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Extinct North Germanic language
Greenlandic Norse is an extinct North Germanic language that was spoken in the Norse settlements of Greenland until their demise in the late 15th century
Greenlandic_Norse
Abandoned Middle Age Norse settlements
developed their own dialect of Old Norse, now called Greenlandic Norse, not to be confused with the Eskaleut Greenlandic language.[page needed] The Thule
Norse settlements in Greenland
Norse_settlements_in_Greenland
Topics referred to by the same term
Kalaallisut (West Greenlandic) Inuktun (North Greenlandic) Tunumiisut (East Greenlandic) Historically, anything relating to the Norse communities in southwestern
Greenlandic
nevertheless been home to several languages. Greenlandic Norse is believed to have been in language contact with Greenlandic, the language of the indigenous Kalaallit
Languages_of_Greenland
Preserved Norse church ruins in Greenland
Church (Danish: Hvalsø Kirke; Old Norse: Hvalseyjarfjarðarkirkja) was a Catholic church at the abandoned Greenlandic Norse homestead of Hvalseyjarfjord (near
Hvalsey_Church
Nationals of Greenland
(Greenlandic: Kalaallit, Danish: Grønlændere), also called Greenlandics or Greenlandic people, are the people of Greenland. Most speak Greenlandic, an
Greenlanders
Dialect of Old Norse
Old East Norse was a dialect of Old Norse which evolved into the languages of Old Danish and Old Swedish from the 9th century to the 12th century. Such
Old_East_Norse
Ancient Norse prose stories and histories
in medieval Europe was Latin, sagas were composed in the vernacular: Old Norse and its later descendants, primarily Icelandic. While sagas are written
Saga
other symbols. Words of Old Norse origin have entered the English language, primarily from the contact between Old Norse and Old English during colonisation
List of English words of Old Norse origin
List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin
Icelandic explorer
Thorvald Eiriksson (Old Norse: Þórvaldr Eiríksson [ˈθoːrˌwɑldr ˈɛiˌriːksˌson]; Modern Icelandic: Þorvaldur Eiríksson [ˈθɔrˌvaltʏr ˈeiːˌriksˌsɔːn]) was
Thorvald_Eiriksson
Collective name of two Medieval Icelandic literary works
"Edda" (/ˈɛdə/; Old Norse Edda, plural Eddur) is an Old Norse term that has been applied by modern scholars to the collective of two Medieval Icelandic
Edda
Ethnic group indigenous to Greenland
The Greenlandic Inuit or sometimes simply the Greenlandic are an ethnic group native to Greenland, where they constitute the largest ethnic population
Greenlandic_Inuit
System of runes for Old Norse
number of different phonemes in the spoken language, when Proto-Norse evolved into Old Norse. Also, the writing custom avoided carving the same rune consecutively
Younger_Futhark
Systems for transcribing the Old Norse language
The orthography of the Old Norse language was diverse, being written in both Runic and Latin alphabets, with many spelling conventions, variant letterforms
Old_Norse_orthography
Topics referred to by the same term
West Norse, the western dialect of Old Norse, spoken in Norway and areas under Norwegian influence Greenlandic Norse Norn language, an extinct North Germanic
Norse
Group of narratives
Saga Age. They were written in Old Icelandic, a western dialect of Old Norse, primarily on calfskin. They are the best-known specimens of Icelandic literature
Sagas_of_Icelanders
13th-century Icelandic book on Norse mythology
Edda (Icelandic: Snorra Edda) or, historically, simply as Edda, is an Old Norse textbook written in Iceland during the early 13th century. The work is often
Prose_Edda
Range of verse forms written in Old Norse
Old Norse poetry encompasses a range of verse forms written in the Old Norse language, during the period from the 8th century to as late as the far end
Old_Norse_poetry
North Germanic language
Scandinavian dialect of Proto-Germanic that developed into Old Norse Greenlandic Norse History of Danish History of Icelandic Old Gutnish Old Norwegian
Old_Norse
12th-century work on Old Norse phonology
Fyrsta málfræðiritgerðin) is a 12th-century work on the phonology of the Old Norse or Old Icelandic language. It was given this name because it is the first
