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Former research reactor at Brookhaven National Laboratory, US
The High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR) was a research reactor located at Brookhaven National Laboratory, a United States Department of Energy national laboratory
High_Flux_Beam_Reactor
Total distance traveled by neutrons within a volume over a time period
The neutron flux is a scalar quantity used in nuclear physics and nuclear reactor physics. It is the total distance travelled by all free neutrons per
Neutron_flux
Research nuclear reactor in Australia
lightwater reactor (OPAL) is a 20 megawatt (MW) swimming pool nuclear research reactor. Officially opened in April 2007, it replaced the High Flux Australian
Open-pool Australian lightwater reactor
Open-pool_Australian_lightwater_reactor
Nuclear research reactor in Oak Ridge, Tennessee
The High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) is a nuclear research reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States. Operating
High_Flux_Isotope_Reactor
Research reactor in Daejeon, South Korea
The High-Flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor (HANARO; Korean: 하나로) is a 30 MW multi-purpose research reactor located at Daejeon, Republic of Korea
High-Flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor
High-Flux_Advanced_Neutron_Application_Reactor
Australia's first nuclear reactor
The High Flux Australian Reactor (HIFAR) was Australia's first nuclear research reactor. It was built at the Australian Atomic Energy Commission (AAEC)
High_Flux_Australian_Reactor
American model, actress (born 1954)
anti-nuclear activities and campaigned against the restarting of the High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR) located at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Brinkley supports
Christie_Brinkley
American laboratory in Upton, New York
States after World War II. The High Flux Beam Reactor operated from 1965 to 1999. In 1959 Brookhaven built the first US reactor specifically tailored to medical
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Brookhaven_National_Laboratory
Research reactor in Petten, Netherlands
The Petten High Flux Reactor (HFR) is a nuclear research reactor located in Petten, Netherlands. The HFR is on the premises of the Petten research centre
Petten_nuclear_reactor
Atomic nuclear process
predicted and commonly observed in solar flares. At small neutron flux, as in a nuclear reactor, a single neutron is captured by a nucleus. For example, when
Neutron_capture
Device that emits neutrons
world's strongest neutron sources tend to be spallation based as high flux fission reactors have an upper bound of neutrons produced. As of 2022, the most
Neutron_source
Nuclear device not intended for power or weapons
class reactor DIDO class, six high-flux reactors worldwide TRIGA, a highly successful class with >50 installations worldwide SLOWPOKE reactor class,
Research_reactor
Substance that slows down particles with no electric charge
moderator (roughly 75% of the world's reactors). Solid graphite (20% of reactors) and heavy water (5% of reactors) are the main alternatives. Beryllium
Neutron_moderator
Kinetic energy of an unbound neutron
These high-energy neutrons are extremely efficient at ionization and far more likely to cause cell death than X-rays or protons. Most fission reactors are
Neutron_temperature
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire United States HFBR – High Flux Beam Reactor, Brookhaven (1965–1996) IPNS – Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne
Neutron_research_facility
Physical phenomenon
were installed in beam tubes at multi-purpose research reactors. In the 1960s, high-flux reactors were built that were optimized for beam-tube experiments
Neutron_scattering
Method used for determining the concentrations of elements in many materials
suitable reactor at a constant, known neutron flux. A typical reactor used for activation uses uranium fission, providing a high neutron flux and the highest
Neutron_activation_analysis
Research reactor at Brookhaven National Laboratory, US
were performed by the reactor and accompanying scientists and engineers. The BGRR was the predecessor for the High Flux Beam Reactor also located at BNL
Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor
Brookhaven_Graphite_Research_Reactor
Accelerator-based neutron source in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, US
source facility in the U.S. that provides the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world for scientific research and industrial development. Each year
Spallation_Neutron_Source
