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Bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake
The hypolimnion or under lake is the dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. The word "hypolimnion" is derived from Ancient Greek:
Hypolimnion
Separation of water in a lake into distinct layers
middle layer, whose depth may change throughout the day; and the colder hypolimnion, extending to the floor of the lake. Every lake has a set mixing regime
Lake_stratification
Lakes that mix from top to bottom once each year
warm surface waters (the epilimnion) and the colder bottom waters (the hypolimnion) prevents these lakes from mixing in summer. During winter, the surface
Monomictic_lake
Large inland body of relatively still water
forms a layer near the bottom, which is called the hypolimnion. Second, normally overlying the hypolimnion is a transition zone known as the metalimnion.
Lake
Top layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake
dense. As a result, the epilimnion sits above the deeper metalimnion and hypolimnion, which are colder and denser. Additionally, the epilimnion typically
Epilimnion
Lake in Sulawesi, Indonesia
epilimnion never gets cold enough to mix with the hypolimnion. The environment in the hypolimnion is noteworthy for its possible similarity to oceans
Lake_Matano
Relatively small body of standing water
water itself producing distant layers; the epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion. Each zone has varied traits that sustain or harm specific organisms
Pond
Layering of a body of water due to density variations
middle layer, which may change depth throughout the day, and the colder hypolimnion extending to the floor of the lake.[citation needed] The thermal stratification
Stratification_(water)
Body of freshwater that mixes twice a year
surface waters (the epilimnion), from the colder bottom waters (the hypolimnion). In the spring and fall, these temperature differences briefly disappear
Dimictic_lake
Lake that is strongly alkaline
well-oxygenated upper layer (epilimnion) and an anoxic lower layer (hypolimnion), without oxygen and often high concentrations of sulfide. Stratification
Soda_lake
Measure of the ability of water to sustain biological productivity
subtype) that allows oxygen to be transported from the epilimnion to the hypolimnion. In this way, oligotrophic lakes can have significant oxygen down to
Trophic_state_index
Type of ecosystem
stratified. The lowest zone in the lake is the coldest and is called the hypolimnion. The upper warm zone is called the epilimnion. Between these zones is
Lake_ecosystem
Permanently stratified lake with layers of water that do not intermix
caused by external causes, like an intrusion of saltwater settling in the hypolimnion, preventing it from mixing. The layers of sediment at the bottom of a
Meromictic_lake
Lake mixing occasionally during the year thus preventing stratification
Benthic zone Lake stratification Epilimnion Metalimnion Hypolimnion Destratification Lake types Holomictic lake Monomictic lake
Holomictic_lake
Distinct layer of temperature change in a body of water
warm layer is called the epilimnion and the cold layer is called the hypolimnion. Because the warm water is exposed to the sun during the day, a stable
Thermocline
Lake in Lombardy, Italy
distinct warm surface layer (epilimnion), separated from the cold, deep hypolimnion (where temperatures remain around 6–7 °C year-round) by a sharp transition
Lake_Como
Standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water
thicknesses of the two layers separated by stratification (e.g. epilimnion and hypolimnion), ρ 1 , ρ 2 {\displaystyle \rho _{1},\rho _{2}} the densities of these
Seiche
Farming of aquatic organisms
driver for eutrophication in freshwater systems, were measured in the hypolimnion of the lake. Annual phosphorus inputs from aquaculture waste exceeded
Aquaculture
Loch In Scotland
during the summer months, with a distinct epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion forming in deeper areas. These stratification patterns have important
Loch_Lomond
Lake in Austria
the surface layer (epilimnion) from the deep, uniformly tempered part (hypolimnion) of the lake. The highest temperatures measured in open water in 2007
Attersee_(lake)
Accumulation of nutrients in water
sedimentation of primary producers can increase rates of respiration in the hypolimnion. If oxygen depletion becomes extreme, aerobic organisms (such as fish)
Eutrophication
Benthic zone Lake stratification Epilimnion Metalimnion Hypolimnion Destratification Lake types Holomictic lake Monomictic lake
