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Science of using a material's refractive index for optical effects
Gradient-index (GRIN) optics is the branch of optics covering optical effects produced by a gradient of the refractive index of a material. Such gradual
Gradient-index_optics
Branch of physics that studies light
materials with varying indexes of refraction are called gradient-index (GRIN) materials. Such materials are used to make gradient-index optics. For light rays
Optics
Property in optics
In optics, the refractive index (also called refraction index or index of refraction, which is often shortened to the acronym IOR), often denoted n, is
Refractive_index
Type of glass
commercialised the crown/flint doublet Sandbows and Blacklights, Reflections on Optics by Stephan R. Wilks -- Oxford University Press 2021 Page 88 A Dictionary
Crown_glass_(optics)
Model of optics describing light as geometric rays
ISBN 0-201-52981-5. Chapter 35. E. W. Marchand, Gradient Index Optics, New York, NY, Academic Press, 1978. Hecht, Eugene (1987). Optics (2nd ed.). Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-11609-X
Geometrical_optics
Effect of a material on light
frequency. Sometimes the term chromatic dispersion is used to refer to optics specifically, as opposed to wave propagation in general. A medium having
Dispersion_(optics)
designs including holographic systems, anastigmatic telescopes, gradient index optics, off-axis refractive/diffractive telescopes, the James Webb Space
Optics Software for Layout and Optimization
Optics_Software_for_Layout_and_Optimization
appearance) gradient index lens gradient index optics guided-wave optics Haidinger's brush halo (optical phenomenon) haze (optics) Helium–neon laser history
Index_of_optics_articles
Light-conducting fiber
refractive index gradient. Electronics portal Fiber Bragg grating Fiber management system The Fiber Optic Association Gradient-index optics Leaky mode
Optical_fiber
Transparent non-crystalline solid material
telecommunications technology, and integrated optics. Microlenses and gradient-index optics (where the refractive index is non-uniform) find application in e
Glass
Branch of optics which studies how EM radiation can be manipulated with metamaterials
anti-de Sitter AdS4 spaces. Transformation optics is employed to increase capabilities of gradient index lenses. Optical elements (lenses) perform a
Transformation_optics
Optical fiber whose core has a varying refractive index
A graded-index fiber, or gradient-index fiber, is an optical fiber whose core has a refractive index that decreases continuously with increasing radial
Graded-index_fiber
Topics referred to by the same term
campaigns for equality in education GRIN, an acronym for gradient index; see Gradient-index optics Search for "grin" or "grins" on Wikipedia. All pages
Grin
Glass consisting of pure silica
ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, so is used to make lenses and other optics for these wavelengths. Depending on manufacturing processes, impurities
Fused_quartz
Physical property of allowing light
In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without
Transparency_and_translucency
Research of materials
Electricity Thermal properties, see Thermodynamics Optical properties, see Optics and Photonics Magnetic properties, see Magnetism The properties of a material
Materials_science
Type of optical glass
crystal. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flint glass. Crown glass (optics) Chromatic aberration Cup plate Kurkjian, Charles R.; Prindle, William R
Flint_glass
Glass colored with uranium oxide
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Uranium_glass
Optical lenses that darken on exposure to certain wavelengths of light
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Photochromic_lens
High-strength glass, made of silica and boron trioxide
soda–lime glass. This reduces material stresses caused by temperature gradients, which makes borosilicate a more suitable type of glass for certain applications
Borosilicate_glass
Chemical compound
silicon nitride. This property is useful for gradient-index optics components such as graded-index fibers. Silicon oxynitrides can be doped with metal atoms
Silicon_oxynitride
Type of safety glass processed to increase its strength
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Tempered_glass
Brand of dish and other cookware pieces
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
CorningWare
Glass object created by dripping molten glass into cold water
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Prince_Rupert's_drop
Type of glass
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Soda–lime_glass
Type of metal fluoride glass
gravitational situations remain unknown. Harrington, James A. "Infrared Fiber Optics" (PDF). Rutgers University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-09
ZBLAN
Lowering the temperature of a liquid below its freezing point without it becoming a solid
when the liquidus temperature gradient at the interface (the position x=0) is larger than the imposed temperature gradient: ∂ T L ∂ x | x = 0 > ∂ T ∂ x
Supercooling
authority in gradient index optics research. Fantone's doctoral thesis, titled "Design and Manufacturing Aspects of Gradient Index Optics," made significant
Stephen_D._Fantone
Special glass type used for optical systems
Retrieved 16 January 2024. Moore, Duncan (April 1980). "Gradient-index optics: a review". Applied Optics. Vol. 19, no. 7. doi:10.1007/BF02463739. Archived from
Optical_glass
Variety of glass in which lead replaces the calcium content
has a refractive index of n = 1.5; the addition of lead produces an index of refraction of up to 1.7. This higher refractive index also raises the correlated
Lead_glass
Electron trajectories in electromagnetic fields
formula matches the formula for geometrical optics with a suitable electron-optical index of refraction. This index of refraction functions like the material
Electron_optics
Glass with features that make it less likely to cause injury
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Safety_glass
Red-colored glass made by adding gold to molten glass
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Cranberry_glass
Collection of information about glass
from the original on 2024-04-16. "Material Equivalency List | LaCroix Precision Optics". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-01-16.
