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Period of architecture in North Africa
Hafsid architecture developed under the patronage of the Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya (roughly present-day Tunisia) during the 13th to 16th centuries. Evolving
Hafsid_architecture
1229–1574 Sunni Berber dynasty in North Africa
The Hafsid dynasty (Arabic: الحفصيون, romanized: al-Ḥafṣiyūn) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berber descent that ruled Ifriqiya (modern day Tunisia, western
Hafsid_dynasty
the region and the main center of architectural patronage. Unlike the architecture further west, Hafsid architecture was built primarily in stone (rather
Architecture_of_Tunisia
Mosque in Kairouan, Tunisia
façade in Islamic architecture. The mosque was modified in later periods, notably with the addition of a minaret in 1440, during the Hafsid period. The mosque's
Mosque_of_the_Three_Doors
Type of interior garden or house
well-suited to the architecture of the bourgeois mansions and royal palaces built in the city. Although little remains of the Hafsid-era palaces in Tunisia
Riad_(architecture)
Abdellia Palace (Arabic: قصر العبدلية) is a palace located in La Marsa, a town in the northern suburbs of the capital of Tunisia, Tunis. It is built in
Abdellia_Palace
Mosque in Tunis, Tunisia
and was unparalleled in other Hafsid architecture. The design of the minaret is directly inherited from Almohad architecture further west. In particular
Kasbah_Mosque,_Tunis
Mosque in Tunis, Tunisia
mosque in Tunis, Tunisia. It was first built in the 13th century under the Hafsids and later renovated in the 18th century under the Husainids. It is an official
Al-Hawa_Mosque
Architectural style associated with the western Islamic world
the region and the main center of architectural patronage. Unlike the architecture further west, Hafsid architecture was built primarily in stone (rather
Moorish_architecture
Mosque in Monastir, Tunisia
vault. It is decorated with Kufic inscriptions and floral moldings. In the Hafsid era, expansion work continued with the construction of a square-based minaret
Great_Mosque_of_Monastir
Zawiya in Tunis, Tunisia
into a family of Andalusian migrants who stayed in Fez before settling in Hafsid Ifriqiya. Nicknamed jellizi in reference to the craft of zellij manufacturing
Sidi Kacem El Jellizi Mausoleum
Sidi_Kacem_El_Jellizi_Mausoleum
Mosque in Tunis, Tunisia
Tunis, Tunisia Coordinates 36°47′31″N 10°10′14″E / 36.791953888889°N 10.170541111111°E / 36.791953888889; 10.170541111111 Architecture Type Mosque
Al_Haliq_Mosque
Building style of 13th–16th century in the Middle East
decorated with geometric patterns and inlay. Residential architecture in Historic Cairo Hafsid architecture Williams 2018. Raymond 1993. Blair & Bloom 1995, pp
Mamluk_architecture
Building in Tunis, Tunisia
in English, as it was one of the first gates built under the rule of the Hafsid dynasty. It is also called the "Gate of the Blacksmiths", due to the nearby
Bab_Jedid_(Tunis)
Zirid architecture (1048–1148, Middle Maghreb) Almoravid architecture (1040–1147, Far Maghreb) Almohad architecture (1121–1269, Far Maghreb) Hafsids 1229–1574
List_of_architectural_styles
Construction in stone of alternating colours
Tunisian architecture during its Ottoman period (16th to 19th centuries). Abdelaziz Daoulatli states that this habit began earlier in the Hafsid period
Ablaq
Architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam
Islamic architecture comprises the architectural styles of buildings associated with Islamic civilization. It encompasses both secular and religious styles
Islamic_architecture
Kingdom in North Africa (1235–1554)
between the realm of the Marinids to the west, centred on Fez, and the Hafsids to the east, centred on Tunis. Tlemcen was a hub for the north–south trade
Kingdom_of_Tlemcen
the Hafsid period and quickly proliferated. After the advent of Ottoman rule in the 16th century some elements and traditions of Ottoman architecture, such
Architecture_of_Africa
