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Rock formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava
Igneous rock (igneous from Latin igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic
Igneous_rock
metamorphic rock, and sedimentary rock. Adakite – Volcanic rock type Agpaitic rock – Peralkaline igneous rock Andesite – Type of volcanic rock Alkali feldspar
List_of_rock_types
Magmatic rock formed below the surface
ways igneous rock can form. The other is extrusion, such as a volcanic eruption or similar event. An intrusion is any body of intrusive igneous rock, formed
Intrusive_rock
Body of intrusive igneous rocks
In geology, an igneous intrusion (or intrusive body or simply intrusion) is a body of intrusive igneous rock that forms by crystallization of magma slowly
Igneous_intrusion
Naturally occurring mineral aggregate
classifying igneous rock. The content of alkali metal oxides is next in importance. About 65% of the Earth's crust by volume consists of igneous rocks. Of
Rock_(geology)
Transitional concept of geologic time
metamorphic, and igneous. Each rock type is altered when it is forced out of its equilibrium conditions. For example, an igneous rock such as basalt may
Rock_cycle
Igneous, volcanic rock, of felsic (silica-rich) composition
erupted as pyroclastic rock than as lava flows. Rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs are among the most voluminous of continental igneous rock formations. Rhyolitic
Rhyolite
Textural form of igneous rock with large grained crystals in a fine matrix
name was given to any igneous rocks with large crystals. The adjective porphyritic now refers to a certain texture of igneous rock regardless of its chemical
Porphyry_(geology)
Study of igneous rocks
Igneous petrology is the study of igneous rocks—those that are formed from magma. As a branch of geology, igneous petrology is closely related to volcanology
Igneous_petrology
Coarse-grained mafic intrusive rock
phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic (magnesium- and iron-rich), intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath
Gabbro
Magnesium- and iron-rich extrusive igneous rock
/bəˈsɔːlt, ˈbeɪsɔːlt/ buh-SALT) is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium
Basalt
Interrelationship between tectonic processes and the climate system
becomes the common nomenclature. This lava cools and forms igneous rock. By examining igneous rocks, it is possible to derive a chain of events that led
Tectonic–climatic_interaction
Igneous rock type
(/ˈdaɪ.əraɪt/ DY-ə-ryte) is an intrusive igneous rock formed by the slow cooling underground of magma (molten rock) that has a moderate content of silica
Diorite
Property of igneous rocks
Igneous textures include the rock textures occurring in igneous rocks. Igneous textures are used by geologists in determining the mode of origin of igneous
Igneous_textures
Part of the valley of the North Toe River in North Carolina, US
pegmatites intruded into the Ashe Formation. The pegmatites and country rock are part of the Spruce Pine thrust block, the highest thrust sheet of the
Spruce_Pine_Mining_District
Rock formed from lava erupted from a volcano
is a highly vesicular rock produced in explosive volcanic eruptions.[citation needed] Most modern petrologists classify igneous rocks, including volcanic
Volcanic_rock
argillaceous rocks. andesite Fine-grained igneous rock of intermediate composition. Up to half of the rock is plagioclase feldspar with the rest being
Glossary_of_geology
Type of igneous rock
Granite (/ˈɡræ.nɪt/, GRAN-it) is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, mica and plagioclase. It
Granite
Intrusive igneous rock
Syenite is a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock with a general composition similar to that of granite, but deficient in quartz, which, if present at
Syenite
Rock that was subjected to heat and pressure
the rock remains mostly in the solid state, but gradually recrystallizes to a new texture or mineral composition. The protolith may be an igneous, sedimentary
Metamorphic_rock
Type of coarse grained intrusive igneous rock
GRAN-oh-DY-ə-ryte, GRAN-ə-) is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock similar to granite, but containing more plagioclase feldspar than orthoclase
Granodiorite
Variety of monzonite, an igneous rock
