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GLUTATHIONE ASCORBATE-CYCLE

  • Glutathione-ascorbate cycle
  • The ascorbate-glutathione cycle, sometimes Foyer-Halliwell-Asada pathway, is a metabolic pathway that detoxifies hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive

    Glutathione-ascorbate cycle

    Glutathione-ascorbate_cycle

  • Glutathione
  • Ubiquitous antioxidant compound in living organisms

    acetaminophen. In plants, glutathione plays a role in stress response. It is a component of the glutathione-ascorbate cycle, a system that reduces poisonous

    Glutathione

    Glutathione

    Glutathione

  • Ascorbate peroxidase
  • Enzyme

    component of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and are important for peroxide scavenging and redox signaling. In the catalytic cycle, the immediate one-electron

    Ascorbate peroxidase

    Ascorbate peroxidase

    Ascorbate_peroxidase

  • Glutathione disulfide
  • Chemical compound

    state of the NMDA receptor complex. Glutathione-ascorbate cycle Antioxidant Meister A, Anderson ME (1983). "Glutathione". Annual Review of Biochemistry.

    Glutathione disulfide

    Glutathione disulfide

    Glutathione_disulfide

  • Glutathione reductase
  • Enzyme

    reduced glutathione participates in the glutathione-ascorbate cycle in which reduced glutathione reduces dehydroascorbate, a reactive byproduct of the

    Glutathione reductase

    Glutathione reductase

    Glutathione_reductase

  • Antioxidant
  • Compound that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules

    other metabolites and enzyme systems, such as ascorbate in the glutathione-ascorbate cycle, glutathione peroxidases and glutaredoxins, as well as reacting

    Antioxidant

    Antioxidant

  • Monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH)
  • monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) is an enzymatic component of the glutathione-ascorbate cycle that is one of the major antioxidant systems of plant cells for

    Monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH)

    Monodehydroascorbate_reductase_(NADH)

  • GSTO1
  • Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

    dehydroascorbate reductase activity and may function in the glutathione-ascorbate cycle as part of antioxidant metabolism. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89:

    GSTO1

    GSTO1

    GSTO1

  • Glutathione synthetase
  • Enzyme

    vitamin E and vitamin C. In mild cases, ascorbate and N-acetylcysteine have been shown to increase glutathione levels and increase erythrocyte production

    Glutathione synthetase

    Glutathione synthetase

    Glutathione_synthetase

  • Sulfur assimilation
  • Incorporation of sulfur into living organisms

    hydroperoxides. Glutathione functions as reductant in the enzymatic detoxification of reactive oxygen species in the glutathione-ascorbate cycle and as thiol

    Sulfur assimilation

    Sulfur assimilation

    Sulfur_assimilation

  • Pentose phosphate pathway
  • Series of interconnected biochemical reactions

    oxidative stress. It reduces glutathione via glutathione reductase, which converts reactive H2O2 into H2O by glutathione peroxidase. If absent, the H2O2

    Pentose phosphate pathway

    Pentose phosphate pathway

    Pentose_phosphate_pathway

  • Barry Halliwell
  • Biochemistry researcher, academic

    where with Christine Foyer and others in 1976, he discovered the glutathioneascorbate cycle (also known as the Foyer–Halliwell–Asada pathway) by which chloroplasts

    Barry Halliwell

    Barry_Halliwell

  • Metabolism
  • Set of chemical reactions in organisms

    include cytochrome P450 oxidases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and glutathione S-transferases. This system of enzymes acts in three stages to firstly

    Metabolism

    Metabolism

    Metabolism

  • Peroxiredoxin
  • Family of antioxidant enzymes

    thioredoxin-like proteins, or possibly glutathione, whereas the 1-Cys enzymes may be reduced by ascorbic acid or glutathione in the presence of GST-π. Using

    Peroxiredoxin

    Peroxiredoxin

    Peroxiredoxin

  • Reactive oxygen species
  • Highly reactive molecules formed from diatomic oxygen (O2)

    testis, have a large concentration of antioxidants such as vitamin C (ascorbate) and β-carotene and anti-oxidant enzymes. If too much damage is present

    Reactive oxygen species

    Reactive oxygen species

    Reactive_oxygen_species

  • Photoaging
  • Ultraviolet light-induced biological development over time

    antioxidants, including vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, ascorbate, carotenoids, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. These antioxidants provide

    Photoaging

    Photoaging

    Photoaging

  • Minoxidil
  • Medication to treat high blood pressure and alopecia

    by glutathione to reform minoxidil. Such a process would cycle until the minoxidil is otherwise metabolized and would result in rapid glutathione depletion

    Minoxidil

    Minoxidil

    Minoxidil

  • Fatty acid metabolism
  • Set of biological processes

    methylglyoxal, then to pyruvate, or to D-lactaldehyde (via S-D-lactoyl-glutathione or otherwise) then D-lactate. D-lactate metabolism (to glucose) is slow

    Fatty acid metabolism

    Fatty_acid_metabolism

  • Allen Taylor (scientist)
  • American nutritionist

    lifespan, eye lens cataract prevalence and progression, levels of ascorbate, glutathione, glucose, and glycohemoglobin, tail collagen breaktime, DNA and

    Allen Taylor (scientist)

    Allen_Taylor_(scientist)

  • Lithium (medication)
  • Mood-stabilizing psychiatric medication

    lithium citrate (Li 3C 6H 5O 7), lithium sulfate, lithium chloride, lithium ascorbate and lithium orotate. Lithium bromide was used in the late 1800s. Nanoparticles

    Lithium (medication)

    Lithium (medication)

    Lithium_(medication)

  • Superoxide dismutase
  • Class of enzymes

    oxidative stress. The synthesis of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, L-ascorbate oxidase, and Delta 1 DNA polymerase is initiated in plants with the activation

    Superoxide dismutase

    Superoxide dismutase

    Superoxide_dismutase

  • Mastocarpus stellatus
  • Species of edible alga

    scavenging enzymes including: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase (to scavenge hydrogen peroxide). After conducting

    Mastocarpus stellatus

    Mastocarpus stellatus

    Mastocarpus_stellatus

  • Nickel
  • Chemical element with atomic number 28 (Ni)

    depletion of intracellular ascorbate. The addition of ascorbate to the culture medium increased the intracellular ascorbate level and reversed both the

    Nickel

    Nickel

    Nickel

  • Proline
  • Chemical compound

    mutations in the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase or lack of the necessary ascorbate (vitamin C) cofactor. Peptide bonds to proline, and to other N-substituted

    Proline

    Proline

    Proline

  • Peroxisome
  • Type of organelle

    enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, the components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and the NADP-dehydrogenases of the pentose-phosphate pathway

    Peroxisome

    Peroxisome

    Peroxisome

  • Seagrass
  • Marine flowering plants

    Nanoparticles Phytotoxicity in Wheat Seedlings: Implication of the AscorbateGlutathione Cycle". Frontiers in Plant Science. 8: 1. Bibcode:2017FrPS....8...

    Seagrass

    Seagrass

    Seagrass

  • Reactive oxygen species production in marine microalgae
  • dismutase) and hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase). The antioxidant superoxide dismutase catalyses

    Reactive oxygen species production in marine microalgae

    Reactive_oxygen_species_production_in_marine_microalgae

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