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Zoroastrian sacred plant and drink
Haoma (/ˈhoʊmə/; Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀) is a divine plant in Zoroastrianism and in later Persian culture and mythology. Haoma has its origins in Indo-Iranian
Haoma
botanical identity of soma or haoma. Soma is a plant described in Hindu sacred texts including the Rigveda, while haoma is a plant described in the Avesta
Botanical identity of soma–haoma
Botanical_identity_of_soma–haoma
Vedic ritual drink
mentions it, particularly in the Soma Mandala. It is equivalent to the Iranian haoma, and associated with immortality (amrita) and the conquering of territory
Soma_(drink)
Motif in art and culture
offshoots of pomegranate, gaz (Tamarix gallica), or haoma that Zoroastrians use in their rituals; and haoma, a plant, unknown today, that was the source of
Tree_of_life
American ethnobiologist and author (1898–1986)
botanical identity of soma–haoma, Wasson suggested that "soma" described in the Rigveda was the fly agaric mushroom, and "haoma" in the Avesta was a hallucinogen
R._Gordon_Wasson
Plant species in the family
Some scholars have associated it with the sacred plant called soma or haoma in ancient Indo-Iranian texts and it has been described under various names
Peganum_harmala
Religion of the Indo-Iranian peoples
Avestan asha), the sacred plant and drink *sawHma- (Sanskrit Soma, Avestan Haoma) and gods of social order such as *mitra- (Sanskrit Mitra, Avestan and Old
Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion
Species of mushroom
is established scholarly consensus that the botanical identity of soma/haoma is Ephedra (particularly Ephedra gerardiana, Ephedra intermedia, or Ephedra
Amanita_muscaria
Medicinal preparation from the plant Ephedra sinica
the drink is called haoma and has similar uses. Just like in Hinduism, the drink was related to immortality and long life. Haoma was the first thing newborns
Ephedra_(medicine)
Iranian religion founded by Zoroaster
to the invisible realm and involving the consumption of fortified wine, Haoma, mang, and other ritual aids. According to former South Asian studies professor
Zoroastrianism
possible active constituent of cryogenine (unknown mechanism of action) Soma (haoma), an ancient drink made from a plant of unknown identity with possible hallucinogenic
List_of_hallucinogens
Species of moth
Coleophora haoma is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found on the Canary Islands (Fuerteventura) and in Iran and Spain. Wikimedia Commons has
Coleophora_haoma
Zoroastrian divinity
Gaokarena (the "White Haoma"). This Younger Avestan allusion to immortality is properly developed in Bundahishn 27.2, where White Haoma is considered to be
Ameretat
Mythical food of the Greek gods
Immortality in Chinese mythology Pill of Immortality Silphium Soma and Haoma, a ritual drink of importance among the early Vedic peoples and Indo-Iranians
Ambrosia
Zoroastrian religious hymn
Stom, another text which is named after and dedicated to the praise of Haoma. With only two verses, it is the second shortest hymn in the collection
Hom_Yasht
Zoroastrian divinity of Victory
"war-god" for their pantheons, receiving in return rich offerings of Soma/Haoma. They share the same supporting "war-god" role in assisting the victorious
Verethragna
Part of Zoroastrian worship
called the parahaoma rite, reflecting the technical name of the liquid, the haoma, being prepared and consecrated during the ritual. In the 9th-12th century
Ab-Zohr
2010 video game
the Haoma. The Sorceress is freed from the Haoma's possession and revealed to be Nasreen, who unwittingly brought the Haoma into Izdahar. The Haoma launches
Prince of Persia: The Forgotten Sands (Wii)
Prince_of_Persia:_The_Forgotten_Sands_(Wii)
Psychoactive substance found in plants in the family Apocynaceae
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Ibogaine
Avestan name of the Zoroastrian divinity of "Obedience" or "Observance"
"lord of ritual" (57.2, 57.5, 57.7, 57.9, 57.11 etc.) and he propitiates haoma with sacrifice (57.19). In Yasht 11, mankind lives under Soroush's constant
Sraosha
performed 1,128 times a year. Haoma: a divine plant in Zoroastrianism and in later Persian culture and mythology. Haoma has its origins in Indo-Iranian
Persian_mythology
Mythological homeland of the early Iranians