Larvikite is an igneous rock, specifically a variety of monzonite, notable for the presence of thumbnail-sized crystals of feldspar. These feldspars are
Larvikite
Naturally occurring volcanic glass
extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth. It is an igneous rock. Produced from felsic lava, obsidian is rich in the lighter elements
Obsidian
Mafic intrusive igneous rock composed predominantly of plagioclase
Anorthosite (/əˈnɔːrθəsaɪt/) is a phaneritic, intrusive igneous rock characterized by its composition: mostly plagioclase feldspar (90–100%), with a minimal
Anorthosite
Igneous rock with very large interlocked crystals
A pegmatite is an igneous rock showing a very coarse texture, with large interlocking crystals usually greater in size than 1 cm (0.4 in) and sometimes
Pegmatite
Rock types native to a specific area
country rock is used include: When describing a pluton or dike, the igneous rock can be described as intruding the surrounding country rock, the rock into
Country_rock_(geology)
Large igneous rock intrusion
(líthos), meaning "stone") is a large mass of intrusive igneous rock (also called plutonic rock), larger than 100 km2 (40 sq mi) in area, that forms from
Batholith
Type of igneous and meta-igneous rock
ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally
Ultramafic_rock
Coarse-grained ultramafic igneous rock type
(coarse-grained) igneous rock consisting mostly of the silicate minerals olivine and pyroxene. Peridotite is ultramafic, as the rock contains less than
Peridotite
Geologic process in formation of some igneous rocks
(usually increasingly silicic) magmas produced by igneous differentiation is known as a magma series. When a rock melts to form a liquid, the liquid is known
Igneous_differentiation
Ratio of dark- to light-colored minerals in a rock
felsic minerals in an igneous rock. The color index of an igneous rock is the volume percentage of mafic minerals in the rock, excluding minerals generally
Color_index_(geology)
Igneous rock with large and small crystals
all types of igneous rocks can display some degree of porphyritic texture. Most porphyritic rocks have bimodal size ranges, meaning the rock is composed
Porphyritic
Type of igneous rock rich in alkali feldspar
'red granite', is a felsic igneous rock and a type of granite rich in the mineral potassium feldspar (K-spar). It is a dense rock with a phaneritic texture
Alkali_feldspar_granite
Large region of volcanic rock in Russia
romanized: Sibirskiye trappy) are a large region of volcanic rock, known as a large igneous province, in Siberia, Russia. Large volumes of basaltic lava
Siberian_Traps
Relationship between materials which compose a rock
where interlocking crystals of igneous rock are visible to the unaided eye. Foliated texture is where metamorphic rock is made of layers of materials
Texture_(geology)
Metamorphic rock type
plutonic igneous rock composed primarily of hornblende amphibole is called a hornblendite, which is usually a crystal cumulate rock. Igneous rocks with
Amphibolite
Geological processes by which rocks are formed
sedimentary rock. Fractional crystallisation: the solidification of melt or magma to form igneous rock. Metamorphism: the subjection of rock to varying
Formation_of_rocks
Igneous rock which sometimes contains diamonds
Kimberlite is an igneous rock and a rare variant of peridotite. It is most commonly known as the main host matrix for diamonds. It is named after the town
Kimberlite
Description of the physical characteristics of a rock unit
of a lithology is based on the rock type. The three major rock types are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed directly from
Lithology
Medium-grained intrusive rock
A subvolcanic rock, also known as a hypabyssal rock, is an intrusive igneous rock that is emplaced at depths less than 2 km (1.2 mi) within the crust
Subvolcanic_rock
Chemical alteration of a rock by hydrothermal and other fluids
occur via the action of hydrothermal fluids from an igneous or metamorphic source. In the igneous environment, metasomatism produces skarns, greisen,
Metasomatism
Metamorphic or igneous rocks below a sedimentary platform or cover
partial melting and magmatism. Basement rock is the thick foundation of ancient, and oldest, metamorphic and igneous rock that forms the crust of continents