Semi-autonomous state affiliated with the Ottoman Empire
Pasha Hayreddin Barbarossa, Aruj's younger brother, captured Tunis from the Hafsid dynasty. Less than a year later, in 1535, the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles
Ottoman_Tunisia
Capital and largest city of Tunisia
later, took the title of Emir and founded the Hafsid dynasty. The city became the capital of a Hafsid kingdom stretching towards Tripoli and Fez. Walls
Tunis
Historical mosque in Tunis, Tunisia
of Uqba in Kairouan. Significant restoration work was carried out by the Hafsid rulers, under al-Mustansir in 1250 and under Abu Yahya Zakariya in the early
Al-Zaytuna_Mosque
Period of architecture in North Africa
pilgrims returning from Mecca. Both mosques were given minarets during the Hafsid period. Little remains or is known about the Aghlabid royal residence at
Aghlabid_architecture
Old city of Tunis, Tunisia
Ifriqiya, and under the Hafsid period it developed into a religious, intellectual and economic center. It was during the Hafsid period that the Medina
Medina_of_Tunis
Period of architecture in North Africa
emergence of three major dynasties starting from the 13th century: the Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya, the Zayyanid dynasty in central Maghreb, and the Marinid
Zayyanid_architecture
1229–1249 military campaigns
throughout the reign of the first Hafsid emir, Abu Zakariya Yahya, mainly taking place in the Maghreb region. Even before the Hafsids declared independence, Abu
Campaigns of Abu Zakariya Yahya
Campaigns_of_Abu_Zakariya_Yahya
Hafsid Caliph from 1229 to 1249 CE
Muhamad Äbd Al-Wahid; 1203 – 5 October 1249) was the second ruler of the Hafsid Sultanate in Ifriqiya. He was the grandson of Abu Hafs Ümar Ibn Yahya Al-Hintati
Abu_Zakariya_Yahya
Ethnic group indigenous to North Africa
Almohads. Their Berber successors—the Marinids, the Zayyanids, and the Hafsids—continued to rule until the 16th century. From the 16th century onward
Berbers
1423 battle
vassal on the throne in Fez before being defeated the following year by the Hafsid sultan of Tunis. Abu Malik Abd al Wahid, the son of Abu Hammu Musa II, had
Zayyanid_capture_of_Fez
Madrasa in Tunis, Tunisia
in 1705 by Ahmed Lagha with the sober architecture of the Hafsid dynasty. The building has a typical architecture: a courtyard with two porticos that gives
Madrasa_El_Mettichia
Place in Tunis Governorate, Tunisia
remembrance and history is one of the few monuments Hafsid Tunisia. It is the oldest evidence of Muslim architecture Palatine remained in good state of conservation
La_Marsa
the city from their Hafsid rivals. The Zayanid sultans carried out a policy of expansion towards the Hafsids in the east. Hafsid dissident sultans occupied
Siege_of_Béjaïa_(1326–1329)
Port city in Tunisia
not as prosperous in architecture, markets, and trade as it was in ancient times. Abou Yahya Abou Bekr finally re-established Hafsid unity and recaptured
Sfax
which the Ziyyanid army, under the command of Yahya Ibn Moussa and the Hafsid pretender Mohamed Ibn Abu Amran, took possession of Tunis as part of the
Capture_of_Tunis_(1329)
Madrasas of Tunis were built under the reign of the Hafsid dynasty in the medina of Tunis. They were founded to teach Almohad doctrine, but beginning on
Madrasas_of_Tunis
Mosaic tile decoration
Zayyanid patronage are extremely similar. In Ifriqiya (Tunisia), under the Hafsid dynasty, zellij tiling largely fell out of style during this same period
Zellij
Ruler of the Tlemcen Kingdom (r. 1318–1337)
Zayyanids defeated the Hafsids. They then occupied the Hafsid capital, Tunis. Abu Tashufin then faced an alliance between Marinids and Hafsids which had been
Abu_Tashfin_Abd_al-Rahman_I
Public fountain in Islamic architecture
sabils can also be found in other countries, such as Sudan, Turkey and Iran. Hafsid-era fountain or sabil near Bab Sidi Abdessalem, Tunis Fountain of Qayt Bay
Sabil_(fountain)
List of tombs in Malta
invasion Byzantine invasion Kingdom of Sicily Norman invasion Battle of Malta Hafsid invasion Hospitaller rule Invasion of Gozo Great Siege Slave revolt plot