a sacrifice in the Airyanem Vaejah, by the good river Daitya; with the Haoma and meat, with the Baresman, with the wisdom of the tongue, with the holy
Airyanem_Vaejah
Species of grain
University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-3-95562-798-0. Ruck C (2019). "Persia, Haoma and the Greek Mysteries" (PDF). Sexus Journal. 4 (11): 991–1034. " Multilingual
Rye
American psychedelic church
York, New York, 10003; Phone: (212) 473-9271; To contact us send email to: haoma@dorsai.org [...] Description of detox methods: alcohol, opiates, cocaine
Temple of the True Inner Light
Temple_of_the_True_Inner_Light
Achaemenid tomb at Naqsh-e Rostam, Iran
Drangiana, Arachosia, Sattagydia, Gandhara [Gadâra], India [Hiduš], the haoma-drinking Scythians, the Scythians with pointed caps, Babylonia, Assyria
Tomb_of_Darius_the_Great
Mythical Zoroastrian plant
In Persian and Zoroastrian legends, the mighty Gaokerena was a mythic Haoma plant that had healing properties and gave immortality to the resurrected
Gaokerena
Zoroastrian religious hymn
as Hom Stod or Hom Yasht, is an Avestan text dedicated to the praise of Haoma. It consists of verses 9-11.11 of the Yasna and must not be confused with
Hom_Stom
Species of plant
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Hyoscyamus_niger
Zoroastrian doctrine of a final renovation of the universe
final act of worship (yasna), and the preparation of parahaoma from "white haoma". The righteous will partake of the parahaoma, which will confer immortality
Frashokereti
goddess associated with medical skill Alardy, god who heals skin diseases Haoma, god of health Eshmun, god of healing Angitia, snake goddess associated
List_of_health_deities
Avestan language name of Zoroastrianism's demoness of "lasciviousness."
menstrual cycle. In the hymn to Haoma, the devotee rejects the temptations of the "polluting whore" who "sits down devouring Haoma's sacrificial offering". In
Jahi
Method of encoding Chinese characters
(simplified Chinese: 四角号码检字法; traditional Chinese: 四角號碼檢字法; pinyin: sì jiǎo hàomǎ jiǎnzì fǎ; lit. 'four corner code lookup-character method') is a character-input
Four-corner_method
Spice from tree seed
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Nutmeg
Topics referred to by the same term
Pakistani journalist Huma Safdar, Pakistani teacher and theatre artist Haoma, the Avestan language name of a plant and its divinity Homa (disambiguation)
Huma
Psychoactive component of cannabis
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Anticholinergic medication used as antidote for nerve agent poisoning
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Atropine
Last pre-Islamic Iranian empire (224–651 AD)
appears to have been done by joining the Gathic Staota Yesnya with the haoma ceremony. Furthermore, it is believed that another longer service developed
Sasanian_Empire
Deadly nightshade, a flowering plant
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Atropa_bella-donna
Edible substance described in the Bible
Bread of Life Discourse Gum arabic Golden calf The Manna Machine Soma and haoma, sacraments of the Rigveda and Zoroastrian canons, respectively Exodus 16:14
Manna
Deity of darkness in Greek and Latin texts
ritual required an otherwise-unknown plant that Plutarch calls "omomi" (Haoma or Soma), which was to be pounded in a mortar and mixed with the blood of
Arimanius
Genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Brugmansia
Ancient necropolis in Fars province, Iran
Drangiana, Arachosia, Sattagydia, Gandara [Gadâra], India [Hiduš], the haoma-drinking Scythians, the Scythians with pointed caps, Babylonia, Assyria
Naqsh-e_Rostam
Abandoned anticholinergic
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Benapryzine
Species of plant
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Salvia_divinorum
Zoroastrian divinity of covenant, light, and oath
Bareza;" (Mihr Yasht 49-50). He is worshipped on the Hara Berezaiti by Haoma, "We sacrifice unto Mithra, the lord of wide pastures, .... sleepless, and
Mithra
Person authorized to lead the sacred rituals of a religion
the accompaniment of ritual chants. The Mobad also prepare drinks for the haoma ritual. In Indian Zoroastrianism, the priesthood is reserved for men and
Priest
Species of fungus
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Lanmaoa_asiatica
