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Soviet ground attack aircraft of WWII
The Ilyushin Il-2 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-2) is a ground-attack plane that was produced by the Soviet Union in large numbers during the Second World War
Ilyushin_Il-2
Topics referred to by the same term
IL2 or IL-2 may refer to: Ilyushin Il-2 Shturmovik, a World War II era Soviet ground attack aircraft; IL-2 Sturmovik (series), a series of games named
IL-2
Video game series
IL-2 Sturmovik (Russian: Ил-2 Штурмовик) is a series of World War II combat flight simulation video games originally created in 2001 by Russian video
IL-2_Sturmovik_(series)
Mammalian protein found in humans
bundle; this cytokine family also includes IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21. IL-2 signals through a IL-2 receptor, a complex consisting of three chains
Interleukin_2
2013 video game
IL-2 Sturmovik: Great Battles is a set of standalone video games and the third generation game in the IL-2 Sturmovik series of combat flight simulators
IL-2_Sturmovik:_Great_Battles
Lymphocyte receptor specific for Interleukin-2
as lymphocytes, that binds and responds to a cytokine called IL-2. IL-2 binds to the IL-2 receptor, which has three forms, generated by different combinations
IL-2_receptor
"2" suffix and must play in a lower league than the first team. For men's clubs whose main teams are in the highest 3 tiers, there must be a gap of 2 or
Norwegian reserve football teams
Norwegian_reserve_football_teams
2006 video game
IL-2 Sturmovik: 1946 (Russian: Ил-2 Штурмовик: Платиновая коллекция), also called IL-2: 1946) is both the title of an add-on and a compilation release
IL-2_Sturmovik:_1946
2001 video game
IL-2 Sturmovik (Russian: Ил-2 Штурмовик) is a 2001 World War II combat flight simulator video game and is the first installment in the IL-2 Sturmovik
IL-2_Sturmovik_(video_game)
2009 video game
IL-2 Sturmovik: Birds of Prey (Russian: Ил-2 Штурмовик: Крылатые хищники), or Wings of Prey on Windows, is a 2009 combat flight simulation video game.
IL-2_Sturmovik:_Birds_of_Prey
Soviet ground attack aircraft
Sergei Ilyushin developed a heavier aircraft, the BSh M-71, (Il-8 M-71), derived from the Il-2 design, on which it was partly based, to be powered by the
Ilyushin_Il-10
Soviet ground-attack aircraft prototype
The Ilyushin Il-8 was a Soviet ground-attack aircraft developed by Ilyushin to replace the Ilyushin Il-2. The first two prototypes were significantly
Ilyushin_Il-8
2011 video game
IL-2 Sturmovik: Cliffs of Dover (Russian: Ил-2 Штурмовик: Битва за Британию) is a World War II combat flight simulator released in 2011. It was originally
IL-2 Sturmovik: Cliffs of Dover
IL-2_Sturmovik:_Cliffs_of_Dover
Drug that inhibits activity of immune system
gene expression of cytokines including Interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha by binding to corticosteroid response
Immunosuppressive_drug
the Il-2, 1941. Canceled due to the Il-8 and Il-10. Il-8, ground-attack prototype developed from the Il-2 and intended as a Il-2 replacement, 1943. Il-10
List_of_Ilyushin_aircraft
2003 video game
IL-2 Sturmovik: Forgotten Battles (Russian: Ил-2 Штурмовик: Забытые сражения), also known in Europe as Rebirth of Honor, is a combat flight simulator video
IL-2 Sturmovik: Forgotten Battles
IL-2_Sturmovik:_Forgotten_Battles
Cytokine with structural similarity to Interleukin-2
IL-2, IL-15 binds to and signals through a complex composed of IL-2/IL-15 receptor beta chain (CD122) and the common gamma chain (gamma-C, CD132). IL-15
Interleukin_15
State highway in northern Illinois, US
Illinois Route 2 (IL 2) is a north–south state highway in northern Illinois. It currently starts at Illinois Route 40 in Sterling and ends at the Wisconsin
Illinois_Route_2
Protein-coding gene in humans
transduction in response to IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-21, IL-15, and IL-2. Once either IL4-Rα, IL-7Rα, IL-9Rα, IL-21Rα, IL-2R or IL-15R has bound to their respective
Common_gamma_chain
Type of immune cell
triggered by the polarising cytokines IL-4 and IL-2, and their effector cytokines are IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-25. The main effector cells are
T_helper_cell
Soviet bomber-reconnaissance aircraft
withdrawn from the frontline and replaced by Ilyushin Il-2, Petlyakov Pe-2 and Tupolev Tu-2 bombers. The Su-2 was relegated to a training and reconnaissance
Sukhoi_Su-2
White blood cells of the immune system
