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DNA profile of a horse
The horse genome was first sequenced in 2006. The Horse Genome Project mapped 2.7 billion DNA base pairs, and released the full map in 2009. The horse genome
Horse_genome
Subspecies of mammal
Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii or Equus przewalskii), also called the takhi, Mongolian wild horse or Dzungarian horse, is a rare and endangered
Przewalski's_horse
Animal
The horse genome was sequenced in 2007. It contains 2.7 billion DNA base pairs, which is larger than the dog genome, but smaller than the human genome or
Horse
Horse coat color pattern
sequence polymorphism in the KIT gene and the roan coat color in horses". Mammalian Genome. 10 (3): 283–288. doi:10.1007/s003359900987. PMID 10051325. S2CID 32790547
Roan_(horse)
Scientific endeavours to determine the complete genome sequence of an organism
Genome projects are scientific endeavours that ultimately aim to determine the complete genome sequence of an organism (be it an animal, a plant, a fungus
Genome_project
Horse breed developed for racing
Thoroughbred is a horse breed developed for horse racing. Although the word thoroughbred is sometimes used to refer to any breed of purebred horse, it technically
Thoroughbred
Genetic color in horses
Palomino is a genetic color in horses, consisting of a gold coat and white mane and tail; the degree of whiteness can vary from bright white to yellow
Palomino
000-year-old Pleistocene horse, a Przewalski's horse, five modern horse breeds, and a donkey. Analysis of differences between these genomes indicated that the
Evolution_of_the_horse
genomic comparison of 42 ancient-horse genomes, 20 of which were from Botai, with 46 published ancient and modern-horse genomes yielded surprising results.
Domestication_of_the_horse
Equine coat color
Buckskin is a colour of horse (sometimes misunderstood as a breed). Buckskin coloring is a hair coat color referring to a color that resembles certain
Buckskin_(horse)
Hair coat color of horses
A genome wide association study identified a region of equine chromosome 22 that appears to correlate with the extent of black pigment on bay horses. This
Bay_(horse)
terminology and jargon developed over the centuries for horses and other equidae, as well as various horse-related concepts. Where noted, some terms are used
Glossary_of_equestrian_terms
American geneticist (1943–2000)
one of the founding members of the international project to map the horse genome. She was an adjunct professor at the University of California, Davis
Ann_T._Bowling
Horse coat color
receptor (MC1R) is associated with the chestnut coat color in horses". Mammalian Genome. 7 (12): 895–899. doi:10.1007/s003359900264. PMID 8995760. S2CID 29095360
Chestnut_(horse_color)
Horse coat color
A white horse is born predominantly white and stays white throughout its life. A white horse has mostly pink skin under its hair coat, and may have brown
White_horse
Coloration of animal coat/fur
to horse colors, the points are the mane, tail, lower legs, and ear rims. Certain combinations of point color and body color determine most horse color
Points_(coat_color)
Color pattern in horses
"lightning strikes". The term "sabino" was in use prior to the mapping of the horse genome to describe a wide range of pinto spotting patterns that are characterized
Sabino_horse
Horse with coat color that consists of large patches
A pinto horse has a coat color that consists of large patches of white and any other color. Pinto coloration is also called paint, particolored, or in
Pinto_horse
Coat color characterized by progressive depigmentation of the colored hairs of the coat
A gray horse (or grey horse) has a coat color characterized by progressive depigmentation of the colored hairs of the coat. Most gray horses have black
Gray_horse
Species of equine
Heintzman, Peter D.; Froese, Duane G.; et al. (December 2021). "Ancient horse genomes reveal the timing and extent of dispersals across the Bering Land Bridge"
Wild_horse
Horse coat colors and markings
receptor (MC1R) is associated with the chestnut coat color in horses". Mammalian Genome. 7 (12): 895–899. doi:10.1007/s003359900264. PMID 8995760. Sponenberg
Equine_coat_color
Dilution gene
horses. A dun horse has a lightened color over most of the body while leaving the points darker. Both red and black pigment are affected. A dun horse
Dun_gene
Horse coat color
coat color of horses in which the entire hair coat is black. It is not uncommon to mistake dark chestnuts or bays for black. Black horses have dark brown
Black_horse
Genetics behind the equine coat color
sparser, and their coats a shade lighter. Equine coat color Tiger eye Horse genome Horse breeding Ann T. Bowling Pruvost, Melanie; Bellone, Rebecca; Benecke
Equine_coat_color_genetics
American horse breed noted for spotted color pattern
1365-2052.2004.01113.x. PMID 15025575. "Applications of Genome Study – Coat Color". Horse Genome Project. University of Kentucky. Archived from the original
Appaloosa
Areas on a horse that differ from body color
horses are usually distinctive white areas on an otherwise dark base coat color. Most horses have some markings, and they help to identify the horse as