First-generation antihistamine used as a short-term sedative and hypnotic (sleep aid)
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Doxylamine
Highest deity of Zoroastrianism
ritual required an otherwise-unknown plant that Plutarch calls "omomi" (Haoma or Soma), which was to be pounded in a mortar and mixed with the blood of
Ahura_Mazda
Genus of poisonous, potentially psychoactive plants
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Datura
Bronze age site in Turkmenistan
(which may be connected to the Hindu drink soma and the Zoroastrian drink haoma). The name 'Togolok' is also applied to another much older site in Turkmenistan
Togolok
Chemical compound
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Adrenochrome
Species of plant
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Banisteriopsis_caapi
Collection of Zoroastrian hymns
for the sacrifice being made. The sacrifice itself, either an animal or a Haoma libation, is performed by a priest and takes place in the open, on mountain
Yashts
Medication for overactive bladder
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Oxybutynin
Deadly toxicity in elixers of immortality
parallels in other cultures and languages, for example, Indo-Iranian soma or haoma, Sanskrit amrita, and Greek ambrosia. In Chinese history, the alchemical
Chinese alchemical elixir poisoning
Chinese_alchemical_elixir_poisoning
Purported inhalant drug
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Jenkem
Zoroastrian concept of holy fire
milk in his hand, with the mortar for crushing the branches of the sacred Haoma in his hand, is given happiness" (Yasna 62.1; Nyashes 5.7) The Zoroastrian
Atar
Antihistamine medication
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Diphenhydramine
Mythical king and hero of Turan
Kay Khosrow his wish to slay him.[who?] This is achieved with the help of Haoma, who overcomes and delivers him to Khosrow. He is slain near the Čīčhast
Afrasiab
Drug that produces a dream-like state of consciousness
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Oneirogen
Zoroastrian service and liturgical collection
of Yasna 17. Yasna 9–11 is the Hom Stom, a collection of praises to the Haoma plant and its divinity. Yasna 12 constitutes the Fravarane, the Zoroastrian
Yasna
Early history of the Iranian peoples
hostile weapons. Some of these magic rituals, like using an amulet from a Haoma stalk or stroking one's body with a bird's feather, were also used by the
Avestan_period
Species of fungus
List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals Botanical identity of soma-haoma Psilocybin decriminalization in the United States Earle, Franklin Summer
Psilocybe_cubensis
Species of flowering plant
Ossetic: Хуымæллæг) and derives from proto-Iranian hauma-arayka, an Aryan haoma. From Sarmatian dialects this word spread across Eurasia, thus creating
Humulus_lupulus
Ancestor of the Germanic languages
Edition. Schwartz, Martin (1989). "Avestan Terms for the Sauma Plant". Haoma and Harmaline: The Botanical Identity of the Indo-Iranian Sacred Hallucinogen
Proto-Germanic_language
Beliefs of the Scythian cultures
of Miϑra, the performing of ecstatic cults involving the consumption of haoma, and fire worship were reflected in the syncretised Bosporan cult of the
Scythian_religion
Psychoactive substance that induces spiritual experiences
However, there are also arguments about the botanical identity of soma–haoma suggesting it could have also been Syrian rue, cannabis, Atropa belladonna
Entheogen
Ginza Sushi Ichi Japanese Bangkok — — — — Goat Thai Bangkok — — — — — — — Haoma Indian Bangkok — — — — — Igniv Contemporary Bangkok — — — — Inddee Indian
List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Thailand
List_of_Michelin-starred_restaurants_in_Thailand
Tropane alkaloid & anticholinergic drug
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Scopolamine
Species of flowering plant in the nightshade family
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Datura_stramonium
Chemical compound
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Elemicin
Chemical compound
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Glaucine
Historical group of Indo-European peoples
Avestan asha), the sacred plant and drink *sawHma- (Sanskrit Soma, Avestan Haoma) and gods of social order such as *mitra- (Sanskrit Mitra, Avestan and Old