particular IL-2 and/or IL-15. IL-2 alone is not sufficient to stimulate Foxp3 expression. While IL-2 is produced by self-reactive thymocytes, IL-15 is produced
Regulatory_T_cell
American cancer researcher
and have three daughters. Rosenberg is credited with developing the use of IL-2 and immune cells for the treatment of patients with melanoma in a procedure
Steven_Rosenberg
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
entirely binds IL-2, while CD132 binds the shared γc family cytokines (IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21), and the CD122 subunit binds also IL-15. Soluble
IL2RA
Group of cytokines
cytokines signalling through the γc receptor ( IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21). Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a protein that inhibits the synthesis
Interleukin
1944 fighter aircraft prototype by Ilyushin
similar to the Ilyushin Il-2 design, but was more modern and compact, and powered with a new Mikulin engine, the AM-42. The Il-1 used the same principle
Ilyushin_Il-1
Signaling within the same cell
"low-affinity" IL-2 receptors are replaced by "high-affinity" IL-2 receptors consisting of α, β, and γ chains. The cell then releases IL-2, which binds
Autocrine_signaling
German World War II flying ace
first day of the Battle of Kursk, 5 July 1943, Brendel claimed two Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft shot down on the northern flank of the attack. His
Joachim_Brendel
Aircraft autocannon
Ilyushin Il-2 ground attack aircraft. The original intention was to create a gun capable of penetrating German tank armour. Due to unavailability of Il-2, the
Volkov-Yartsev_VYa-23
Aircraft engine
development of the Mikulin AM-35 design. The AM-38 was used on the Il-2 Shturmovik and Il-10 ground attack aircraft. The AM-38 was installed experimentally
Mikulin_AM-38
Soviet aerobatic aircraft
Machine", Checksix, 2 April 2011 (in French). "IL-2 Sturmovik: Cliffs of Dover Patch", Blue's News, 19 October 2012. Donster, "IL-2 Sturmovik: Cliffs of
Sukhoi_Su-26
1941 Soviet attack aircraft
Kokin. The flight tests indicated that the Su-6 was superior to the Ilyushin Il-2 in nearly all performance categories, however its engine exceeded its age
Sukhoi_Su-6
White blood cell with immune function
against tumors when blood lymphocytes are stimulated with Interluekin-2 (IL-2) in vitro. Since NK cells the primary effector cells within these lymphokine-activated
Lymphokine-activated killer cell
Lymphokine-activated_killer_cell
Pharmaceutical drug
combining interleukin-2 and diphtheria toxin. Denileukin diftitox-cxdl, sold under the brand name LYMPHIR, is an interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor–directed cytotoxin
Denileukin_diftitox
Russian computer software developer
video game developer and publisher. Titles produced by the company include IL-2 Sturmovik, King's Bounty, Men of War and the Space Rangers series. 1C was
1C_Company
Pioneering biotech company in California, US
Interleukin-2 (IL-2), an important modifier of the immune system. In the early 1980s, an intense competition to clone the gene for IL-2 was underway
Cetus_Corporation
Interleukin
IL-12 belongs to the family of interleukin-12. IL-12 family is unique in comprising the only heterodimeric cytokines, which includes IL-12, IL-23, IL-27
Interleukin_12
2004 video game
distributed by Ubisoft in 2004. It is in fact a stand-alone expansion pack of IL-2 Sturmovik, released three years earlier in 2001, also developed by 1C:Maddox
Pacific_Fighters
Group of cytokine proteins
gene duplications of a proto-IL-1β ligand. In this way, IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-36RA, IL-37, IL-38, and IL-1RA are very likely ancestral
Interleukin-1_family
Family of interleukins
2 cytokines. In addition to IL-10, it includes IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. Some sources also include the type III interferons IL-28 and IL-29
IL-10_family
Autocannon
term for the same mount type. As installed in the underwing gun pods of the Il-2 it was known as ShFK-37 (Russian: ШФК-37 - Шпитальный фюзеляжно-крыльевая
Shpitalny_Sh-37
2009 video game
2010, 777 Studios acquired the rights to the Rise of Flight brand. In 2017, IL-2 Sturmovik: Flying Circus, the spiritual successor of Rise of Flight, was
Rise of Flight: The First Great Air War
Rise_of_Flight:_The_First_Great_Air_War
Pharmaceutical drug
sclerosis (MS). Daclizumab works by binding to CD25, the alpha subunit of the IL-2 receptor of T-cells. In March 2018, it was voluntarily withdrawn from the
Daclizumab
Entry for Israel in ISO 3166-2