Tombs_of_Malta
1327 battle
Temzezdekt [fr], not far from the city of Béjaïa in Algeria, between the Hafsid general Abu Abdallah Ibn Seid en-Nas against the army of the Zayanids commanded
Battle_of_Temzezdekt
1248–1266 Abu al-Ula (Abu Dabbus) Idris II 'al-Wathiq' 1266–1269 The Hafsids claimed their descent from Rashidun caliph Omar. After the fall of Baghdad
List_of_caliphs
Tunisian religious building and site of Islamic worship
1025 during the Zirid period, 1248 and 1293–1294 under the reign of the Hafsids, 1618 at the time of Muradid beys, and in the late nineteenth and early
Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan
Continent
century, the Almohads disintegrated into the Marinids, Zayyanids, and Hafsids in modern-day Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia respectively. In the face of
Africa
al-Maghrib and al-Andalus. Almohad rule was succeeded by the Tunis-based Hafsids. The Hafsids were a local Berber dynasty and would retain control with varying
History_of_medieval_Tunisia
City in Constantine Province, Algeria
under Almohad and Hafsid rule it was again a prosperous market, with links to Pisa, Genoa and Venice. After taking it from the Hafsids in 1529 it was intermittently
Constantine,_Algeria
Architectural element
art and architecture; particularly in the Moorish architecture of al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula) and North Africa and in Mughal architecture of the Indian
Multifoil_arch
ruling dynasty. Hafsids were Ifriqiya governors of Almohads until 1229, when they declared independence. After the split of the Hafsids from the Almohads
History_of_North_Africa
Landmark in Libya
Almohad Caliphate (1158-1229), the Hafsid Emirate of Ifriqiya (1234–1321), the Beni Ammar (1321–1401) and again the Hafsid Emirate (1401–1510, with another
Red_Castle_of_Tripoli
1121–1269 Berber empire in North Africa and Iberia
Fierro, Maribel (2023-06-07). "The Almohads (524 668/1130 1269) and the Ḥafṣids (627 932/1229 1526)". In Fierro, Maribel (ed.). The New Cambridge History
Almohad_Caliphate
region, namely the Fatimids, Zirids, Almohads and Hafsids. At the end of the Hafsid Dynasty, the Hafsid ruler Abu Abdullah al-Makeni took over the city
Kasbah_of_Sfax
Ancient city in Tunisia
when it was taken from the Hafsids by the Crusaders with its inhabitants massacred during the Eighth Crusade. The Hafsids decided to destroy its defenses
Carthage
1510–1872, Kabyle Berber state in North Africa
the Spanish Empire seized Bejaïa, which was in the hands of dissident Hafsid emirs, and organized raids in the hinterland from this position. The Berbers
Kingdom_of_Beni_Abbas
Structure in Iranian and Islamic architecture
adopted for mosque architecture, but it most likely influenced the axial designs of local madrasas that began under Marinid and Hafsid rule. In early Ottoman
Iwan
City of ancient Rome
until the Hafsid period, when it was captured by Crusaders during the Eighth Crusade (1270). After the withdrawal of the Crusaders, the Hafsids decided
Roman_Carthage
School or college, often providing an Islamic education
Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Hafsid". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911
Madrasa
Monument in Tunisia
The palace was founded by the Rassa family (coming from Tlemcen since the Hafsid dynasty). Later, during the 18th century, the Naccache family bought it
Dar_Bach_Hamba
(near Tlemcen), and a part of the walls of Tlemcen. Further east, the Hafsids carried out important works on the walls of Tunis, their capital, once
Fortifications_of_the_Maghreb
Berber Muslim dynasty, 1244–1465
their territories in Al-Andalus to Christian kingdoms like Castile, the Hafsids of Ifriqiya broke away in 1229, followed by the independence of the Zayyanid
Marinid_dynasty
Historic caravanserai in Tunis, Tunisia
restaurant and local craft gallery. The fondouk's origins may date to the Hafsid period. It formerly served the perfume trade as storage and accommodation