First_Grammatical_Treatise
Place in Greenland, Kingdom of Denmark
town. Narsarsuaq is located within the Eastern Settlement of the Greenlandic Norse; the Brattahlíð farm of Erik the Red established in 985 was located
Narsarsuaq
Norwegian silver coin
century. In 1978, experts from London considered that it might have been of Norse origin. Kolbjørn Skaare of the University of Oslo determined the coin was
Maine_penny
Middle Ages out of Old East Norse, the common predecessor of Danish and Swedish. It was a late form of common Old Norse. The Danish philologist Johannes
History_of_Danish
Aspect of the language
Old Norse has three categories of verbs (strong, weak, & present-preterite) and two categories of nouns (strong, weak). Conjugation and declension are
Old_Norse_morphology
Scandinavian runic alphabet
bjarkan (ᛒ) for /p/ (as opposed to the complex stung bjarkan ᛔ). Greenlandic Norse developed a distinctive "open version" of reið (ᚱ), where the top
Medieval_runes
13th century Icelandic texts
Greenlanders and the Saga of Erik the Red both contain different accounts of Norse voyages to Vinland. The name Vinland, meaning 'Wineland', is attributed
Vinland_sagas
Languages of the Nordic countries
intelligible and the most separated ones not. Old Norse West Scandinavian Faroese Greenlandic Norse (extinct) Icelandic Norn (extinct) Norwegian Nordnorsk [no]
North_Germanic_languages
Earliest phase of European settlement in the Americas
of 8,552) that could not be attributed to Greenlandic plants or to driftwood, which was widely used in Norse Greenland and Iceland. This included oak,
Norse settlement of North America
Norse_settlement_of_North_America
Names that speakers of Old Norse assigned to foreign places and peoples
The Norse people traveled abroad as Vikings and Varangians. As such, they often named the locations and peoples they visited with Old Norse words unrelated
List_of_Old_Norse_exonyms
Peoples the Norse Greenlanders encountered in North America
Skræling (Old Norse and Icelandic: skrælingi, plural skrælingjar) is the name the Norse Greenlanders used for the peoples they encountered in North America
Skræling
Area in North America
Markland (Old Norse pronunciation: [ˈmɑrkˌlɑnd]) is the name given to one of three lands on North America's Atlantic shore discovered by Leif Eriksson
Markland
Area of coastal Canada explored by Norse Vikings
Vinland, Vineland, or Winland (Old Norse: Vínland hit góða, lit. 'Vinland the Good') was an area of coastal North America explored by Vikings. Leif Erikson
Vinland
Area of Norse Greenland
50–80% of their diet from the sea. In the Greenlandic Inuit oral tradition, there is a legend about why the Norse population of Hvalsey died out and why
Eastern_Settlement
Personal union in Scandinavia
spoken: Middle Icelandic, Old Faroese, Norn, Greenlandic Norse, Middle Low German, Finnish, Sami, Greenlandic, Karelian Government Personal union Monarch
Kalmar_Union
Norse discovery in North America
Helluland (Old Norse pronunciation: [ˈhelːoˌlɑnd]) is one of the three lands, the others being Vinland and Markland, seen by Bjarni Herjólfsson, encountered
Helluland
Political movement
Greenlandic independence (Greenlandic: Namminersulivinneq) is a nationalist political ambition of most political parties (such as Siumut, Inuit Ataqatigiit
Greenlandic_independence
10th century Icelandic explorer and colonist
daughter of Erik the Red (as in her patronym), who figured prominently in the Norse exploration of North America as an early colonist of Vinland, while her
Freydís_Eiríksdóttir
Historical religious tradition
period, the Norse interacted closely with other ethnocultural and linguistic groups, such as the Sámi, Balto-Finns, Anglo-Saxons, Greenlandic Inuit, and
Old_Norse_religion
North Germanic language of the Faroe Islands
descended from Old West Norse spoken in the Middle Ages; the others include Norwegian, Icelandic, and the extinct Norn and Greenlandic Norse. Faroese and Icelandic
Faroese_language
Autonomous territory of Denmark
Danish state. In the 1979 Greenlandic home rule referendum, Denmark granted home rule to Greenland. In the 2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum
Greenland
Mainland portion of Newfoundland and Labrador
sight Labrador around 1000 AD. The area was known as Markland in Greenlandic Norse and its inhabitants were known as the Skrælings. In 1499 and 1500
Labrador
Collection of Old Norse poems
The Poetic Edda is the modern name for an untitled collection of Old Norse anonymous narrative poems in alliterative verse (known as Eddic poems). It
Poetic_Edda
until the 9th century AD, when Norse Icelandic explorers settled on its southwestern coast. The ancestors of the Greenlandic Inuit who live there today appear
History_of_Greenland
Early form of the Gutnish language spoken in Gotland and Fårö
[citation needed] The Old Norse diphthong au (e.g. auga "eye") remained in Old Gutnish and Old West Norse, while in Old East Norse – except for peripheral
Old_Gutnish
Surname list
Canadian novelist Thorvald Erikson or Thorvald Eiriksson (died 1004), Greenlandic Norse explorer, son of Erik the Red, brother to Leif Erikson Tom Erikson
Erikson
Ancestral homeland of the Innu, Canada
eastern Inuit Nunangat) and Vinland (probably Newfoundland), the Greenlandic Norse called the Labrador region of Innu Country Markland. Nitassinan and
Nitassinan
Norwegian archaeologist (1918–1997)
1960. They were thus the first to prove conclusively that the Icelandic/Greenlandic Norsemen such as Leif Erickson had found a way across the Atlantic Ocean
Anne_Stine_Ingstad
Icelandic explorer (c. 980 - c. after 1020)
exact location of Thorfinn's colony is unknown, though it may have been the Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland. Excavations of Thorfinn's
Thorfinn_Karlsefni
Icelandic explorer who saw North America in 986
in Iceland to Herjólfr, son of Bárdi Herjólfsson (Old Norse: Bárði), and Thorgerdr (Old Norse: Þorgerðr). In adulthood, Bjarni became a merchant captain
Bjarni_Herjólfsson
One of the heroic poems of the Poetic Edda
strengthening the case for an origin in Greenlandic culture. Greenlandic Norse Suzuki, Seiichi. 2014. The Meters of Old Norse Eddic Poetry: Common Germanic Inheritance
Atlamál
Runestone in Greenland
providing both a date and the name of the carver. 1824 in archaeology Greenlandic Norse List of runestones Cipher runes Enterline, James Robert (2002). Erikson
Kingittorsuaq_Runestone
Italian monk and chronicler (1283–1344)
Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum Book of Icelanders Skræling Greenlandic Norse Researchers Adam of Bremen Galvano Fiamma William W. Fitzhugh Anne
Galvano_Fiamma
Peninsula in eastern Canada
(ᓄᓇᑐᑲᕗᑦ) in southern Labrador. The area became known as Markland in Greenlandic Norse and its inhabitants were known as the Skræling. It is widely accepted
Labrador_Peninsula
Culinary traditions of Greenland
Greenlandic cuisine is traditionally based on meat from marine mammals, birds, and fish, and normally contains high levels of protein. Since colonization
Greenlandic_cuisine
11th-century German historian and chronicler
medieval period". In his chronicle, he included a chapter mentioning the Norse outpost of Vinland, and was thus the first European to write about the New
Adam_of_Bremen
Archaeological site in Nunavut, Canada
It is possible that during the Pre-Columbian era the site was known to Norse explorers from Greenland and Iceland. It may be in the region of Helluland
Tanfield_Valley
Farms in Greenland by Norsemen
The Western Settlement (Old Norse: Vestribygð [ˈwestreˌbyɣð]) was a group of farms and communities established by Norsemen from Iceland around 985 in
Western_Settlement
Stages of Swedish language
until about 1526. Old Swedish developed from Old East Norse, the eastern dialect of Old Norse. The earliest forms of the Swedish and Danish languages
Old_Swedish
Faked Viking runestone in Minnesota, US
Early Old Swedish (14th century) still retained the four cases of Old Norse, but Late Old Swedish (15th century) reduced its case structure to two cases
Kensington_Runestone
Paleo-Eskimo culture (500 BCE–1500 CE)
found no evidence of genetic mixing between Dorset people and the Greenlandic Norse people. A scientific study published in Nature in 2019 showed that
Dorset_culture
Phantom island