Device for controlled nuclear reactions
as well as very small reactors. In practice, running a reactor at such high power densities would likely produce neutron flux comparable to levels expected
Nuclear_reactor
German nuclear research reactor
The regular schedule comprises 4 reactor cycles per year, with 60 days per cycle. Highly enriched uranium in a high-density uranium silicide-aluminium
FRM_II
Ionizing radiation that presents as free neutrons
of large amounts of neutron flux, e.g., nuclear reactors. Boron-impregnated silica glass, standard borosilicate glass, high-boron steel, paraffin, and
Neutron_radiation
Electricity generation by nuclear fusion
gamma radiation or ion beams, such as in an IEC fusor, avoiding the confined high-temperature plasmas used in most other reactor types. Muon-catalyzed
Fusion_power
Matter ejection from a target due to projectile impact
of producing neutron beams than by a chain reaction of nuclear fission in a nuclear reactor, it has the advantage that the beam can be pulsed with relative
Spallation
Research nuclear reactor
which offers a higher neutron flux. There are plans to convert the reactor to use low-enriched uranium instead of high-enriched uranium to mitigate the
MIT_Nuclear_Research_Reactor
Material analysis technique
PMID 22215814. Perkins, SJ (January 1, 1988). "Structural studies of proteins by high-flux X-ray and neutron solution scattering". Biochemical Journal. 254 (2):
Small-angle neutron scattering
Small-angle_neutron_scattering
Internationally financed scientific facility
proteins. [citation needed] The institute houses a high-flux research reactor, the French High Flux Reactor (RHF), designed primarily for neutron scattering
Institut_Laue–Langevin
Research facility in Oxfordshire, England
Didcot in Oxfordshire, England. It has been operating since 1984. It uses beams of neutrons and muons to allow the study of materials at the atomic and
ISIS_Neutron_and_Muon_Source
Nuclear research reactor in Washington State University
WSU TRIGA reactor has an external epithermal neutron beam facility. This beam is a well-collimated, high-flux, medium energy dry neutron beam. It can also
Washington State University Reactor
Washington_State_University_Reactor
Induction of radioactivity by neutron radiation
soil chemical elements. In any location with high neutron fluxes, such as within the cores of nuclear reactors, neutron activation contributes to material
Neutron_activation
Physics research institute in Russia
The site has a neutron fast-pulse reactor (1,500MW pulse) with nineteen associated instruments receiving neutron beams. The Joint Institute for Nuclear
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Joint_Institute_for_Nuclear_Research
radioactive upon exposure to the beam, and insensitivity to the chemical state of constituent atoms. Moreover, the relatively lower flux and higher background of
Neutron_reflectometry
Early nuclear reactor that provided essential research for future reactors
and for prototype power reactors under development. By 1970, MTR had performed over 15,000 irradiation experiments. The high flux of MTR was ideal for generating
Materials_Testing_Reactor
Measure of neutron interaction likelihood
is low at high neutron energies but becomes higher at low energies. Such physical constraints explain why most operational nuclear reactors use a neutron
Neutron_cross_section
Materials testing nuclear reactor housed at Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
designed to have a high neutron flux, largely to reduce the time required for testing of materials intended for use in nuclear power reactors. This also allowed
DIDO_(nuclear_reactor)
Type of nuclear reactor design
accelerator-driven subcritical reactor (ADSR) is a nuclear reactor design formed by coupling a substantially subcritical nuclear reactor core with a high-energy proton
Accelerator-driven subcritical reactor
Accelerator-driven_subcritical_reactor
backscattering spectrometers at reactors include IN10, IN13, and IN16B at the Institut Laue-Langevin, the High Flux Backscattering Spectrometer (HFBS)
Neutron_backscattering
Subatomic particle with no charge
R-process S-process Thermal-neutron reactor Neutron generator Neutron source Neutron bomb Neutron diffraction Neutron flux Neutron imaging Neutron transport
Neutron
Research Reactor (GBRR), the first reactor which operated at Brookhaven National Laboratory High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR), the third and last reactor which
Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor
Brookhaven_Medical_Research_Reactor
Interferometer using neutron diffraction to make precise measurements