Fondouk_El_Attarine
Capital city of Biskra Province, Algeria
Malsoun." In the 14th century, the Hafsid arrived in Tunisia and Algeria. Biskra became an important hub for the Hafsid of Tunisia where it remained under
Biskra
Former empire (c. 1299–1922)
Turkey. The architecture of the empire developed from earlier Seljuk Turkish architecture, with influences from Byzantine and Iranian architecture and other
Ottoman_Empire
of King Abu Hammu II, for whom he wrote poetic panegyrics. In 1364, the Hafsid emir Abu al-Abbas Ahmad II seized control of Béjaïa. Ibn Khaldun was captured
Yahya_ibn_Khaldun
Madrasa in Tunis, Tunisia
Street in Souk En Nhas. The madrasa got its name from its founder, the Hafsid Sultan Abû `Abd Allâh Muhammad al-Mutansir. The construction works started
Madrasa_El_Mountaciriya
Wedge-shaped element used in building an arch or vault
originally developed in Roman architecture to strengthen the structure, before being utilized in Islamic architecture. The wedged pieces have a curved
Voussoir
Madrasa in Tunis, Tunisia
madrasa is not used and in danger. It has the hafsid style of the 14th century and a typical architecture of the madrasa: a hall surrounded with four halls
Madrasa_El_Unqiya
Madrasa in Tunis, Tunisia
ash-Shamma'iya) is a historic madrasa of the Medina of Tunis. Founded by the Hafsids in the 13th century, it was the first madrasa to be built in the Maghreb
Shamma'iya_Madrasa
Former beylical Palace in La Marsa, Tunisia
The name literally means "House of the Crown". Located not far from the Hafsid palace complex of Abdalliya, the Dar al-Taj palace was founded during the
Dar_al-Taj_Palace
Building in Houmt El Souk, Tunisia
deportation of the soldiers of Alfonso V of Aragon on the orders of the hafsid sultan of Tunisia. In 1450, the castle was extended. On 28 July 1881, during
Borj_El_Kebir
Mermadjenna in the land of the Hawwars. It was fought between the troops of the Hafsid caliph, Abu Yahya Abu Bakr, and the army of the Zayanid sultan, Abu Tashfîn
Battle_of_al-Riyyas
Caliph of the Hafsid Sultanate from 1284 to 1295
عمر) (also known as Al-Mustansir II) was the Hafsid caliph of Ifriqiya (1284–1295). After restoring Hafsid rule interrupted by the usurper Ibn Abi Umara
Abu_Hafs_Umar_bin_Yahya
Berber dynasty in north Africa
Islamic Art and Architecture 650-1250: 2nd Edition By Richard Ettinghausen, Oleg Grabar, Professor Emeritus of Islamic Art and Architecture Oleg Grabar,
Hammadid_dynasty
oldest minarets List of tallest minarets Holiest sites in Islam Islamic architecture List of mosques in India Congregational mosque List of largest mosques
List_of_the_oldest_mosques
City in Mahdia Governorate, Tunisia
in the 12th century during the Almohad era, which it remained during the Hafsid Dynasty. Later the city was subject to many raids. In 1390 it was the target
Mahdia
Berber ethnic group
dynasties (Numidia, Fatimids in the Kutama periods, Zirids, Hammadids, and Hafsids of Bejaïa) or Algerian modern nationalism, and the war of independence
Kabyle_people
and Sultan Husayn Bayqara in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, and architecture. The empire received widespread support from multiple Islamic scholars
History_of_Islam
Islamic religious school or monastery
first zawiya buildings in Ifriqiya (present-day Tunisia) were built under Hafsid rule in the 14th century. The zawiyas of Kairouan are believed to be the
Zawiya_(institution)
Zawiya in Sfax, Tunisia
of the sanctuary is decorated with an Ottoman style, and capitals with Hafsid style. It has a dome made of pottery tubes that help to reduce the total
Sidi_Lakhmi_mausoleum
Ancient fortification in Sfax, Tunisia
addition, the nature of its columns suggests that it was built before the Hafsid dynasty succeeded to power. Its main role was the surveillance of the north
Borj_Masouda
Records of Earth's people
gave rise to the Marinids in Morocco, the Zayyanids in Algeria, and the Hafsids in Tunisia. Steppe nomads from Central Asia, such as the Karluks and Kipchaks
Human_history