Horse_markings
Animal with white markings on a darker coat
breed of horse with American Quarter Horse or Thoroughbred bloodlines in addition to being spotted, whereas pinto refers to a spotted horse of any breed
Piebald
horses descend from the lower Volga-Don region, Russia. 273 ancient horse genomes indicate that these populations replaced almost all local populations
History of horse domestication theories
History_of_horse_domestication_theories
Lighter mane and tail on chestnut horses
Flaxen is a genetic trait in which the mane and tail of chestnut-colored horses are noticeably lighter than the body coat color, often a golden blonde shade
Flaxen_(color_variant)
Horse breed originating in West Asia
2006.tb00764.x. PMID 17186863. "Applications of Genome Study - Simple Hereditary Diseases". Horse Genome Project. 2007. VetGen. "SCID". List of Services
Arabian_horse
Coat trait found in some horses
loci and their association to coat color phenotypes in horses (Equus caballus)". Mammalian Genome. 12 (6). Springer-Verlag: 450–455. doi:10.1007/s003350020017
Pangaré
Hair coat color of horses
loci and their association to coat color phenotypes in horses (Equus caballus)". Mammalian Genome. 12 (6). Springer-Verlag: 450–455. doi:10.1007/s003350020017
Seal_brown_(horse)
Horse coat colour pattern
Tri-coloured (archaic: oddbald) refers to a horse with three different coat colours in a pinto spotting pattern of large white and dark patches, usually
Tricoloured_horse
Free-roaming horse of the Western US
2013). "Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse". Nature. 499 (7456): 74–78. Bibcode:2013Natur.499
Mustang
Coat coloring pattern in some animals
MBTPS2 Variant Results in a Splicing Defect in Horses with Brindle Coat Texture". G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. 6 (9): 2963–70. doi:10.1534/g3.116.032433
Brindle
Distinct, selectively bred animal species
near-pure descendants from an ancient wild prototype, though mapping of the horse genome as well as the mtDNA and y-DNA of various breeds has largely disproved
Purebred
Spotted color pattern in horses
change throughout the horse's lifetime, unless the horse also carries the gray gene. It is a dominant gene, so any tobiano horse must have at least one
Tobiano
Trait characterized by black or darker hairs mixed into a horse's coat
smutty horse coat color is characterized by black or darker hairs mixed into a horse's coat, typically concentrated along the topline of the horse and less
Sooty_horse
Color of horses in the dun family
Grullo (/ˈɡruːjoʊ/ GROO-yoh) or grulla is a color of horses in the dun family, characterized by tan-gray or mouse-colored hairs on the body, often with
Grullo
dilution gene that affects red pigment in horses. It was identified in 2014. On a chestnut base coat the horse is born a pale beige with sometimes a greyish
Mushroom_gene
Colour pattern of horses
Skewbald is a colour pattern of horses. A skewbald horse has a coat made up of white patches on a non-black base coat, such as chestnut, bay, or any colour
Skewbald
Gene for several horse coat colors
The cream gene is responsible for a number of horse coat colors. Horses that have the cream gene in addition to a base coat color that is chestnut will
Cream_gene
Horse fur marking
called lacing or snowflakes) is a rare type of marking found on the backs of horses indicated by streaks of lost pigment in the fur that grows out overtime
Leukotrichia
Danish Basic Research Centre of Excellence
moved the limit for the oldest full genome sequence 10-fold when they sequenced a 700.000 year old horse genome. As of August 2017 the centre's scientists
Centre_for_Geogenetics
Horse breed noted for use in the Spanish Riding School in Vienna
is a European breed of riding horse developed in the Habsburg Empire in the sixteenth century. It is a muscular horse, powerful, slow to mature and long-lived;
Lipizzan
American horse breed
The American Quarter Horse, or Quarter Horse, is an American breed of horse that excels at sprinting short distances. Its name is derived from its ability
American_Quarter_Horse
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
have segmented genomes—the genome is split into smaller molecules—thus reducing the chance that an error in a single-component genome will incapacitate
Virus
Group of colouration patterns of horses
coloration patterns of white-over-dark body markings in horses, and is a term used by the American Paint Horse Association to classify a set of pinto patterns
Overo
Horse coat color
black or just smoky is a coat color of horses which appears dark brown to deep black in color. Smoky black horses have a black base color with a heterozygous
Smoky_black
Horse coat colors and patterns, such as white ticking or roaning
sequence polymorphism in the KIT gene and the roan coat color in horses". Mammalian Genome. 10 (3): 283–288. doi:10.1007/s003359900987. PMID 10051325. S2CID 32790547
Rabicano
Coat color found in many animals
sequence polymorphism in the KIT gene and the roan coat color in horses". Mammalian Genome. 10 (3): 283–288. doi:10.1007/s003359900987. PMID 10051325. S2CID 32790547
Roan_(color)
