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Tariff reductions within the British Empire and Commonwealth
Imperial Preference was a system of mutual tariff reduction enacted throughout the British Empire following the Ottawa Conference of 1932. As Commonwealth
Imperial_Preference
Canadian protectionist economic policy (1876–1950s)
imperial preference a convenient vehicle for reducing tariffs, as it appealed to the Empire-mindedness of Conservatives. Canadian imperial preference
National_Policy
Meeting of leaders of the British Empire and its colonies in London
Irish Home Rule and self-governance for India were also discussed. Imperial preference was raised but rejected by the British prime minister due to British
1907_Imperial_Conference
British politician (1836–1914)
resolution endorsing Imperial Preference. Chamberlain was confident his proposals were gathering popularity, and he brought imperial preference before the Cabinet
Joseph_Chamberlain
colonies, however, passed a resolution rejecting imperial free trade. A resolution in favour of imperial preference as proposed by Canada was approved and Chamberlain
1902_Colonial_Conference
Conference between nations in the Commonwealth
British Empire was also a key topic with proposals for a system of Imperial preference - empire-wide trade barriers against foreign (i.e. non-empire) goods
1930_Imperial_Conference
Sovereign states where Charles III is the head of state
protectionism and imperial preference, National Archives, retrieved 4 November 2015 National Archives 2015, Glossary "Imperial Preference", Encyclopædia
Commonwealth_realm
1932 meeting in Ottawa, Canada
but with high tariffs with the rest of the world. This was called "Imperial preference" or "Empire Free-Trade" on the principle of "home producers first
British Empire Economic Conference
British_Empire_Economic_Conference
Proposed unification of the British Empire
subsequent Imperial Conferences, proposals for Imperial preferential trade were rejected by the British Liberal governments due to their preference for international
Imperial_Federation
Defunct British political party
against goods from rival trade blocs), a more extreme version of Imperial Preference. Beaverbrook began enrolling members at the end of 1929, after concluding
Empire_Free_Trade_Crusade
Motor vehicle
Detroit. Chrysler Corporation of Canada, which before 1947 enjoyed "Imperial Preference" (reduced tariff barriers in British Empire markets) and did not
DeSoto_Diplomat
early to get a mandate for moving to a protectionist trade policy of imperial preference, but had lost their majority. In 1924, they reverted to free trade
1924 United Kingdom general election
1924_United_Kingdom_general_election
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
until 15 November 1932, when the Imperial Economic Conference at Ottawa would have agreed on a system of Imperial Preference. The Chancellor of the Exchequer
Import_Duties_Act_1932
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 1905
improved relations between the two states. He cautiously embraced imperial preference as championed by Joseph Chamberlain, but resignations from the Cabinet
Arthur_Balfour
Removal of trade barriers between member states of the Commonwealth of Nations
the Commonwealth of Nations. The idea has roots in the legacy of Imperial Preference, a system that fostered intra-Empire trade throughout the British
Commonwealth_free_trade
15th Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance; Great Depression; Imperial Preference; Statute of Westminster; Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission;
List of prime ministers of Canada
List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada
relatively free trade within the Empire, though the Imperial Preference was not as comprehensive as some preference systems such as the German Zollverein. The
Economy_of_the_British_Empire
Organization
this is why it was eventually abolished in 1933, as a system of imperial preference replaced free trade. During its brief existence, the Empire Marketing
Empire_Marketing_Board
British protectionist pressure group
what they considered to be unfair foreign imports and to advocate Imperial Preference to protect British industry from foreign competition. It was well
Tariff_Reform_League
System of measurements
The imperial system of units, imperial system or imperial units (also known as British Imperial or Exchequer Standards of 1826) is the system of units
Imperial_units
1933 treaty between Argentina and the United Kingdom