Basement_(geology)
Silicate mineral or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron
in 1912. Cross's group had previously divided the major rock-forming minerals found in igneous rocks into salic minerals, such as quartz, feldspars, or
Mafic
Type of volcanic rock
Andesite is an aphanitic (fine-grained) to porphyritic (coarse-grained) igneous rock that is intermediate in its content of silica and low in alkali metals
Andesite
Circular geological feature in the Sahara desert
diameter, caused by a subsurface igneous intrusion deforming the overlying sedimentary rock layers, causing the rock to be exposed as concentric rings
Richat_Structure
Acidic rock or acid rock refers to the chemical composition of igneous rocks that has 63% wt% SiO2 content. Rocks described as acidic usually contain
Acidic_rock
Finer-grained material in a rock within which coarser material is embedded
groundmass of a rock is the finer-grained mass of material in which larger grains, crystals, or clasts are embedded. The matrix of an igneous rock consists of
Matrix_(geology)
Extrusive igneous rock
Trachyte (/ˈtreɪkaɪt, ˈtræk-/) is an extrusive igneous rock composed mostly of alkali feldspar. It is usually light-colored and aphanitic (fine-grained)
Trachyte
Igneous rock
Tonalite is an igneous, plutonic (intrusive) rock, of felsic composition, with phaneritic (coarse-grained) texture. Feldspar is present as plagioclase
Tonalite
Mode of igneous volcanic rock formation
Extrusive rock refers to the mode of igneous volcanic rock formation in which hot magma from inside the Earth flows out (extrudes) onto the surface as
Extrusive_rock
Uncommon extrusive rock
porphyritic (mixed fine- and coarse-grained). Phonolite is a variation of the igneous rock trachyte that contains nepheline or leucite rather than quartz. It has
Phonolite
Ultramafic igneous rock composed of pyroxene minerals
Pyroxenite is an ultramafic igneous rock consisting essentially of minerals of the pyroxene group, such as augite, diopside, hypersthene, bronzite or enstatite
Pyroxenite
Dark-colored, fine-grained, non-granitic igneous rock
Trap rock, also known as either trapp or trap, is any dark-colored, fine-grained, non-granitic intrusive or extrusive igneous rock. Types of trap rock include
Trap_rock
Rock formed by the deposition and cementation of particles
of the minerals in a sedimentary rock is often more complex than in an igneous rock. Minerals in a sedimentary rock may have been present in the original
Sedimentary_rock
Rock or sediment with valuable metals, minerals and elements
spodumene, petalite, and rare lithophile elements. Carbonatites are an igneous rock whose volume is made up of over 50% carbonate minerals. They are produced
Ore
Igneous rock composed of crystals visible to the naked eye
A phanerite is an igneous rock whose microstructure is made up of crystals large enough to be distinguished with the unaided human eye. In contrast, the
Phanerite
Easily split medium-grained metamorphic rock
protolith was a sedimentary rock, the schist will be described as a paraschist, while if the protolith was an igneous rock, the schist will be described
Schist
Igneous intrusive rock with low quartz and equal plagioclase and alkali feldspar
Monzonite is an igneous intrusive rock, formed by slow cooling of underground magma that has a moderate silica content and is enriched in alkali metal
Monzonite
Type of volcanic rock
Basanite (/ˈbæs.əˌnaɪt/) is an igneous, volcanic (extrusive) rock with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. It is composed mostly of feldspathoids, pyroxenes
Basanite
Huge regional accumulation of igneous rocks
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including intrusive (sills, dikes) and extrusive (lava flows, tephra
Large_igneous_province
Area defining a rock type or formation
type site in archaeology. Whether a rock type has a type locality varies between sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks. Sedimentary rocks, which are
Type_locality_(geology)
Fine-grained intrusive igneous rock type similar to granite
Aplite (/ˈæplaɪt/) is an intrusive igneous rock that has a granitic composition. Aplites are fine-grained to aphanitic (without grains visible to the naked
Aplite
Peralkaline igneous rock
An agpaitic rock is a peralkaline igneous rock, typically nepheline syenite or phonolite. Characteristic minerals in these rocks include complex silicates