into two beams. At the second slice, they are diffracted again, with two beams continuing on to the third slice. At the third slice, the beams recombine
Neutron_interferometer
fission-based nuclear research reactors in the world, sorted by country, with operational status. Some "research" reactors were built for the purpose of
List of nuclear research reactors
List_of_nuclear_research_reactors
Family of nuclear research reactors
provide neutron fluxes higher than available from a small particle accelerator or other radioactive sources. The SLOWPOKE-2 reactors (most numerous of
SLOWPOKE_reactor
International nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject
ITER (originally an acronym for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, and also meaning "the way" or "the path" in Latin) is an international
ITER
Study of motions and interactions of neutrons
commonly used to determine the behavior of nuclear reactor cores and experimental or industrial neutron beams. Neutron transport has roots in the Boltzmann
Neutron_transport
Nuclear reactor in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
first university-based research reactor in the Commonwealth of Nations, and has been the highest-flux research reactor in Canada since the closing of the
McMaster_Nuclear_Reactor
Decommissioned nuclear reactor at the University of Michigan
the fuel at no cost to the University. The reactor had a peak thermal flux of 3×1013 n/cm2s. It had 10 beam ports. It was constructed by Babcock & Wilcox
Ford_Nuclear_Reactor
Highly-polished material in particle physics
supermirror is a highly polished, layered material used to reflect neutron beams. Supermirrors are a special case of multi-layer neutron reflectors with
Neutron_supermirror
The increasing availability of neutron imaging instruments at research reactors and spallation sources via peer-reviewed user access programs has seen
Neutron_tomography
Experimental tokamak
relevant to future fusion reactors. The first wall comprises approximately 240 modules divided between high-heat-flux and normal-heat-flux components. The primary
Burning Plasma Experimental Superconducting Tokamak
Burning_Plasma_Experimental_Superconducting_Tokamak
for the detection system. Reactor instrumentation: Since reactor power is essentially linearly proportional to the neutron flux, neutron detectors provide
Neutron_detection
Retired research nuclear reactor in Canada
isotopes. Other research reactors in the world produce isotopes for medical and industrial uses, for example the European High Flux Reactor at Petten in the Netherlands
National Research Universal reactor
National_Research_Universal_reactor
Neutron scattering technique
for quasi-elastic high resolution spectroscopy) to the spectral part of the scattering function S(Q, ω). The effect on the measured beam polarization is
Neutron_spin_echo
Magnetic confinement device used to produce thermonuclear fusion power
than the wall materials. When reactors moved to the D-shaped plasmas, it was quickly noted that the escaping particle flux of the plasma could be shaped
Tokamak
Building on the Oregon State University campus in Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.
United States. It houses a nuclear reactor, Gammacell 200 irradiator, several radiation laboratories, and multiple high-bay thermal hydraulics laboratories
Oregon State University Radiation Center
Oregon_State_University_Radiation_Center
Multi-disciplinary research facility in Lund, Sweden
Super-Beam (ESSnuSB) is a proposed accelerator-based long-baseline neutrino experiment in Sweden. If this facility was built, high intensity neutrino beam would
European_Spallation_Source
plants. Five beam ports are adjacent to the core of the reactor. This reactor is well suited for experiments requiring a large neutron flux because peaking
North Carolina State University reactor program
North_Carolina_State_University_reactor_program
a reactor relative to other fusion approaches. An inductive drive can be 2-3 orders of magnitude more efficient than heating via RF or neutral beam. This
Dynomak
Technique to investigate atomic structures using neutron scattering
reactors and spallation sources emerged. This allowed high-intensity neutron beams, enabling advanced scattering experiments. Notably, the High Flux Isotope
Neutron_diffraction
1986 nuclear accident in the Soviet Union
On 26 April 1986, reactor 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, located near Pripyat in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union, exploded. The accident
Chernobyl_disaster
Tomography technique based on high-energy muon particles