measures to protect the meat supply market in the Commonwealth. At the Imperial Preference negotiations in Ottawa, bowing to pressure, mainly from Australia
Roca–Runciman_Treaty
Cargo truck
significant number of vehicles for British Empire countries. Under the "Imperial Preference" scheme, those territories reduced import duties on Canadian products
Canadian Military Pattern truck
Canadian_Military_Pattern_truck
Parliament's dissolution in 1908. One of the key issues in the election was Imperial Preference. Note: * Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election
1904 Canadian federal election
1904_Canadian_federal_election
British politician (1887–1962)
advocate of Imperial Preference. When Beaverbrook claimed that the government of his native Canada wanted to keep the Imperial Preference system, Dalton
Hugh_Dalton
Russell, Ronald S. (1947). Imperial Preference. London: Empire Economic Union. Varian, Brian D. (November 2022). "Imperial preference before the Ottawa Agreements:
Economic history of New Zealand
Economic_history_of_New_Zealand
Type of card game originating in Austria
description is in an 1829 Austrian game anthology, Préférence quickly became popular in Imperial Russia as well. Via Yeralash, the suit order of Russian
Préférence
the British Crown. As a British colony, Nigeria benefited from 'Imperial Preference' – a tariff reduction granted by the United Kingdom to its colonies
Economy_of_Nigeria
Prime Minister of Canada from 1930 to 1935
largely ineffective. He was also unsuccessful in establishing an imperial preference free trade agreement. Over time, Bennett's government became increasingly
R._B._Bennett
British diplomat, historian, and writer (1892–1982)
proclaimed his opposition to free trade and announced in favour of Imperial Preference, Carr's father, to whom all tariffs were abhorrent, switched his
E._H._Carr
Aspect of United Kingdom history, 1918–1939
and urged thereto by the Imperial Conference of 1923, Mr. Baldwin decided to ask the country for a mandate for Preference and Protection. The result
Interwar_Britain
area; and the alleviation of Commonwealth trade restrictions and imperial preference; and the domestic policies of Commonwealth countries. This discussion
1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference
1952_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers'_Economic_Conference
Bilateral relations
ties were hindered by the Great Depression and the imposition of Imperial Preference, and the Perón regime nationalized many British-owned industries
Argentina–United Kingdom relations
Argentina–United_Kingdom_relations
Centre-right political party in Canada
into the twentieth century was that Conservatives were in favour of imperial preference (a protectionist system in which tariffs would be levied against
Conservative Party of Canada (1867)
Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867)
dangerous for British trade and industry and that what was needed was Imperial Preference. Soon afterwards, fellow Conservatives asked Croft to organise a
Reveille (British political group)
Reveille_(British_political_group)
Conservative Party leadership and allow him to introduce tariff reform and imperial preference as protectionist trade policies over the objections of the free trade
1923 United Kingdom general election
1923_United_Kingdom_general_election
UK accession to the ECSC, EEC and EAEC
establishment of a common external tariff would mean the end of the Imperial Preference system of trade within the British Empire and the Commonwealth of
Accession of the United Kingdom to the European Communities
Accession_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_European_Communities
British Empire unity advocacy group
supported free trade despite Milner and Leo Amery's support for imperial preference, and endorsed the White Australia policy, publishing material by
Round_Table_movement
Political party in the United Kingdom
states of the British Commonwealth." As such, it was an advocate for Imperial Preference. In 1916, the newspaper severely criticized Prime Minister Asquith
British_Workers_League
Economic Conference, held in Canada in July and August 1932, decided on Imperial Preference for scaling import duties on Empire dairy produce. The Irish Free
Dairy industry in the United Kingdom
Dairy_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom
1059 papal bull regarding papal election
would naturally be swayed by circumstances to give effect to the imperial preference. In the 1050s, Cardinal Hildebrand (the future Pope Gregory VII)
In_nomine_Domini