Glass_database
Duncan Moore: Former President of Optica, Pioneer in the field of gradient index optics and leader in technical entrepreneurship. Former Director Xicheng
Institute_of_Optics
Fused coating on ceramic objects
drip effects on the exterior surface. For large-scale articles or smooth gradients, spraying with an airbrush or automated spray booth provides a fine, atomised
Ceramic_glaze
Material
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Self-cleaning_glass
Opaque or translucent, milk white or colored glass
and white. Milk glass contains dispersion particles with a refractive index significantly different from the glass matrix which scatters light by the
Milk_glass
Optical coating that reduces reflection
light, so the light sees the surface as having a continuous refractive index gradient between the air and the medium, which decreases reflection by effectively
Anti-reflective_coating
Glass containing one or more of sulfur, selenium and tellurium
glasses (high refractive index, low phonon energy, high nonlinearity) also make them ideal for incorporation into lasers, planar optics, photonic integrated
Chalcogenide_glass
Melting points of chemical mixtures
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Liquidus_and_solidus
Extremely durable glass-ceramic
expansion (CTE), and is used for high-precision applications in telescope optics, microlithography machines and inertial navigation systems. Zerodur is produced
Zerodur
Bioactive glass biomaterial
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Bioglass_45S5
Chemical compound
sodium, such as: “irregular pulse, bradycardia, and hypocalcemia." Merck Index, 12th Edition, Sodium polymetaphosphate, 8814 "C&L Inventory". echa.europa
Sodium_hexametaphosphate
Material consisting of numerous extremely fine fibers of glass
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Glass_fiber
Microscopic spheres
internal resonances, but at the same time small enough, so that geometrical optics cannot be applied for studying their properties. Previous research has demonstrated
Glass_microsphere
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Glass_batch_calculation
Deep blue glass coloured with cobalt
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Cobalt_glass
American physicist and inventor (1868–1955)
American physicist and inventor who made pivotal contributions to the field of optics. He pioneered infrared and ultraviolet photography. Wood's patents and theoretical
Robert_W._Wood
Method for producing solid materials from small molecules
various purposes. Sol–gel derived materials have diverse applications in optics, electronics, energy, space, (bio)sensors, medicine (e.g., controlled drug
Sol–gel_process
Standards used to define surface quality
imperfections can be labeled "cosmetic defects", they are not purely cosmetic. Optics for laser applications are more sensitive to surface quality as any imperfections
Surface imperfections (optics)
Surface_imperfections_(optics)
Type of plastic reinforced by glass fiber
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Fiberglass
Class of glasses based on fluorides rather than oxides
spectroscopy. Aggarwal, Ishwar D.; Lu, Grant (2013-10-22). Fluoride Glass Fiber Optics. Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-4832-5930-7. Rault, G; Adam, J. L; Smektala
Fluoride_glass
Phosphor oxide based glass in which SiO2 is replaced by P2O5 as network former
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Phosphate_glass
Type of metal surface coating
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Industrial_porcelain_enamel
and uses of ULE are: Ultra-low expansion substrates for mirrors and other optics Length standards Lightweight honeycomb mirror mounts Astronomical telescopes
Ultra_low_expansion_glass
Reversible transition in amorphous materials
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Glass_transition
Use of ions to cause chemical changes
nanoparticles are promising materials for optoelectronics and nonlinear optics. Each individual ion produces many point defects in the target crystal on
Ion_implantation
Machine learning technique
Gradient boosting is a machine learning technique based on boosting in a functional space, where the target is pseudo-residuals instead of residuals as
Gradient_boosting
was demonstrated that ion-exchange produces an increase of the refractive index of the layer of the glass involved in the diffusive process. After the development
Chemically_strengthened_glass
Optical filter glass
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Wood's_glass
Germanium-antimony-tellurium material
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
GeSbTe
Class of optical fiber based on the properties of photonic crystals
dates to unpublished work in 1991). Fiber Bragg grating Fiber optics Gradient index optics Leaky mode Optical communication Optical medium Photonic crystal
Photonic-crystal_fiber
Method used to apply surface coatings
material, layering diamond onto high heat-producing electronics (such as optics and transistors) allows the diamond to be used as a heat sink. Diamond films
Chemical_vapor_deposition
Construction element consisting of at least two glass plates
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Insulated_glazing
Process for relieving stress in manufactured glass
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Annealing_(glass)
Physical structure guiding light waves
mode structure (single-mode, multi-mode), refractive index distribution (step or gradient index), and material (glass, polymer, semiconductor). The basic
Waveguide_(optics)
Scientific instruments
Chu S (1986). "Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles". Optics Letters. 11 (5): 288–290. Bibcode:1986OptL.