Horse coat color and its genetics
White Horse Association (CWHA)". Camarillo White Horse Association. 2009-03-17. Retrieved 2009-07-03. "Nomenclature History, Kit". Mouse Genome Informatics
Dominant_white
Colour
coat colouring, particularly plumage colour in birds and, in Europe, in horses. It also has historically been applied to fashion. The first known record
Isabelline_(colour)
Gene contributing to horse coat color
with the Rocky Mountain Horse and the Miniature Horse. Scandinavian breeds and their descendants such as the Icelandic horse, Nordland Pony, Shetland
Silver_dapple_gene
Hair coloration in some equine
and qualities seen in several equine species, including horses, donkeys, and asses. In horses, they are associated with primitive breeds, though not limited
Primitive_markings
This list of sequenced animal genomes contains animal species for which complete genome sequences have been assembled, annotated and published. Substantially
List of sequenced animal genomes
List_of_sequenced_animal_genomes
Extinct species of mammal
; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Southon, John (December 2021). "Ancient horse genomes reveal the timing and extent of dispersals across the Bering Land Bridge"
Equus_scotti
Breed of horse
The Mongolian horse (Mongolian Адуу, aduu: "horse" or mori; or as a herd, ado) is the native horse breed of Mongolia. The breed is purported to be largely
Mongolian_horse
Chinese horse breed
Shenyuan; Hou, Chenglin; Xing, Yanping (2014). "Genome-Wide Detection of Copy Number Variations among Diverse Horse Breeds by Array CGH". PLOS ONE. 9 (1) e86860
Abaga_horse
Specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids
from normal human donors do not contain detectable NORs. The domestic horse genome includes one metacentric chromosome that is homologous to two acrocentric
Centromere
Coat pattern in horses
The leopard complex is a group of genetically related coat patterns in horses. These patterns range from progressive increases in interspersed white hair
Leopard_complex
Extinct species of horse
Equus lambei, commonly known as the Yukon horse or Yukon wild horse, is an extinct species of the genus Equus. Equus lambei ranged across North America
Equus_lambei
Allele responsible for several horse coat colors
dominant allele responsible for a number of rare horse coat colors. The most distinctive traits of horses with the champagne gene are the hazel eyes and
Champagne_gene
This list of sequenced plant genomes contains plant species known to have publicly available complete genome sequences that have been assembled, annotated
List of sequenced plant genomes
List_of_sequenced_plant_genomes
Horses breeds native to Spain and Portugal
Kristian; et al. (May 2019). "Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series". Cell. 177 (6): 1419–1435.e31. doi:10.1016/j
Iberian_horse
Gene that lightens the coat colour of certain animals
Dapple Gene lightens black hair, such as the mane and tail of a bay horse Mushroom (horse) describes an unknown and unmapped theorized dilution gene which
Dilution_gene
Veterinary college in New York State
Cornell University. 2006: A Cornell horse named Twilight serves as genome donor for the international Equine Whole Genome Sequencing Project. 2015: Research
New York State College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University
New_York_State_College_of_Veterinary_Medicine_at_Cornell_University
Type of dilution gene
found in the American Quarter Horse, American Paint Horse, and Peruvian Paso. The same mutation appears in Iberian horse breeds such as the Lusitano and
Pearl_gene
1954 children's novel by C. S. Lewis
"Children's BBC Radio 4: The Horse and His Boy". 4 January 1998. p. 125. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019 – via BBC Genome. "Christian Books, Bibles
The_Horse_and_His_Boy
Genus of bony fishes
written sea-horse and sea horse) is any of 47 species of small marine bony fish in the genus Hippocampus. Having a head and neck suggestive of a horse, seahorses
Seahorse
Extinct species of horse native to Siberia
ISSN 0003-455X. Orlando, Ludovic (January 2020). "Ancient Genomes Reveal Unexpected Horse Domestication and Management Dynamics". BioEssays. 42 (1) e1900164
Equus_lenensis
Breed of horse developed in Austria and northern Italy
breed of horse developed in Austria and northern Italy (namely Hafling in South Tyrol region) during the late 19th century. Haflinger horses are relatively
Haflinger
Stage of the Pleistocene Epoch
Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly; Dalén, Love; et al. (December 2021). "Ancient horse genomes reveal the timing and extent of dispersals across the Bering Land Bridge"
Middle_Pleistocene
Type of spotted marking on horses
found on horses. They range in color from dark red to black. These random spots are most commonly seen on palominos, chestnuts, and darker horses, and may
Bend-Or_spots
Horse coat colour
Jagannathan, V.; Leeb, T. (2019). "Whole-genome sequencing reveals a large deletion in the MITF gene in horses with white spotted coat colour and increased
Splashed_white
Bowling, 1965, leading geneticist on the study of horses, one of the leaders of the horse genome project Kenneth G. Caulton, NA, professor of inorganic