Agpaitic_rock
Feldspar mineral found in igneous rock
formula KAlSi3O8), is an important tectosilicate mineral which forms igneous rock. The name is from the Ancient Greek for "straight fracture", because
Orthoclase
within impure limestone or dolomite strata adjacent to an intruding igneous rock. Whitley, Sean; Halama, Ralf; Gertisser, Ralf; Preece, Katie; Deegan
Calc–silicate_rock
Monadnock in San Juan County, New Mexico
"Ship Rock" dates from the 1870s. Shiprock, an example of a volcanic neck, is composed of fractured volcanic breccia and black dikes of igneous rock called
Shiprock
Tall, near vertical rock face
edge of the island state of Tasmania, Australia: these are of the hard, igneous rock dolerite. According to some sources, the highest cliff in the world,
Cliff
Plateau in India
The Deccan Traps in the northwest were formed by multiple layers of igneous rock deposited by basaltic lava flows following a massive volcanic eruption
Deccan_Plateau
Flat-topped volcanic plug in Wyoming, US
as Matȟó Thípila or Bear Lodge) is a laccolithic butte, composed of igneous rock in the Bear Lodge Ranger District of the Black Hills, near Hulett and
Devils_Tower
Mafic intrusive igneous rock
Norite is a mafic intrusive igneous rock composed largely of the calcium-rich plagioclase labradorite, orthopyroxene, and olivine. The name norite is derived
Norite
Igneous rock with more than 50% carbonate minerals
Carbonatite (/kɑːrˈbɒnəˌtaɪt/) is a type of intrusive or extrusive igneous rock defined by mineralogic composition consisting of greater than 50% carbonate
Carbonatite
Extremely rare igneous rock made mostly of quartz
Quartzolite or silexite is an intrusive igneous rock, in which the mineral quartz is more than 90% of the rock's felsic mineral content, with feldspar at
Quartzolite
channels that permit penetration by liquids and gases. This is true for igneous rock types such as granite and basalt, metamorphic rocks such as marble and
Stone_sealer
Intrusive igneous rock
Shonkinite is an intrusive igneous rock found in few places in the world. It is unique in having low silica, feldspathoid minerals, and large blocky crystals
Shonkinite
Volcanic rock
volcanic glass with very thin, translucent bubble walls of pyroclastic igneous rock. It is commonly but not exclusively of silicic or felsic to intermediate
Pumice
Landform in Navajo County, Arizona
volcanic plug consisting of volcanic breccia cut by dikes of an unusual igneous rock called minette. It is one of many such volcanic diatremes that are found
Agathla_Peak
Ultramafic mantle rock
Harzburgite, an ultramafic, igneous rock, is a variety of peridotite consisting mostly of the two minerals olivine and low-calcium (Ca) pyroxene (enstatite);
Harzburgite
Igneous rocks which have a deficiency of aluminium
mafic minerals. Agpaitic rock Metaluminous rock Peraluminous rock Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology
Peralkaline_rock
Type of igneous rock
Quartz monzonite is an intrusive, felsic, igneous rock that has an approximately equal proportion of orthoclase and plagioclase feldspars. It is typically
Quartz_monzonite
Rock consolidated from volcanic ash
Island. Tuff can be classified as either igneous or sedimentary rock. It is usually studied in the context of igneous petrology, although it is sometimes described
Tuff
Sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body
rock or through a contiguous mass of rock. Clastic dikes are formed when sediment fills a pre-existing crack. A magmatic dike is a sheet of igneous rock
Dike_(geology)
Infilled gas cavity in extrusive igneous rock
vesicles (pores from gas bubbles in lava) of a volcanic rock or other extrusive igneous rock are infilled with a secondary mineral, such as calcite, quartz
Amygdule
phenomena Rock types Igneous rock Igneous formation processes Sedimentary rock Sedimentary formation processes (sedimentation) Quicksand Metamorphic rock Endogenic
List_of_natural_phenomena
Species of succulent
county, in central Veracruz, in eastern Mexico and on vertical cliffs of igneous rock in the Tropical Deciduous Forest zone. Due to its restricted geographic
Sedum_morganianum
Purplish shade of red
lava is the color of lava that has cooled and begun to congeal into igneous rock. The normalized color coordinates for dark lava are identical to taupe