February 2024). "High-Flux GeV Muon Beam from Electron-Beam Dump for Advanced Imaging and Diagnostics". Physical Review Accelerators and Beams. 27 (2) 024701
Muon_tomography
Laser pumped with the energy of fission fragments
enclosed in a tube lined with uranium-235 and subjected to high neutron flux in a nuclear reactor core. The fission fragments of the uranium create excited
Nuclear_pumped_laser
American historian of science
2" – Physics in Perspective 7, Dec. 2005. "Anxious History: The High Flux Beam Reactor and Brookhaven National Laboratory" – Historical Studies in the
Robert_P._Crease
American nuclear fusion company
November 1998). Spin Polarization of proton and B11 Beams for the Colliding Beam Fusion Reactor. 40th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics
TAE_Technologies
Method used to heat plasma inside a fusion device
Neutral-beam injection (NBI) is one method used to heat plasma inside a fusion device consisting in a beam of high-energy neutral particles that can enter
Neutral-beam_injection
Free neutrons stored in very small traps
the reactor, curved so all but UCN would be absorbed by the walls of the tube before reaching the detector. Neutrons transported from the reactor though
Ultracold_neutrons
version, the incoming neutron beam is collineated and monochomatized by a neutron chopper, which cuts the incoming beam into short pulses of known velocity
Neutron time-of-flight scattering
Neutron_time-of-flight_scattering
Uncontrolled nuclear fission chain reaction
power) should only occur inside a safely shielded location, such as a reactor core or a suitable test environment. A criticality accident occurs if the
Criticality_accident
can be described as follows. The sample is continuously irradiated with a beam of neutrons. The constituent elements of the sample absorb some of these
Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis
Prompt_gamma_neutron_activation_analysis
IN3 – a thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer for tests. IN8 – a high-flux thermal-neutron triple-axis spectrometer. IN12 – a cold neutron triple-axis
Neutron triple-axis spectrometry
Neutron_triple-axis_spectrometry
Laboratory in Lowell, Massachusetts
made and the reactor is in operation with LEU. Neutron irradiation facilities at the UMLRR include: 1x 8-inch beam port, 2x 6-inch beam ports, in-core
University of Massachusetts Lowell Radiation Laboratory
University_of_Massachusetts_Lowell_Radiation_Laboratory
Federal research center in Tennessee, US
research facility that includes the Spallation Neutron Source, the High Flux Isotope Reactor, and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences. Oak Ridge National
Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory
Japanese-American physicist
Gen moved permanently to Brookhaven in 1963, as the Brookhaven High Flux Beam Reactor construction was being completed, and he contributed to the development
Gen_Shirane
Measure of structures from around 20 to 2000 nm in size
HANARO Europe: BER II, FRM II, ILL, ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, JINR, SINQ, RID Historic: IPNS, High Flux Beam Reactor Under construction: ESS v t e
Spin echo small angle neutron scattering
Spin_echo_small_angle_neutron_scattering
sources or reactors that provides users with neutron beams for a variety of experiments. Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) High flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR)
National_User_Facility
Using helium atoms to image solid surfaces
imaging also requires a high flux of neutrons, which usually can only be provided by a nuclear reactor or particle accelerator. A beam of helium atoms with
Scanning_helium_microscopy
Retired research nuclear reactor
1940s, the NRX reactor had the highest neutron flux in the world: 10–20 times that of a graphite reactor of comparable power, due to its small physical
NRX
Nuclear research reactor in India
KAMINI (Kalpakkam Mini reactor) is a research reactor at the Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR) in Kalpakkam, India. It achieved criticality
KAMINI
Nuclear research facility in Mumbai, India
Driven Systems (IADS), Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) and Compact High Temperature Reactor. Molten Salt Reactor is also under development. India's Department
Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre
American administrator (1941–2011)
highly publicized scandal in which tritium leaked from the lab's High Flux Beam Reactor, leading to calls by activists to shut down the lab. Rather than
John_Marburger
(2014). "Flux Measurement of a New Beam-down Solar Concentrating System in Miyazaki for Demonstration of Thermochemical Water Splitting Reactors". Energy