List of Carleton College people
List_of_Carleton_College_people
Genome browser hosted by the University of California, Santa Cruz
The UCSC Genome Browser is an online and downloadable genome browser hosted by the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC). It is an interactive website
UCSC_Genome_Browser
Process of re-creating an extinct organism
known cloned animal species include domestic cats, dogs, pigs, and horses. Genome editing has been rapidly advancing with the help of the CRISPR/Cas systems
De-extinction
Breed of horse
domestic horse. Later work has reframed the comparison with Przewalski's horse: an analysis of 42 ancient horse genomes concluded that Przewalski's horses are
Sorraia
Horse coat coloration
colorations in Pinto horses and American Paint Horses. The genetics of pinto coloration are not always fully understood, and some horses have a combination
Tovero
British actor (1956–2025)
Kinopoisk (in Russian). Retrieved 2 October 2025. "Terracotta Horse: 1: The Seal of Solomon". BBC Genome Project. 12 November 1973. Retrieved 2 October 2025. "Scum
Patrick_Murray_(actor)
Scientific project at the European Bioinformatics Institute
Ensembl genome database project is a scientific project at the European Bioinformatics Institute, which provides a centralized resource for geneticists
Ensembl genome database project
Ensembl_genome_database_project
Genus of viruses
serotype. These viruses have double-stranded RNA genomes, so are classified as Class III viruses. Their genome is linear and is segmented into 10 segments
Orbivirus
English character actor (1934–1988)
allmovie.com. Retrieved 5 November 2022. "Broadcast – BBC Programme Index". genome.ch.bbc.co.uk. 7 April 1975. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. "BBC
Roy_Kinnear
Species of flavivirus causing West Nile fever
of the genome. CpG and UpA are dinucleotides that influence West Nile virus genome composition and host-specific replication. Vertebrate genomes suppress
West_Nile_virus
Color of horses' eyes
with "Tiger-Eye" Iris Pigmentation in Puerto Rican Paso Fino Horses". G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. 7 (8): 2799–2806. doi:10.1534/g3.117.043786. PMC 5555483
Tiger_eye
Character in the novels of Agatha Christie
Theatre: The Pale Horse". BBC Genome: Radio Times. BBC. 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020. "Saturday Night Theatre: Hallowe'en Party". BBC Genome: Radio Times.
Ariadne_Oliver
Horse with spotting or markings from parents of solid color
cropout, crop-out or crop out is a horse with body spots, including pinto or leopard complex spotting, or "high white" horse markings, with a sire and dam
Cropout
Horse coat coloration
Varnish roan describes a horse with coloration similar to roan, but with some changes in color over the years, though not to the extreme of a gray. This
Varnish_roan
Tibetan wild ass
(2013). "Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse". Nature. 499 (7456): 74–78. Bibcode:2013Natur.499
Kiang
1936 novel by Daphne du Maurier
Jr. BBC Genome: Jamaica Inn (1939) BBC Genome: Jamaica Inn (1947) BBC Genome: Jamaica Inn (1947) BBC Genome: Jamaica Inn (1950) BBC Genome: Jamaica Inn
Jamaica_Inn_(novel)
English actress (born 1946)
Retrieved 31 October 2017. "Great Big Groovy Horse – BBC Two England – 25 December 1975 – BBC Genome". 25 December 1975. Archived from the original
Patricia_Hodge
through mVISTA, Genome VISTA, or VISTA Browser. A database of tissue-specific human enhancers is available through VISTA Enhancer Browser. GenomeVISTA allows
VISTA_(comparative_genomics)
English actor (1950–2001)
Nobby Clark in It Ain't Half Hot Mum and Mike Fisher in Only Fools and Horses. MacDonald was born in Manchester, the son of Scottish heavyweight wrestling
Kenneth MacDonald (English actor)
Kenneth_MacDonald_(English_actor)
Japanese breed of horse
endangered Japanese breed of small horse. It is one of eight Japanese native horse breeds, and lives as a feral horse in a natural setting in a designated
Misaki_horse
Species of legume
genes exist in horse gram and grain yield enhancement represents the main breeding goal. Little attention has been given to the genome structure and organization
Macrotyloma_uniflorum
British band
Groovy Horse". 18 December 1975. p. 51. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2019 – via BBC Genome. "Great Big Groovy Horse". 15
Ryder_(band)
Domestic horse–donkey hybrid
The hinny is a domestic equine hybrid, being the offspring of a male horse (a stallion) and a female donkey (a jenny). It is the reciprocal cross to the
Hinny
Domestic hybrid of horse and donkey
hybrid between a donkey and a horse. It is the offspring of a male donkey (a jack) and a female horse (a mare). The horse and the donkey are different
Mule
BBC Genome. Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2023. "To the Manor Born Series 3, Episode 3: Horse vs Cars". BBC Genome. Archived
List of To the Manor Born episodes
List_of_To_the_Manor_Born_episodes
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HORSE GENOME
HORSE GENOME
Boy/Male
English
Dark-skinned. A Moor. Form of Maurice.