Optical_tweezers
Translucent polycrystalline solid
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Glass-ceramic
Material used in dentistry as a filling material
begins to ionise, and becoming negatively charged it sets up a diffusion gradient and helps draw cations out of the glass and dentine. The alkalinity also
Glass_ionomer_cement
Type of glass commonly used in semiconductor device fabrication
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Phosphosilicate_glass
Laboratory storage container
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Reagent_bottle
Optical characteristics of the atmosphere
Atmospheric optics is "the study of the optical characteristics of the atmosphere or products of atmospheric processes .... [including] temporal and spatial
Atmospheric_optics
Device that amplifies an optical signal
Optelecom Inc., that helped start Ciena Corp with his former head of Light Optics Research, David Huber and Kevin Kimberlin. Huber and Steve Alexander of
Optical_amplifier
Type of glass produced in medieval Europe
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Forest_glass
Machinable glass-ceramic material
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Macor
Material made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate by firing
(translucent) enamel is painted on top, building up designs in a monochrome gradient, paler as the thickness of the layer of light colour increases. En résille
Vitreous_enamel
Hygroscopic chemical compound of variable Na2O/SiO2 ratio precursor of waterglass
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Sodium_silicate
Small lens, generally with a diameter less than a millimetre
action is obtained by a variation of refractive index across the lens. These are known as gradient-index (GRIN) lenses. Some micro-lenses achieve their
Microlens
Electrode that is pH-sensitive
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Glass_electrode
American physicist
government arenas of science and technology. He is an expert in gradient-index optics, computer-aided design, and the manufacture of optical systems.
Duncan_T._Moore
maintain gradients of fluids, Yang et al. were able maintain refractive index profiles ranging from step-index profiles to depth-varying gradient-index profiles
Optofluidics
Collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface
fluorophores with a laser and measuring the fluorescence with a filter (optics) photomultiplier system. Spot or feature: a small area on an array slide
DNA_microarray
Calculation technique
fluid dynamics simulations. Atmospheric optics ray-tracing codes Atmospheric refraction Gradient-index optics List of ray tracing software Ocean acoustic
Ray_tracing_(physics)
Clear glass with microscopic metal particles sensitive to UV light
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Photosensitive_glass
Textile made from the amorphous solid
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Glass_cloth
Glass material used in lenses
photographic lenses. It is useful to this process due to its high refractive index. Thoriated glass is radioactive due to the inclusion of thorium dioxide
Thoriated_glass
Phase-changing material
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
AgInSbTe
Spherical lens
focal length for a given size ball. Ball lenses are often used in fiber optics. Due to their short focal lengths and the subsequently small waist diameters
Ball_lens
Optimization algorithm
Stochastic gradient descent (often abbreviated SGD) is an iterative method for optimizing an objective function with suitable smoothness properties (e
Stochastic_gradient_descent
Algorithm for finding density based clusters in spatial data
Ordering points to identify the clustering structure (OPTICS) is an algorithm for finding density-based clusters in spatial data. It was presented in 1999
OPTICS_algorithm
Type of glass containing boron and phosphorus
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Borophosphosilicate_glass
Activity to extend the life of historical objects
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Conservation and restoration of glass objects
Conservation_and_restoration_of_glass_objects
Glass having minuscule pores
stability can be influenced by thermal treatment but also density, refractive index, thermal expansion and viscosity. In 1934, Nordberg and Hood[clarification
Porous_glass
Azerbaijani glass manufacturing company
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Inter_Glass
Physical properties of common glasses
96.235502. PMID 16803382. The subscript D indicates that the refractive index n was measured at a wavelength λ of 589.29 nm, F and C indicate 486.13 nm
List of physical properties of glass
List_of_physical_properties_of_glass
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Dealkalization
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Fluorosilicate_glass
unfortunately, the required lenses and prisms with specific ratios of refractive index and dispersion did not exist. Abbe was not able to find answers to his needs
Calculation of glass properties
Calculation_of_glass_properties
Surface reactive glass-ceramic biomaterial
temperature sol–gel technique Viscosity Vitrification Optics Achromat Dispersion Gradient-index optics Hydrogen darkening Optical amplifier Optical fiber
Bioactive_glass
GRADIENT INDEX-OPTICS
GRADIENT INDEX-OPTICS
Surname or Lastname
Swedish
Swedish : unexplained.German : unexplained.English : unexplained.