Amictic_lake
Natural freshwater lake in Florida, United States
thermal stratification. Although daily thermal stratification is brief, a hypolimnion can form during this time resulting in decreased amounts of dissolved
Lake_Okeechobee
Photic zone above the benthic zone in a freestanding body of water
Benthic zone Lake stratification Epilimnion Metalimnion Hypolimnion Destratification Lake types Holomictic lake Monomictic lake
Limnetic_zone
Deep-water aeration without disrupting the natural stratification of water
ammonium, iron, manganese, and toxic hydrogen sulfide in the water. The hypolimnion becomes inhospitable, and the anaerobic conditions contribute to greater
Hypolimnetic_aeration
Wastewater treatment method
sulfate salt is applied to substrate at the lake's bottom, within the hypolimnion. The alum then reduces phosphorus levels by inactivating the phosphorus
Chemical_phosphorus_removal
Benthic zone Lake stratification Epilimnion Metalimnion Hypolimnion Destratification Lake types Holomictic lake Monomictic lake
Polymictic_lake
Storage space for water
cold water into the downstream river greatly reducing the size of any hypolimnion. This in turn can reduce the concentrations of phosphorus released during
Reservoir
Benthic zone Lake stratification Epilimnion Metalimnion Hypolimnion Destratification Lake types Holomictic lake Monomictic lake
Profundal_zone
Deep oligotrophic lake in Thunder Bay District, Ontario
stratified each summer and has characteristically low temperatures in the hypolimnion. This body of water bore the Ojibwe name Gaa-zaasaagijiwegamaag (recorded
Loch Lomond (Thunder Bay District)
Loch_Lomond_(Thunder_Bay_District)
Spread of planktonic algae in water
Cyanobacteria species such as D. lemmermannii are able to move between the hypolimnion which is rich in nutrients such as phosphates and the nutrient-poor metalimnion
Algal_bloom
Largest lake in Styria, Austria
epilimnion is only approximately five meters thick. The uniformly tempered hypolimnion begins at a depth of 30 meters. Following the spring circulation, the
Lake_Grundlsee
Water and air cooling project in Toronto, Canada
which contains a thermocline. The bottommost layer, referred to as the hypolimnion, is composed of cold, dense water, which remains at a constant 4 °C (39 °F)
Deep Lake Water Cooling System
Deep_Lake_Water_Cooling_System
Low oxygen conditions or levels
sedimentation of primary producers can increase rates of respiration in the hypolimnion. If oxygen depletion becomes extreme, aerobic organisms, like fish, may
Hypoxia_(environmental)
Species of annelid worm
Benthic zone Lake stratification Epilimnion Metalimnion Hypolimnion Destratification Lake types Holomictic lake Monomictic lake
Tubifex_tubifex
Science of inland aquatic ecosystems
column where water temperatures rapidly decrease. The bottom layer is the hypolimnion, which tends to have the coldest water because its depth restricts sunlight
Limnology
Structure for the study of aquatic ecosystems
sensors extend to the bed level the tower can also be used to monitor the hypolimnion (lowest layer of water) which in some conditions can become anoxic (of
Limnological_tower
Phumdis in Manipur, India
eutrophic condition, creating a dead water zone called the hypolimnion. Above the hypolimnion is a thin layer, known as epilimnion, where fish survive to
Phumdi
Lake in Whatcom County, Washington, United States
layer forms (hypolimnion), much colder and isolated from the rest of the water body. Minimal oxygen from the air diffuses down to the hypolimnion, causing
Lake_Whatcom
Adding air to water
autumn turn-over can introduce oxygen rich water into the oxygen-poor hypolimnion.[citation needed] A low speed surface aerator is a device for biology
Water_aeration
Lake in Uttarakhand, India
luxurious growth of phytoplankton. The lake is thus anoxic and has reduced hypolimnion, winter circulation, large phytoplankton and relatively lower animal
Nainital_Lake
Realm of viruses
the hypolimnion zone. Most can be described as specific to either the epilimnion, where their presence tended to be transient, or the hypolimnion, where
Duplodnaviria
Lake in Green Lake County, Wisconsin, USA
concentration of DO in Green Lake decreases through the thermocline and into the hypolimnion. One of the most interesting characteristics of the Green Lake DO profile
Green_Lake_(Wisconsin)
Lake in Austria
metalimnion lies at a depth of about five meters. The uniformly temperate hypolimnion begins at 10 meters. The strikingly high position of the metalimnion
Lake_Altaussee