ISO 3166-2:IL is the entry for Israel in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
ISO_3166-2:IL
Protein that in humans is encoded by the IL33 gene
potently drives production of T helper-2 (Th2)-associated cytokines (e.g., IL-4). IL33 is a ligand for ST2 (IL1RL1), an IL-1 family receptor that is highly
Interleukin_33
Soviet aircraft designer (1894–1977)
designer who founded the Ilyushin aircraft design bureau. He designed the Il-2 Shturmovik, which made its maiden flight in 1939. It is the most produced
Sergey_Ilyushin
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
necessary for IL-2-induced proliferation of IEC. Additionally, IL-2-induced downregulation of jak3-mRNA was responsible for higher IL-2-induced apoptosis
Janus_kinase_3
Pharmaceutical compound
anti-cancer drug candidate. It is a PEGylated interleukin-2 (IL-2) acting as a CD122-preferential IL-2 pathway agonist designed to activate and proliferate
Bempegaldesleukin
Cell surface receptors for interleukin-13
the proteins IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα. These form a dimer with IL-13 binding to the IL-13Rα1 chain and IL-4Rα stabilises this interaction. This IL-13 receptor
Interleukin-13_receptor
Cytokine
to IL-2 and IL-15. Intact IL-15L genes are found in bony fish, cartilaginous fish, reptiles, and many mammals. However, in humans and mice only an IL-15L
Interleukin_15-like
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up il in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. IL or Il may refer to: Image-Line, a Belgian software company International League, Class Triple-A league
IL
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Subunit beta of interleukin 12 (also known as IL-12B, natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor p40, or interleukin-12
Interleukin-12_subunit_beta
production and function. It increases lymphocyte numbers and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in animals. It is extracted from bovine thymus. Prior to 1960
Lymphocyte T-cell immunomodulator
Lymphocyte_T-cell_immunomodulator
Mammalian protein found in humans
the IL-2 receptor family (e.g. IL-2R, IL-7R, IL-9R and IL-15R), the IL-4 receptor family (e.g. IL-4R and IL-13R), the gp130 receptor family (e.g. IL-6R
Janus_kinase_1
Anti-inflammatory cytokine
encoded by the IL10 gene. IL-10 signals through a receptor complex consisting of two IL-10 receptor-1 and two IL-10 receptor-2 proteins. Consequently, the
Interleukin_10
Interstate Highway in Illinois
I-88, IL 92, and IL 110 meet a road at a diamond interchange. This road used to be part of IL 2 and IL 92. They then traverse eastward until IL 92 branches
Interstate_88_(Illinois)
Russian heavy four-engined military transport jet aircraft
The Ilyushin Il-76 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-76; NATO reporting name: Candid) is a multi-purpose, fixed-wing, four-engine turbofan strategic airlifter designed
Ilyushin_Il-76
Pharmaceutical drug
a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody to the α chain (CD25) of the IL-2 receptor of T cells. It is used in combination with other medicines used
Basiliximab
Protein in the species Homo sapiens
dermatitis. IL-31 is produced by a variety of cells, namely type 2 helper (TH2) T-cells. IL-31 sends signals through a receptor complex made of IL-31RA and
Interleukin_31
State highway in northern Illinois, US
East Dundee, and then to Chicago. In 1968, the designation of IL 72 was truncated back to IL 43 (Harlem Avenue), lopping off 10.5 miles (16.9 km). In 1982
Illinois_Route_72
Mountain range in North Macedonia
headwaters of the Axios river (Ancient Greek: Ἀξιός), mentioned by Homer (Il. 21.141, Il. 2.849) as the home of the Paeonians allies of Troy, spring from its
Jakupica_range
Immunoglobulin superfamily
transcription of IL-1 target genes such as IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, COX-2, IκBα, IL-1α, IL-1β, MKP-1. Components of signalization pathway of IL-1R which are involved
Interleukin-1_receptor_family
Leader of North Korea from 1994 to 2011
Kim Jong Il (16 February 1941 or 1942 – 17 December 2011) was a North Korean politician and dictator who was the second supreme leader of North Korea from
Kim_Jong_Il
Annual minor league baseball game
Triple-A leagues of Minor League Baseball (MiLB)—the International League (IL) and Pacific Coast League (PCL)—to determine an overall champion of the classification
Triple-A National Championship Game
Triple-A_National_Championship_Game
Category of small signaling proteins