Girl/Female
Welsh
Legendary daughter of GanKy.
Girl/Female
Latin
Grace.
Boy/Male
British, English
Great
Male
French
French form of Roman Latin Gratian, GRATIEN means "pleasing, agreeable."
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Pushp means Flower and Inder is a God; Better
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Gray-haired; Son of the Gray Family; Son of Gregory
Girl/Female
Indian
Light of Lord Inder
Boy/Male
Sikh
Ruler of all that is wild and untamed., Born of tooth and fang
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Index Finger
Boy/Male
Hindu
Indra devta
Girl/Female
Indian, Sikh
Love with (God) Inder
Girl/Female
Tamil
Radiant
Boy/Male
Bengali, Celebrity, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Sindhi, Traditional
The God of Weather and War; Lord of the Devas; King of Gods
Boy/Male
Hindi
Supreme god.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English
The Country India
Boy/Male
Tamil
Radiant
Boy/Male
Tamil
Pradyun | பà¯à®°à®¤à®¯à¯à®¨
Radiant
Pradyun | பà¯à®°à®¤à®¯à¯à®¨
Boy/Male
Tamil
Pradhyun | பà¯à®°à®¤à¯à®¯à¯à®‚நÂ
Radiant
Pradhyun | பà¯à®°à®¤à¯à®¯à¯à®‚நÂ
Boy/Male
Sikh
Protector of Indra, Variant of Inder
GRADIENT INDEX-OPTICS
GRADIENT INDEX-OPTICS
Boy/Male
Greek
Husband of Alcyone.
Female
English
English pet form of Latin Marlena, MARLA means "rebel of Magdala."Â
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian priest.
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Essence of Love; Favour or Fortune of God's Love
Boy/Male
Tamil
Chandra Sai | சநà¯à®¤à¯à®° ஸாஈÂ
The Moon
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Lion
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Hunn.
Female
English
Modern English name derived from Latin anima, ANIMA means "anger, courage, essence, feeling, mind, passion, spirit," from the PIE root *ane-, meaning "to breathe," the same root from which the words animal and animation came. But in Christian contexts, the word anima was used to translate the Greek word psykhe into "soul" (not "spirit"), and this is the same anima from which the personal name was derived. Compare with another form of Anima.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a variant spelling of Cosby.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Lord Indra
GRADIENT INDEX-OPTICS
GRADIENT INDEX-OPTICS
GRADIENT INDEX-OPTICS
GRADIENT INDEX-OPTICS
GRADIENT INDEX-OPTICS
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Index
n.
Index; indication.
n.
One who makes an index.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or like, an index; having the form of an index.
n.
The second digit, that next pollex, in the manus, or hand; the forefinger; index finger.
pl.
of Index
v. t.
To provide with an index or table of references; to put into an index; as, to index a book, or its contents.
a.
Giving off rays; -- said of a bearing; as, the sun radiant; a crown radiant.
n.
A step or raised shelf, as above a sideboard or altar. Cf. Superaltar, and Gradin.
a.
Beaming with vivacity and happiness; as, a radiant face.
a.
Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination; as, the gradient line of a railroad.
pl.
of Index
a.
Especially, emitting or darting rays of light or heat; issuing in beams or rays; beaming with brightness; emitting a vivid light or splendor; as, the radiant sun.
imp. & p. p.
of Index
n.
Alt. of Gradine
n. pl.
See Index.
n.
The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude, or the curve which represents it; as, a thermometric gradient.
pl.
of Index
a.
Moving by steps; walking; as, gradient automata.
n.
Inclination; ascent or descent; a gradient.