British trade organisation
and the 1970s. It was founded in opposition to the campaign for Imperial Preference which had been launched by Board of Trade chairman Joseph Chamberlain
Free_Trade_Union
1862 free trade agreement between the United Kingdom and Belgium
same footing as British goods was contrary to the new policy of Imperial Preference. This British "denunciation" was published in the Moniteur Belge
Anglo-Belgian Treaty of Commerce and Navigation
Anglo-Belgian_Treaty_of_Commerce_and_Navigation
American politician and diplomat (1871–1955)
cast Britain as the principal villain, arguing that the system of imperial preference tariffs established by the Ottawa Agreements in 1932 were the main
Cordell_Hull
Economic policy of restricting imports
Developmentalism Economic nationalism Globalization Government procurement Imperial Preference International trade Mercantilism Nationalization National Policy
Protectionism
Inheritance by the eldest, usually male, child
in the West since World War II, eliminate the preference for males over females (absolute male-preference primogeniture). Most monarchies in Europe have
Primogeniture
Sullivan, Emmett, "Revealing a Preference: Imperial Preference and the Australian Tariff, 1901-14," Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 29 (2001)
History of tariffs in Australia
History_of_tariffs_in_Australia
Joseon and Korean Empire royal family
the Provisional Government, the descendants of the imperial family continue to be given preference and constitute a favored symbol in South Korea. The
House_of_Yi
British politician
from 1918 to 1923 and from 1924 to 1935. He was a keen supporter of Imperial Preference. A backbencher, he introduced the Cotton Industry Acts of 1923, 1928
Gerald_Hurst_(politician)
British Conservative politician (1873–1955)
engagements between 1936 and 1938, many of them devoted to imperial topics, especially Imperial Preference. Amery distrusted the administration of US President
Leo_Amery
Defunct luxury automobile company
Ontario, by the Packard Motor Company of Canada to benefit from Imperial Preference as well as to build right-hand-drive cars for export. Production
Packard
Trick-taking game
Preferans (Russian: преферанс, IPA: [prʲɪfʲɪˈrans]) or Russian Preference is a 10-card plain-trick game with bidding, played by three or four players with
Preferans
American-born English politician
Northcliffe. Northcliffe and Garvin had a disagreement over the issue of Imperial Preference, and Northcliffe had given Garvin the option of finding a buyer for
Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor
Waldorf_Astor,_2nd_Viscount_Astor
British weekly newspaper
Northcliffe. Northcliffe and Garvin had a disagreement over the issue of Imperial Preference, and Northcliffe had given Garvin the option of finding a buyer for
The_Observer
Paloma Aguirre, mayor of Imperial Beach (2022–present), former member of the Imperial Beach city council (2018–2022) (Party preference: Democratic) John McCann
2025 San Diego County Board of Supervisors special election
2025_San_Diego_County_Board_of_Supervisors_special_election
Absence of government restriction on international trade
83.269 (1998): 47–65. Richard Toye, "The Attlee government, the imperial preference system and the creation of the GATT." English Historical Review 118
Free_trade
market, as Rhodesia was in a customs union with South Africa and had Imperial Preference in the British market. By the 1950s, Rhodesia was producing over
Tobacco_in_Zimbabwe
Irish politician, barrister and judge (1854–1935)
controlled by Unionist interests which supported Joseph Chamberlain's Imperial Preference views. The Cadbury family were Liberal supporters of free trade and
Edward_Carson
1947–1995 multilateral trade agreement
78–109. JSTOR 26922776 Toye, Richard. "The Attlee government, the imperial preference system and the creation of the GATT." English Historical Review 118
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade
to western Europe outstripped those to countries participating in Imperial Preference, and British investment in the EEC was greater than that going to
United Kingdom membership of the European Union
United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Union
1854–1866 UK-US economic treaty
Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement. Faced with the ending of British imperial preference when the British Corn Laws, tariffs on food imported to Britain,
Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty
Canadian–American_Reciprocity_Treaty