IFN-γ, etc.), and those that enhance antibody responses, type 2 (TGF-β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, etc.). A key focus of interest has been that cytokines in
Cytokine
North-south state highway in Illinois, US
Illinois Route 26 (IL 26, Illinois 26) is a north–south state highway in central and north-central Illinois. It runs from Illinois Route 116 just north
Illinois_Route_26
Protein complex
receptor usage, IL-2 and IL-15 exhibit many similarities in their effects on lymphoid cells. Although the receptors for IL-2 and IL-15 share many structural
Interleukin-15_receptor
Ground-attack aircraft
The Ilyushin Il-102 is a Soviet experimental jet-powered ground-attack aircraft designed by Ilyushin. This aircraft was never chosen for production, being
Ilyushin_Il-102
Chemical compound
conjunction with low doses of the immune-activating cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the post-remission phase of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), i.e. when
Histamine_dihydrochloride
US Highway section within the state of Illinois
Mississippi River between Sabula, Iowa, and Savanna with Illinois Route 64 (IL 64) southeast to the Indiana state line near Sheldon with US 24. This is a
U.S._Route_52_in_Illinois
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Strom TB (1992). "Interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces tyrosine kinase-dependent translocation of active raf-1 from the IL-2 receptor into the cytosol". J. Biol
IL2RB
Medical condition
complete absence thereof, an essential part of high-affinity interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors. The result is a syndrome described as IPEX-like or a SCID.
CD25_deficiency
Topics referred to by the same term
guitarist Eric Johnson; IL-2 Sturmovik: Cliffs of Dover (2011), a combat flight simulation video game by Maddox Games, the developers of IL-2 Sturmovik (2001)
Cliffs of Dover (disambiguation)
Cliffs_of_Dover_(disambiguation)
German fighter ace and Knight's Cross recipient
another Il-2 ground-attack aircraft two days later. Meier was awarded the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 31 August. On 2 September
Johann-Hermann_Meier
Soviet ground-attack aircraft prototype
The Ilyushin Il-16 (Cyrillic Илью́шин Ил-16) was a Soviet lightweight armored ground-attack aircraft developed at the end of World War II by the Ilyushin
Ilyushin_Il-16
Group of cytokines
from centromere to telomere is IL-1A-IL-1B-IL-37-IL-36G-IL-36A-IL-36B-IL-36RN-IL1F10-IL-1RN, and only IL-1A, IL-1B and IL-36B. All of them probably arose
Interleukin_36
characteristically produce high levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-5 and also TGF- β but neither IL-4 nor IL-2. Production of IL-10 is also much more rapid than its
Type_1_regulatory_T_cell
German fighter ace and Knight's Cross recipient (1921–1944)
III. Gruppe had claimed 17 aerial victories in an encounter with Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft and their fighter escort. Birkner claimed his second
Hans-Joachim_Birkner
State highway in Illinois, US
Route 2. SBI Route 75 originally ran from Freeport to Rockton. It was extended in 1960 along Illinois Route 2 to U.S. Route 51 in South Beloit. IL 75 was
Illinois_Route_75
State highway in Rock Island County, Illinois, United States
1972, IL 5 was applied on former IL 190 (part of US 30 Toll before 1965). By 1975, IL 5 was extended to Rock Falls. By 1977, it extended towards IL 2 in
Illinois_Route_5
Type of white blood cell
example, IL-2 signaling in T cells upregulates the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, but T cell production of IL-2 and the high-affinity IL-2 receptor
Macrophage
Mammalian protein found in humans
production of various interleukins, particularly IL-6. CD28 serves as a receptor for CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2), proteins found on antigen-presenting cells
CD28
Group of innate immune cells that are derived from common lymphoid progenitors
production of amphiregulin, and type 2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, in response to IL-25, TSLP, and IL-33. Due to their cytokine signature
Innate_lymphoid_cell
Receptors on the surface of cells
IL-2 receptor common gamma chain (also known as CD132) is shared between: IL-2 receptor IL-4 receptor IL-7 receptor IL-9 receptor IL-13 receptor IL-15
Type_I_cytokine_receptor
Drugs to suppress IL-6 signalling
Arthritis Research & Therapy. 8 (Suppl 2): S5. doi:10.1186/ar1969. PMC 3226077. PMID 16899109. Stein and Sutherland (1998). "IL-6 as a drug discovery target".
Anti-interleukin-6
Soviet Il-2 pilot (1923–1945)
Микола Іларіонович Семейко; 25 March 1923 – 20 April 1945) was a Soviet Il-2 pilot and navigator during World War II who was twice awarded the title Hero
Nikolai_Semeyko
Mammalian protein found in humans
The human IL-21 gene is about 8.43kb, mapped to chromosome 4 and 180kb from IL-2 gene, and the mRNA product is 616 nucleotides long. IL-21 is expressed
Interleukin_21
(with or without the preposition "in"): il 2 giugno 1992 or nel 2 giugno 1992 l'8 marzo 2010 or nell'8 marzo 2020 il 1985 o nel 1985; l'85 o nell'85 The first
Date and time notation in Italy
Date_and_time_notation_in_Italy
American immunologist (1930–2021)
who has worked on therapeutic monoclonal antibodies to the IL-2 receptor, Interleukin 15 (IL-15), and Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL). Until the week he died
Thomas_A._Waldmann
Italian composer
Venice, 1597 Il 2 libro de Mottetti a 8 voci, Milan, 1601 Il 1 libro de mottetti a 5 voci, con la partitura per sonar l'organo, Milan, 1604 Il 1 libro de
Simone_Molinaro
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
and an IL-12p40 subunit. The IL-12p40, also known as Interleukin 12 subunit beta, is used by both IL-23 (where it partners with IL-23p19) and IL-12 (where
Interleukin_23_subunit_alpha
Immune response to nonself antigens from members of the same species
CD4+ T-lymphocytes that are responsible for APC maturation and IL-2 production. IL-2 is crucial for memory CD8+ T cell development. These cells may represent
Alloimmunity
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
subunit alpha (IL-12 p35) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL12A gene. This gene encodes a subunit of the cytokine Interleukin 12 (IL-12) that
IL12A
Type of cytokine
Interleukin 5 (IL-5) is an interleukin produced by type-2 T helper cells and mast cells. Through binding to the interleukin-5 receptor, interleukin 5 stimulates
Interleukin_5
Israel-based ad-tech company
"Incredimail buys photo-sharing co Smilebox for $25m - Globes". en.globes.co.il. 2 August 2011. "Smilebox to be acquired by IncrediMail for up to $40 million
Perion_Network
the Red Army with Il-2 pilots. In May 1944 the school came back to Mineralnye Vody, where they continued to train specialists on Il-2 aircraft, and in
Ulyanovsk Institute of Civil Aviation
Ulyanovsk_Institute_of_Civil_Aviation
Soviet medium bomber
to allow the factory to concentrate on building higher-priority Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft, but was restarted at the end of 1943 with new, fuel-efficient
Yermolayev_Yer-2
Norwegian ice hockey league season
Elite Prospects Source: [citation needed] Storhamar Ishockey - Strindheim IL 2:0 (10:1, 14:1)[citation needed] "Norway Standings 1983-84". Elite Prospects
1983–84 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season
1983–84_Norwegian_1._Divisjon_season
Japanese immunologist and Nobel laureate (born 1942)
structure. He succeeded in cDNA clonings of IL-4 and IL-5 cytokines involved in class switching and IL-2 receptor alpha chain in 1986, and went on further
Tasuku_Honjo
Medical condition
cytokine receptor sub-unit that is part of the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21. People with X-SCID often have infections very early in
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency
X-linked_severe_combined_immunodeficiency
travel, tourism, insurance
IL 2
IL 2
IL 2
IL 2
IL 2
IL 2
IL 2
IL 2
IL 2
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