Ceria based thermochemical cycles
Ceria_based_thermochemical_cycles
Light or sound absorption in a substance
The attenuation coefficient describes the extent to which the radiant flux of a beam is reduced as it passes through a specific material. It is used in the
Attenuation_coefficient
Semiconductor deposition technique
the system, controls the material beam flux. Pressure controlled systems are used most commonly. The material flux is controlled by the input pressure
Chemical_beam_epitaxy
Field of radiation
small-angle neutron scattering beamline at the High Flux Isotope Reactor of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The neutron beam was diffracted by an array of 6,250,000
Airy_beam
Research apparatus for particle physics
electromagnetic fields to propel ions to very high speeds and energies to contain them in well-defined beams. Small accelerators are used for fundamental
Particle_accelerator
Method of depositing thin films onto a substrate
of excitation, or by using a mixture of low- and high-frequency signals in a dual-frequency reactor. Excitation power of tens to hundreds of watts is
Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Plasma-enhanced_chemical_vapor_deposition
Materials testing facility
producing fusion reactor can be fully qualified. IFMIF will be an accelerator-driven neutron source producing a high intensity fast neutron flux with a spectrum
International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility
International_Fusion_Materials_Irradiation_Facility
Concept in particle physics
reactions of type x, units: [1/time⋅volume] Φ {\displaystyle \Phi } : beam flux, units: [1/area⋅time] σ x {\displaystyle \sigma _{x}} : microscopic cross
Nuclear_cross_section
Effects of ionizing radiation
shield of the reactor is frequently composed of Portland cement, where dense aggregates are added in order to decrease the radiation flux through the shield
Radiation_damage
German nuclear reactor test facility
support beams placed two meters apart. A small two-part porch concealed the entrance. A three-meter-deep cylindrical pit was excavated for the reactor in the
Haigerloch_atomic_pile
A cooling system used in broadcasting and nuclear reactors
The hypervapotron is a high heat flux cooling system for vacuum tubes that is used in broadcasting and in certain nuclear reactors. A hypervapotron is a
Hypervapotron
Planned fusion facility
DEMO-class reactors are intended to build upon the ITER experimental nuclear fusion reactor. The most well-known and documented DEMO-class reactor design
DEMOnstration_Power_Plant
Type of particle accelerator
test reactors. In France, Frédéric Joliot-Curie constructed a large 7 MeV cyclotron at the Collège de France in Paris, achieving the first beam in March
Cyclotron
Nonsurgical treatment for locally invasive malignant tumors
II) research reactor at VTT Technical Research Centre, Espoo, Finland; the RA-6 CNEA reactor in Bariloche, Argentina; the High Flux Reactor (HFR) at Petten
Neutron capture therapy of cancer
Neutron_capture_therapy_of_cancer
Proposed uses of generating power from nuclear fission and fusion
fusion and fission processes. The basic idea is to use high-energy fast neutrons from a fusion reactor to trigger fission in non-fissile fuels like 238U or
Nuclear_fusion–fission_hybrid
Elementary particle with extremely low mass
collaborations install large neutrino detectors near nuclear reactors or in neutrino beams from particle accelerators to better constrain the neutrino
Neutrino
Exposure of objects or people to radiation
refer to the phenomenon of exposure of the structure of a nuclear reactor to neutron flux, making the material radioactive and causing irradiation embrittlement
Irradiation
American manufacturing company
photolithography, ion beam etch and deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), wet wafer processing, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), atomic
Veeco
pass while absorbing all other neutrons, to produce a monochromatic neutron beam. It has the appearance of a many-bladed turbine. The blades are coated with
Neutron-velocity_selector
Nuclear reactor vessel lining
flux higher than in any current nuclear power reactor, which leads to two key problems in selecting the material: It must withstand this neutron flux
Plasma-facing_material
Modern stellarator for plasma fusion experiments
The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) reactor is an experimental stellarator built in Greifswald, Germany, by the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP),
Wendelstein_7-X
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