Male
English
Old English name HORSA means "horse." In English legend, this is the name of a warrior and brother of Hengist.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Middle English hose, huse ‘brambles’, ‘thorns’.English : habitational name from a place in Leicestershire, named from Old English hÅs, plural of hÅh ‘spur of land’ (literally ‘heel’), or a topographic name with the same meaning.English and German : metonymic occupational name from Middle English, Middle Low and High German hose ‘hose’, ‘leggings’, denoting a knitter or seller of hose, or a nickname for someone who habitually wore noticeble legwear.German (Upper Saxony) : apparently from a Czech personal name, Hos, a reduced form of Johannes (see John).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Norfolk, Somerset, and Sussex, so named from Old English hors ‘horse’ (perhaps a byname) + ēg ‘island’, ‘low-lying land’.
Girl/Female
Greek
Goddess of the season.
Boy/Male
Norse
Sigurd's horse.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Gloucestershire named Corse, from Welsh cors ‘marsh’, ‘bog’.Scottish : topographic name from northern Middle English cors, corse ‘cross’, or a habitational name for someone from any of various places, for example in Grampian and Orkney, named with this word.Danish or Dutch : from the personal name Corsse, a variant of Carsten, which was borne by Scandinavian settlers in New Netherland in the 17th century.
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, Christian, English
Horse
Boy/Male
Norse
The horse of Heimdall.
Surname or Lastname
English (southwestern)
English (southwestern) : from Middle English hous ‘house’ (Old English hūs). In the Middle Ages the majority of the population lived in cottages or huts rather than houses, and in most cases this name probably indicates someone who had some connection with the largest and most important building in a settlement, either a religious house or simply the local manor house. In some cases it may be a status name for a householder, someone who owned his own dwelling as opposed to being a tenant, but more often it is an occupational name for a servant who worked in such a house, in particular a steward who managed one.English : respelling of Howes.Translation of German Haus.
Boy/Male
Norse
A mythical horse.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Force.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and Dutch
English, Scottish, and Dutch : variant of Horn 1–4.Norwegian : habitational name from any of several farmsteads mostly so named from the dative singular of horn (see Horn).Swedish : variant of Horn.
Surname or Lastname
English (Somerset and Avon)
English (Somerset and Avon) : variant of Fosse.Americanized form of French Fortier.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Lancashire)
English (mainly Lancashire) : topographic name from Old English gors(t) ‘gorse’, or a habitational name from some minor place named with this word.Slovenian (Gorše) : shortened form of the personal name Gregor, Latin Gregorius.Slovenian (Gorše) : topographic name from a derivative of gora ‘mountain’, ‘hill planted with vines’, ‘wood in a hill country’ (see Gornik).
Male
Arthurian
, (horse); brother of Hengist.
Male
German
Low German name, possibly derived from the word horst, HORST means "wooded hill."
Female
Norse
Old Norse name composed of the elements salr "house" and veig "strength," hence "strong house."
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Oxfordshire and Berkshire)
English (mainly Oxfordshire and Berkshire) : variant of Howes.
Boy/Male
American, British, Christian, English, Indian
Dark-skinned; Son of Maurice; Son of the Dark One
HORSE GENOME
HORSE GENOME
HORSE GENOME
HORSE GENOME
HORSE GENOME
HORSE GENOME
HORSE GENOME
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