Great Ireland (Old Norse: Írland hit mikla or Írland it mikla), also known as White Men's Land (Hvítramannaland) or Land of the White People, and in Latin
Great_Ireland
Icelandic † Middle Icelandic † Modern Icelandic Greenlandic Norse † East Scandinavian Old East Norse † Old Danish † Middle Danish † Modern Danish Bornholmsk
List_of_Germanic_languages
Historical site in the south of Iceland, at the river Hvítá
Skálholt (Modern Icelandic: [ˈskaulˌhɔl̥t]; Old Norse: Skálaholt [ˈskɑːlɑˌholt]) is a historical site in the south of Iceland, at the river Hvítá. Skálholt
Skálholt
Norwegian explorer (1899–2001)
– 29 March 2001) was a Norwegian explorer. In 1960, after mapping some Norse settlements, Ingstad and his wife archaeologist Anne Stine Ingstad found
Helge_Ingstad
Icelandic saga
Grœnlendinga saga (Old Norse pronunciation: [ˈgrøːnˌlendingɑ ˈsɑɣɑ]; Modern Icelandic: Grænlendinga saga, Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkrainˌlɛntinka ˈsaːɣa]
Saga_of_the_Greenlanders
Ancestor of the Indo-European languages
Oprindelse ('Investigation of the Origin of the Old Norse or Icelandic Language'), where he argued that Old Norse was related to the Germanic languages, and even
Proto-Indo-European_language
Group of islands between Iceland and Greenland
to the Landnámabók, Snæbjörn Galti led the earliest recorded intentional Norse voyage to Greenland and started a failed settlement on the eastern coast
Gunnbjörn's_skerries
Former Kingdom in Europe
The term Norwegian Realm (Old Norse: *Noregsveldi, Bokmål: Norgesveldet, Nynorsk: Noregsveldi or Noregsveldet) and Old Kingdom of Norway refer to the
Kingdom_of_Norway_(872–1397)
Medieval Icelandic manuscript
written and illustrated vellum leaves. It contains mostly sagas of the Norse kings as found in the Heimskringla, specifically the sagas about Olaf Tryggvason
Flateyjarbók
the area in the 13th century, displacing the Indigenous European Greenlandic Norse. In the United States, the combined populations of Native Americans
Indigenous_peoples
14th century Icelandic manuscript
"Hauk's Annals," which chronicled events of his lifetime and a handbook on Norse law. The known contents of Hauksbók are: (1r-14v): Landnámabók (15r-18v):
Hauksbók
Uninhabited island near Greenland
known as the Ruin Island phase of Thule Culture. Items traded by the Greenlandic Norse travelled as far as Ruin Island. The earliest known inhabitants of
Ruin_Island
1610–1907 English/British colony in North America
1949. Indigenous people like the Beothuk (known as the Skræling in Greenlandic Norse), and Innu were the first inhabitants of Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland_Colony
Norse explorer (c. 950 – c. 1003)
950 – c. 1003), known as Erik the Red (Norwegian: Eirik Raude), was a Norse explorer, described in medieval and Icelandic saga sources as having founded
Erik_the_Red
Historical work by Ari Þorgilsson
Íslendingabók (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈistlɛntiŋkaˌpouːk], Old Norse pronunciation: [ˈiːslɛndɪŋɡaˌboːk], lit. 'Book of Icelanders'; Latin: Libellus
Íslendingabók
Norwegian catholic priest
the Greenlandic Western Settlement. It is also one of only a handful of primary source documents covering interactions between the Precolumbian Norse explorers
Ívar_Bárðarson
Bay on the western coast of Greenland
the warmer summer months, thereby destroying the livelihood of the Greenlandic Norse. Even the Eastern settlement, which was below the Arctic Circle, became
Disko_Bay
China. The only official language of Greenland is Greenlandic. The number of speakers of Greenlandic is estimated at 50,000 (85–90% of the total population)
Demographics_of_Greenland
Precursors of the Inuit and Yupik peoples
evidence of genetic admixture was found between the Thule people and the Greenlandic Norse people, despite several centuries during which the two populations
Thule_people
Fjord in Vinland in the Sagas of Icelanders
Straumfjörður (Icelandic), or Straumfjǫrðr (Old Norse), sometimes anglicised to Straumsfjordr, Straumfjordr, Straumsfjord or Straumfjord, is according
Straumfjörð
Foreign explorer in the Norse discovery of America
Tyrker (or Tyrkir) is a character mentioned in the Norse Saga of the Greenlanders. He accompanied Leif on his voyage of discovery around the year 1000