Indo-Iranians
Iranian mythological bird
messenger between the two. The simurgh roosted in Gaokerena, the Hōm (Avestan: Haoma) Tree of Life, which stands in the middle of the world sea (Vourukasha)
Simurgh
Antispasmodic agent
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Dicycloverine
Villain in the Book of Esther
dictionaries typically list it as meaning "magnificent"); with the sacred drink Haoma; or with the Persian name Vohuman, meaning "good thoughts". The 19th-century
Haman
Zoroastrian religious text
of confused and alien religions. He drinks a mixture of wine, mang, and Haoma, after which his soul travels to the next world. Here he is greeted by a
Book_of_Arda_Viraf
Group of stereoisomers
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Procyclidine
Use of drugs with the primary intention to alter the state of consciousness
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Recreational_drug_use
Tropane alkaloid
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Hyoscyamine
Aspect of ancient Iranian society
Ṛta), the chanting of manthras (ved. mantra) or the ritual consumption of haoma (ved. soma). Moreover, even elements not found in the Vedic religion may
Religion in the Achaemenid Empire
Religion_in_the_Achaemenid_Empire
Most important liturgy of Zoroastrianism
central ritual act is the so-called parahoama, i.e., the pressing of the Haoma plant, and they contain a sequence of individual litanies. Core elements
Yasna_(liturgy)
Species of plant
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Calea_ternifolia
Genus of gymnosperms in the family Ephedraceae
According to Zoroastrian belief, the species Ephedra procera is identified as haoma, and the plant and its extract are considered divine. The Ephedra alkaloids
Ephedra_(plant)
Mythological motif
alights. At the center of the Vourukasha also grows the Gaokerena or "White Haoma", considered to be the "king of healing plants". It is surrounded by ten
Cosmic_ocean
Mythical sea monster
another large fish in Arabian mythology Falak Gaokerena the mythical white haoma tree being guarded by analogue mythical creatures Makara or Kar Mahi, analogues
Bahamut
Topics referred to by the same term
language, an extinct Bantu language of South Sudan Another spelling for Haoma in Zoroastrianism Homeostatic model assessment, a medical formula for quantifying
Homa
Iranian goddess
also appear as epithets of other divinities or divine concepts such as Haoma and the Fravashis. Both adjectives are also attested in Vedic Sanskrit.[page needed]
Anahita
Species of plant
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Tabernanthe_iboga
Religious belief about the end of the world
final act of worship (yasna), and the preparation of parahaoma from "white haoma". The righteous will partake of the parahaoma, which will confer immortality
Apocalypticism
1500–500 BC Indo-Aryan religious practices of northwest India
India. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 150. ISBN 8126902868. "Haoma i. Botany". Encyclopædia Iranica. Renou, Louis (1985) [1947]. L'Inde Classique
Historical_Vedic_religion
preparations rather than solids. In the 4th millennium BCE, Soma (drink) and Haoma are named, but is not clear what ingredients were used to prepare them.[citation
List of drugs by year of discovery
List_of_drugs_by_year_of_discovery
Chemical compound
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Gaboxadol
Pharmaceutical drug
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Mefloquine
Zoroastrian religious hymn
rituals prominently feature protective magic, like using an amulet from a Haoma stalk or stroking one's body with a bird's feather. These rituals can also
Bahram_Yasht
Benzhydryl compound
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Tolterodine
Zoroastrian religious text
is split into four distinct prayers dedicated to Anagran, Apam Napat, Haoma and Dahma Afriti. This division, therefore, results in 33 distinct prayers:
Sih-rozag
Naturally occurring sedative and hallucinogen
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Muscimol
Type of psychoactive fungus
Nutmeg (e.g., myristicin, elemicin) Sinicuichi (e.g., cryogenine) Soma (haoma) Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g.
Hallucinogenic bolete mushroom
Hallucinogenic_bolete_mushroom
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