independent from the Ottoman Empire. After the Conquest of Tunis (1574), the Hafsid dynasty was permanently overthrown and the province was integrated into
1591_uprising_in_Tunis
Ideology of the Almohads
the Hafsids, to disavow his leadership and declare the eastern part of the empire in Ifriqiya (Tunisia) to be independent, thus founding the Hafsid state
Almohad_doctrine
Jedid Mosque Saheb Ettabaâ Mosque El Omrane Mosque Hajjamine Mosque Architecture portal Islam portal Africa portal List of mosques in Tunisia "Ksar Mosque
List_of_mosques_in_Tunis
Hammu attacked the Hafsids in Béjaïa again in 1366, but this resulted in Hafsid intervention in the kingdom's affairs. The Hafsid sultan released Abu
History_of_Algeria
City in the Western Region of Malta
at the mercy of the sea and the saracens. The city withstood a siege by Hafsid invaders in 1429. While the exact number of casualties or Maltese who were
Mdina
Istanbul, Damascus and Orient as well as Marseille and Genoa. And as the Hafsids have lost a large part of Andalusia, many of the region's families traveled
Medina_of_Sfax
Palace in Tunis, Tunisia
where it is located. The owners of this palace came to Tunis under the Hafsid dynasty's reign. They lived in this house during the 19th and the early
Dar_Bou_Hachem
fondouk El Haddadine was built in the 9th century, under the rule of the Hafsid dynasty. It witnessed a first restoration during the 18th century. For centuries
Fondouk_El_Haddadine
Capital and most populous city of Libya
dynasties). For some time it was a part of the Berber Almohad Caliphate, Hafsid Kingdom, and Banu Thabit dynasty. In 1510, the city was conquered by Pedro
Tripoli,_Libya
Sanhaja Berber dynasty
Almoravid dynasty, Almohad Caliphate, Zayyanid dynasty, Marinid Sultanate and Hafsid dynasty. Under Buluggin ibn Ziri the Zirids extended their control westwards
Zirid_dynasty
Country in North Africa
the mid-13th century, the Almohad state fragmented, giving rise to the Hafsids in Ifriqiya, the Zayyanids in Tlemcen, and the Marinids in Fez. Following
Algeria
Mosque in Béjaia, Algeria
269. ISBN 978-2-252-01545-2. Al-Zarkashi. The History of the Almohad and Hafsid States (in Arabic). p. 12. Media related to Ibn Toumert Mosque at Wikimedia
Mellala_Mosque
National museum in Tunisia
Levant. The Bardo National Museum building was originally a 15th-century Hafsid palace, located in the suburbs of Tunis. The Bardo is one of the most important
Bardo_National_Museum_(Tunis)
Architectural element
profile of lobes and points. It is especially characteristic of Moorish architecture in North Africa and present-day Spain. The muqarnas arch, whose intrados
Lambrequin_arch
Mourad; Zouari, Ali (2010). Ifriqiya: Thirteen Centuries of Art and Architecture in Tunisia. Islamic Art in the Mediterranean (2nd ed.). Museum With No
Banu_Khurasan
Hafsids (who claimed to be the heirs of the unitarian Almohads). The Hafsid dynasty (1230–1574) succeeded Almohad rule in Ifriqiya, with the Hafsids claiming
History_of_Tunisia
King of France from 1226 to 1270
Louis's patronage of the arts inspired much innovation in Gothic art and architecture. The style of his court was influential throughout Europe, both because
Louis_IX_of_France
Calendar year
and wife of Lorenzo de’ Medici (b. 1453) September – Abu 'Amr 'Uthman, Hafsid caliph of Ifriqiya (b. 1419) September – Lasse Huittinen, Finnish thief
1488
Country in North Africa
Tunisian Hafsid Kingdom independent from the Almohads. In the 14th century, the Banu Thabit dynasty ruled Tripolitania before reverting to direct Hafsid control
Libya
King of Sicily from 1266 to 1285
he took part in the Eighth Crusade organised by Louis IX and forced the Hafsid Caliph Muhammad I to pay a yearly tribute to him. Charles's victories secured
Charles_I_of_Anjou
Religious wars of the High Middle Ages
Aigues-Mortes on 2 July 1270. Louis chose to attack Tunis, capital of the new Hafsid Caliphate in North Africa. Some historians, including Peter Lock, attribute
Crusades
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