Tyrker
Settlement in Greenland
importance as the homestead of Erik the Red and its unique testimony to Greenlandic farming. Brattahlíð is located by Tunulliarfik Fjord (Skovfjorden in
Qassiarsuk
Danish historian, translator and antiquarian (1795–1864)
translation of Old Norse literature and related Northern European ancient history. He was also noted for his early advocacy of the recognition of Norse colonization
Carl_Christian_Rafn
Sovereign state
taxation. Greenland, later populated by the Indigenous Greenlandic Inuit, was settled by Norse (Norwegians and Icelanders) in the 10th century, among
Danish_Realm
Language name Language family Extinction date Notes References Greenlandic Norse North Germanic late 15th or early 16th century
List of extinct languages of North America
List_of_extinct_languages_of_North_America
Norse explorer (c. 970–c. 1020)
Erikson, also known as Leif the Lucky (c. 970s – c. 1018 to 1025), was a Norse explorer who is thought to have been the first European to set foot on continental
Leif_Erikson
Place in Greenland, Kingdom of Denmark
Ivittuut (formerly, Ivigtût; Greenlandic for "Grassy Place") is an abandoned mining town near Cape Desolation in southwestern Greenland, in the modern
Ivittuut
Inscription made in a runic alphabet
runestone. By the 10th century, only Younger Futhark remained in use. Greenlandic Norse developed several distinct forms, in particular a version of reið
Runic_inscriptions
Archaeological site in Greenland
fjord"; Greenlandic Qaqortukulooq) is located at the back of Qaqortoq, Greenland and is the site of Greenland's largest, best-preserved Norse ruins in
Hvalsey
Archaeological site in Greenland
Brattahlíð (Old Norse pronunciation: [ˈbrɑttɑˌhliːð]), often anglicised as Brattahlid, was Erik the Red's estate in the Eastern Settlement Viking colony
Brattahlíð
diskótekanna "on the parquet of the discothèques". Icelandic phonology Greenlandic Norse Old Norse Old Norwegian Vowel shift Anderson, Carl Edlund. "The Danish
History_of_Icelandic
District in the Norse Greenlanders' Eastern Settlement
Vatnahverfi (West Greenlandic: Tasikuluulik) was a district in the Norse Greenlanders’ Eastern Settlement (Eystribyggð) and is generally regarded by archaeologists
Vatnahverfi
UNESCO World Heritage Site
in Greenland". The Greenlandic Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Church. Retrieved 30 July 2021. Kujataa Greenland: Norse and Inuit Farming
Kujataa
Abandoned village in Nunavut, Canada
cutting edges of metal obtained either from natural deposits or from Greenlandic Norse. Thule culture declined after about 1600 AD from a combination of
Brooman_Point_Village
Proposed autonomous area in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
under the Constitution Act, 1982. The area was known as Markland in Greenlandic Norse and its inhabitants were known as the Skræling though there is considerable
NunatuKavut
Capital and largest city of Greenland
Nuuk (Greenlandic pronunciation: [nuːk] ; formerly Danish: Godthåb) is the capital and most populous city of Greenland, an autonomous territory of Denmark
Nuuk
10th-century Norse explorer
Ulfsson (fl. c. 10th century), also called Gunnbjörn Ulf-Krakuson, was a Norse explorer, originally from Norway and later a settler of Iceland. He is credited
Gunnbjörn_Ulfsson
Gorani or Hawrami Indo-European Gothic Indo-European Greenlandic or Kalaallisut Eskaleut Greenlandic Norse Indo-European Greek Indo-European Greek, Aeolic
Index_of_language_articles
The island was inhabited by the Beothuks (known as the Skræling in Greenlandic Norse) and later by the Mi'kmaq. From the mid-to-late 15th Century, European
History of Newfoundland and Labrador
History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador
Indo-European Eastern Spain After the Alhambra Decree late 15th century Greenlandic Norse Indo-European Greenland late 15th century Selonian Indo-European Latvia;
List of languages by time of extinction
List_of_languages_by_time_of_extinction
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GREENLANDIC NORSE
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