Lava_(color)
Igneous rock consisting essentially of nepheline and augite
Ijolite is an igneous rock consisting essentially of nepheline and augite. Ijolite is a rare rock type of considerable importance from a mineralogical
Ijolite
Type of igneous rock
Rapakivi granite is an igneous intrusive rock and variant of alkali feldspar granite. It is characterized by large, rounded crystals of orthoclase each
Rapakivi_granite
Mass of igneous rock formed from magma
Batholith – Large igneous rock intrusion Lopolith – Lenticular igneous intrusion with a depressed central region Stock – Smaller igneous intrusion Philpotts
Laccolith
Extrusive igneous rock
Trachyandesite is an extrusive igneous rock with a composition between trachyte and andesite. It has little or no free quartz, but is dominated by sodic
Trachyandesite
Igneous rock
Litchfieldite is a rare igneous rock. It is a coarse-grained, foliated variety of nepheline syenite, sometimes called nepheline syenite gneiss or gneissic
Litchfieldite
Layer of dolerite rock in northern England
The Whin Sill or Great Whin Sill is a tabular layer of the igneous rock dolerite in County Durham, Northumberland and Cumbria in the northeast of England
Whin_Sill
Crystal larger than the rock grains that surround it in an igneous rock
conspicuous crystal distinctly larger than the grains of the rock groundmass of an igneous rock. Such rocks that have a distinct difference in the size of
Phenocryst
Largest ocean
the deeper, mafic igneous rock of the Central Pacific Basin from the partially submerged continental areas of felsic igneous rock on its margins. The
Pacific_Ocean
Geologic eon, 4031–2500 million years ago
1016/S0301-9268(98)00083-7. Retrieved 24 November 2022. Dostal J (2008). "Igneous Rock Associations 10. Komatiites". Geoscience Canada. 35 (1). Cooper, John
Archean
Mineral grouping of silica-poor tectosilicates
Syenite. Foid, a contraction of the term feldspathoid, is applied to any igneous rock containing up to 60% modal feldspathoid minerals. For example, a syenite
Feldspathoid
City in Western Cape, South Africa
Mountain or "Paarl Rock". This huge granite rock consists of three rounded outcrops. Paarl Rock consists of intrusive igneous rock. The area that is now
Paarl
Aruba's highest natural point
presented. Diabase (also called dolerite) is a fine-grained, intrusive igneous rock that is dark gray to black in color. It resembles basalt and gabbro,
Jamanota
Processes that form rock
igneous rocks, it can also include metamorphic and sedimentary processes, including diagenesis and metamorphic reactions. Petrogenesis of an igneous rock
Petrogenesis
Mountain range in San Juan County, Utah, USA
form laccoliths emplaced at depths of a few kilometers. The predominant igneous rock is porphyritic hornblende diorite. Ages of intrusion in the Abajo Mountains
Abajo_Mountains
approximately 39 square miles (100 km2) according to the USGS, The Proterozoic igneous rock is also known as Braggville granite, a name derived from the quarries
Milford_pink_granite
IGNEOUS ROCK
IGNEOUS ROCK
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Rock Meadow
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a spinner or a maker of distaffs, from an agent derivative of Middle English rok ‘distaff’ (see Rock).German : from a Germanic personal name based on hrÅd ‘renown’.habitational name from a farm named Rokken in Pustertal, south Tyrol (Italy).German (Röcker) : from a topographic name or a place name Röcke (formerly Roke) near Bückeburg, Lower Saxony.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived near a notable crag or outcrop, from Middle English rokke ‘rock’ (see Roach), or a habitational name from a place named with this word, as for example Rock in Northumberland.English : variant of Roke (see Rokes 1).English : metonymic occupational name for a spinner or a maker of distaffs, from Middle English rok ‘distaff’ (from Old Norse rokkr or Middle Dutch rocke or an unattested Old English cognate).German : from a short form of the personal name Rocco (see Roche 3).German : metonymic occupational name for a tailor, from Middle High German rok, roc ‘skirt’, ‘gown’.German (Röck) : variant of Roche 3.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Rock.German (Röcke) : variant of Rock 4.
