oxygen_species_production_in_marine_microalgae
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