of water in an ocean or lake, typically between the non-circulating hypolimnion and the warmer epilimnion, through which temperature changes more drastically
Glossary of geography terms (N–Z)
Glossary_of_geography_terms_(N–Z)
Pattern of daily vertical movement in many aquatic species
waters of the epipelagic zone and deeper mesopelagic zone of the ocean or hypolimnion zone of lakes. There are three recognized types of diel vertical migration:
Diel_vertical_migration
Town and municipality in Uttarakhand, India
featuring an upper warm epilimnion, a middle thermocline, and a cold bottom hypolimnion. As surface temperatures decline in December and January, the lake undergoes
Bhimtal
Lake in Jammu and Kashmir, India
November. The maximum depth of the Thermocline is 9 metres (30 ft). Hypolimnion temperature ranges from 8.5 °C (47.3 °F) to 11 °C (52 °F). pH value varied
Manasbal_Lake
typically stratifies with a large volume of cold, oxygen poor water in the hypolimnion. Analysis of temperature profiles from 11 large dams in the Murray Darling
Environmental impact of reservoirs
Environmental_impact_of_reservoirs
Scientific study of ancient lakes and streams
development was dominated by a process of morphometric eutrophication. As the hypolimnion of lakes gradually filled with sediments, oxygen depletion would promote
Paleolimnology
Lake in Pennsylvania, United States
stratification happens when each layer of a lake (epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion) is distinct enough to have different temperatures and the difference
Lake_Lacawac
Monitoring of the quality of the environment
oxygenated upper layer (epilimnion) and a cool de-oxygenated lower layer (hypolimnion). In the open seas marine environment grab samples can establish a wide
Environmental_monitoring
Branch of environmental chemistry
the late summer they fall into the cool water layers underneath - the hypolimnion - and decompose. During winter turn-over, when a lake becomes fully mixed
Freshwater environmental quality parameters
Freshwater_environmental_quality_parameters
Lake in Ontario, Canada
frequency of encounter. Coregonus artedi are normally located in the hypolimnion during the day because they are so dependent on light availability. Coregonus
Harp_Lake_(Ontario)
Volcanic crater lake in Aksaray Province, Niğde Province
into an upper half which is warm (epilimnion), while the lower half (hypolimnion) stays cold and lacking in oxygen. An abundance of planktonic algae (or
Lake_Nar
Lake in Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland
purity. This low rating stemmed primarily from anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion layer during summer stratification, elevated biochemical oxygen demand
Lake_Goszcza
Genus of protozoans
water columns, where they feed on small microorganisms. They live in the hypolimnion and range from areas of low O2 concentration to anoxic conditions. They
Loxodes
(surface waters) and likely severely hypoxic or anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion (bottom waters)." This stratification led to significant differences
Contemporary Australian environmental incidents
Contemporary_Australian_environmental_incidents
Geologic formation in the eastern U.S.
that the waters were deep enough to be continually stratified, with the hypolimnion (deepest portion) completely lacking oxygen. An alternative hypothesis
Cow_Branch_Formation
Methane formed and found in water
trap dissolved gases, including aquatic methane, in deep cold waters (hypolimnion). Seasonal mixing events release benthic aquatic methane and other trapped
Aquatic_methane
Lake in Poland
of nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll, and a completely deoxygenated hypolimnion. Additionally, the lake's waters had a very high mineral salt content
Lake_Lubie
reactions may also prevail in compartments such as groundwater or lake hypolimnion, which have hydraulic retention times on the order of years and where
Pesticide_degradation
River in California, United States
the warm surface layer (epilimnion) down into the cool bottom layer (hypolimnion), so that by late summer the bottom water is warm and anoxic. The result
Uvas_Creek
Lake in Guatemala
poorly mineralized epilimnion, over a 5 °C cooler, highly mineralized hypolimnion. Most of the water therefore only restrict its circulation to the epilimnion
Lake_Chichoj
Family of purple sulfur bacteria
growth; in this case, they cluster at the level of the anoxic and sulfidic hypolimnion, that is to say the dense, bottom water layer of the lake. Ectothiorhodospiraceae
Chromatiaceae
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