Boy/Male
British, English, Jamaican
From the Rock Meadow; Rocky Field
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Dweller by the Rocky Ford; Rock
Boy/Male
English
Rock.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, English, German, Italian
Dweller by the Rock; From the Rock Fortress; Stone Camp; Rest
Boy/Male
English American
Rock.
Boy/Male
French
Rock.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Buckinghamshire and Somerset. The former was earlier Rockholt, and was so named from Old English hrÅc ‘rook’ (perhaps a byname) + holt ‘wood’. The second element of the Somerset place is probably (and more predictably) Old English well(a) ‘spring’, ‘stream’ (see Well).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : apparently a habitational name, perhaps from Rockwood Park in West Sussex.
Boy/Male
English American
Rock.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, Jamaican
Dweller by the Rocky Land; Rock; Rocky Land
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Rock Meadow
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, French, German, Italian, Jamaican
Rock; Form of Rockne; From the Rock Fortress; Stone Camp; Rest
Boy/Male
English
Rock.
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Rock Meadow
Boy/Male
English
Rock.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Dweller by the Rocky Spring; Rocky Spring
IGNEOUS ROCK
IGNEOUS ROCK
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
King of the Earth
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Vishnu and Shiva Joined Together
Male
English
English short form of Latin Hercules, HERK means "glory of Hera."
Female
Irish
Irish name BÉIBHINN means "fair lady."
Boy/Male
Sikh
Worldly Love
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, English
Dragon; Modern Variant of Drake
Male
Finnish
Finnish form of Latin Henricus, HENRI means "home-ruler." Compare with another form of Henri.
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian
Sun Flower
Girl/Female
Muslim
Praising Allah, Holy
Boy/Male
Hindu
IGNEOUS ROCK
IGNEOUS ROCK
IGNEOUS ROCK
IGNEOUS ROCK
IGNEOUS ROCK
n.
A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.
a.
Produced by fire; igneous.
n.
An igneous rock of feldspathic composition, lamellar in structure, and clinking under the hammer. See Phonolite.
n.
A dark green igneous rock, consisting largely of chrysolite, with hornblende, augite, biotite, etc.
n.
An igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase and either leucite or nephelite, or both.
n.
An igneous rock of semiglassy nature, having a luster like pitch.
a.
Sexually reproductive.
v. i.
To emit sparks, or fine igneous particles.
a.
Produced by eruption; as, eruptive rocks, such as the igneous or volcanic.
a.
Emitting sparks, or fine igneous particles; sparkling.
n.
A greenish chloritic mineral common in certain igneous rocks, as diabase, as a result of alternation.
n.
An igneous rock composed of orthoclase, elaeolite, and sodalite.
a.
Resulting from, or produced by, the action of fire; as, lavas and basalt are igneous rocks.
a.
Pertaining to, having the nature of, fire; containing fire; resembling fire; as, an igneous appearance.
n.
A quartzose trachyte, an igneous rock often showing a fluidal structure.
n.
A dark green or bronze-colored laminated variety of pyroxene, common in certain igneous rocks.
a.
Alt. of Lignous
a.
Appropriate; suitable; proper; fit; adequate.
a.
Ligneous.
a.
Made of wood; consisting of wood; of the nature of, or resembling, wood; woody.