Navy of Japan between 1868 and 1945
The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's surrender in World War
Imperial_Japanese_Navy
English sportsman and author (1870–1907)
titled "The Little Loafer", which decries free trade and espouses imperial preference. This collaboration was also published as sheet music by Elkin &
Bertram_Fletcher_Robinson
Brand of vehicle produced by Vauxhall Motors
Canadian works. This enabled them to import vehicles into Britain under Imperial Preference, which favoured products from the British Empire as far as import
Bedford_Vehicles
By-election in the UK
main issue was tariff reform and Joseph Chamberlain's proposals for Imperial Preference. A factor which made the result of the by election difficult to predict
1903_Lewisham_by-election
restrictions take effect, from Smoot-Hawley in the United States and Imperial Preference in the British Empire. The Import Duties Act 1932 passed in the United
Timeline of the Great Depression
Timeline_of_the_Great_Depression
Aspect of British political history
within the coalition between those who supported Chamberlain and Imperial Preference, and those who opposed him in defence of the status quo and Free
History of the Conservative Party (UK)
History_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)
Prime Minister of Australia from 1923 to 1929
form of his long-sought imperial preference scheme that would give Australia greater access and competitiveness in imperial markets over five years,
Stanley_Bruce
Canadian novelist and British politician (1862–1932)
particularly by his energetic work on behalf of Tariff Reform and Imperial Preference. During World War I he organized British publicity toward the United
Sir Gilbert Parker, 1st Baronet
Sir_Gilbert_Parker,_1st_Baronet
British politician (1919–1996)
Empire" school. In 1948, Amery opposed GATT, arguing that it limited imperial preference. In late 1962 Amery made these comments after Egypt sent troops to
Julian_Amery
British Liberal Party politician (1890–1970)
from the government in protest at the Ottawa Conference introducing Imperial Preference. In the 1935 general election, Herbert Samuel lost his seat, and
Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso
Archibald_Sinclair,_1st_Viscount_Thurso
Harem of the Ottoman Sultan
The Ottoman Imperial Harem (Ottoman Turkish: حرم همايون, romanized: Harem-i Hümâyûn, lit. 'Imperial Harem') of the Ottoman Empire was the Ottoman sultan's
Ottoman_Imperial_Harem
Australian philanthropist and businessman
competition. The tariff on refrigerators was 75%, or under the system of Imperial Preference, 55% if made in one of the participating countries of the British
Edward_Hallstrom
August 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020. Wagle, Dileep M. (1981). "Imperial Preference and the Indian Steel Industry, 1924-39". The Economic History Review
Iron and steel industry in India
Iron_and_steel_industry_in_India
British politician (1864–1937)
proposing a programme of high spending on public works and autarkic Imperial Preference to combat unemployment. The government eventually collapsed over
Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden
Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden
Defunct political party in the United Kingdom
have been disbanded in the late 1940s. Empire Free Trade Crusade Imperial Preference F. W. S. Craig, Minor Parties at British Parliamentary Elections
Agricultural_Party
certain duties of customs and otherwise, to make further provision for Imperial preference, and for purposes consequential on and connected with the matters
List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1932
List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1932
Species of bird
539 g (1.188 lb). In the Saurashtra region of India, imperial eagles were observed to show a preference for hunting diving water birds, including Eurasian
Eastern_imperial_eagle
Process of diminishing global interdependence
Tariff Act (1930) in the US, led to high tariffs on imports, and the Imperial Preference System in the UK, promoted trade within the British Empire. As a
Deglobalization
British politician (1874–1949)
Oswald Mosley proposing public works programmes and the expansion of Imperial Preference into an autarkic trade bloc to resolve interwar unemployment and
J._H._Thomas
Discussion about changing the Japanese throne's laws of succession
were of Imperial blood and a member of the Imperial family. A matrilineal emperor was theoretically possible. However, in practice, preference was given
Japanese imperial succession debate
Japanese_imperial_succession_debate
27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
different imperial courts in the Greek East and Latin West. Constantine the Great (r. 306–337), the first Christian emperor, moved the imperial seat from
Roman_Empire
Lower Canada banker and politician
politician in Montreal. However, in 1849, following the repeal of the imperial preference law and its effect on Canadian exports, Holmes signed the Montreal
Benjamin Holmes (Canadian politician)
Benjamin_Holmes_(Canadian_politician)
British politician (1881–1947)
the House of Commons he was a prominent advocate of food taxation, Imperial Preference and as a supporter of Ulster against Home Rule. Croft was with Viscount
Henry Page Croft, 1st Baron Croft
Henry_Page_Croft,_1st_Baron_Croft
"Britain and the creation of the Commonwealth Secretariat". Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 28 (1): 135–158. doi:10.1080/03086530008583082
Timeline of the Commonwealth of Nations
Timeline_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations
British protectorate from 1907 to 1964
from United States Virginia required a rebate of import duty under Imperial Preference to assist Nyasaland growers. Much of the tobacco produced by the
Nyasaland
English journalist and writer (1865–1940)
issue. Churchill decided to oppose Imperial preference and support free trade under the grounds that Imperial preference would mean higher food prices for
Herbert_Vivian
Canadian soldier and politician (1853–1921)
policy of Imperial Preference, but unlike Chamberlain, he insisted that Imperial Preference be tied to "equal partnership" with an Imperial cabinet of
Sam_Hughes
British subsidiary of Ford Motor Company
time. The original 1928 plan was for Canada, having the benefit of Imperial Preference tariffs, to manufacture components for Ford assembly plants in the
Ford_of_Britain
Customary unit of length
The foot (standard symbol: ft) is a unit of length in the British imperial and United States customary systems of measurement. The prime symbol, ′, is
Foot_(unit)
British politician (1902–1945)
left the National Government, led by Ramsay MacDonald, over the Imperial Preference-versus-Free Trade issue in November 1933, Bernays (along with three
Robert_Bernays
Prime Minister of Australia from 1967 to 1968
as Australia sought new markets outside the existing framework of Imperial Preference. McEwen first put forward a cabinet proposal to enter into trade
John_McEwen
British writer
Train" (December 1911) "The Lesson the Ants Taught" (February 1912) "Imperial Preference" (March 1912) "A Sleeping Partner" (April 1912) "The Eavesdropper"
Fred_M._White
Title of the ruling monarch of Japan since 660 BC
who thus received preference in the imperial marriage-market. The reality behind such marriages was an alliance between an imperial prince and a Fujiwara
Emperor_of_Japan
whether it was due to a weakening stance with the Empire or the imperial preference for the monasteries, but it is clear that the von Wurz family began
Wurzer_family
British newspaper proprietor (1868–1940)
Beaverbrook was more interested in promoting a protectionist policy of imperial preference for the British empire as the best way of resolving the Great Depression
Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere
Harold_Harmsworth,_1st_Viscount_Rothermere
Australian farmer and economic adviser
market. At this point, McDougall was engaged in the workings of Imperial Preference. Later, he considered that trade barriers and overproduction were
Frank_Lidgett_McDougall
British journalist and fascist (1899–1973)
global money-power conspiracy, mainly thanks to their system of Imperial preference. The book received damning reviews in the mainstream media, but it
A._K._Chesterton
Businessman and politician in Lower Canada
Corn Laws, including the Canada Corn Act 1843, thereby ending an imperial preference for Canadian grain products. The repeal had a serious effect on the
George Moffatt (Canada East politician)
George_Moffatt_(Canada_East_politician)
U.S. presidential administration from 1825 to 1829
but U.S. leaders continued to seek an end to Britain's protective Imperial Preference system. In 1825, Britain banned U.S. trade with the British West
Presidency of John Quincy Adams
Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
at the time as a blow to Canada by abolition of the (effective) imperial preference the act had created; the impact of the repeal to grain exports in
Canada_Corn_Act_1843
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance