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American philosopher
Jonathan Moshe Schaffer is an American philosopher specializing in metaphysics and also working in epistemology, mind, and language. He is best known
Jonathan_Schaffer
Name list
professor Jonathan Schaffer, American philosopher Jonathan Schanzer, American author, executive director Jonathan Schauer (born 2005), German diver Jonathan Schell
Jonathan_(name)
Metaphysical dependence relation between facts or entities
grounding was catalyzed by the work of Gideon Rosen, Kit Fine, and Jonathan Schaffer in the early 21st century. These philosophers positioned grounding
Metaphysical_grounding
Surname list
after 1880), the additional alternative spelling "Schäffer", and the anglicised forms "Schaeffer", "Schaffer", "Shaffer", "Shafer", and "Schafer" are all common
Schaefer
Epistemological theory
contrast theory of meaning, is an epistemological theory proposed by Jonathan Schaffer that suggests that knowledge attributions have a ternary structure
Contrastivism
Philosophical view that everything in reality is ultimately one kind of thing
extended use, the term is "systematically ambiguous". According to Jonathan Schaffer, monism lost popularity due to the emergence of analytic philosophy
Monism
Canadian metaphysician
Philosophical Association (APA), has awarded the 2014 Lebowitz Prizes to Jonathan Schaffer (Rutgers) and Jessica Wilson (The University of Toronto) for Philosophical
Jessica_Wilson
Tendency of a person to act in a specified way
Contemporary proponents, including David Lewis, David Malet Armstrong, and Jonathan Schaffer, continue in a neo-Human, empiricist tradition that argues for categorical
Disposition
Philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle
Rosalind Hursthouse, On Virtue Ethics, Oxford University Press, 1999. Jonathan Schaffer (2009). "On What Grounds What Metametaphysics" (PDF). In Chalmers;
Aristotelianism
Object(s) postulated to exist by a given language
are needed to make it true. However, this view has been attacked by Jonathan Schaffer, who has argued that truthmaking is not an adequate test for ontological
Ontological_commitment
Rutgers University University of South Carolina Notable students Jonathan Schaffer Main interests Philosophy of science Philosophy of physics Metaphysics
Barry_Loewer
American philosopher of science (born 1958)
(2010) “Can the World Be Only Wavefunction?” in Many Worlds?, edited by Jonathan Barrett, Adrian Kent, Simon Saunders and David Wallace, Oxford University
Tim_Maudlin
Study of the field of ontology
fundamental because they depend on substances for their existence. Jonathan Schaffer's priority monism is a more recent form of neo-Aristotelian ontology
Meta-ontology
Subject of inquiry in philosophy and linguistics
alternative to contextualism called contrastivism has been proposed by Jonathan Schaffer. Contrastivism, like contextualism, uses semantic approaches to tackle
Contextualism
School of thought in epistemology
The University of Minnesota Press. p. vii. ISBN 978-0-8166-4763-7. Jonathan Schaffer (2009). "Chapter 12: On what grounds what" (PDF). In David Chalmers;
Epistemological_pluralism
Belief that only natural laws and forces operate in the universe
Devitt, Fred Dretske, Paul and Patricia Churchland, Mario Bunge, Jonathan Schaffer, Hilary Kornblith, Leonard Olson, Quentin Smith, Paul Draper and Michael
Naturalism_(philosophy)
Natural philosophy holding that the world comprises fundamental indivisible components
the Seventeenth Century at the Dictionary of the History of Ideas Jonathan Schaffer, "Is There a Fundamental Level?" Nous 37 (2003): 498–517. By a philosopher
Atomism
Mountain in Argentina
Arkadiy Seregi John Henry (North Face) – 2015 – Crystal Davis-Robbins, Jonathan Schaffer Invisible Line (North Face) – 2015 – Michal Brunner, Jindrich Hudecek
Aguja_Poincenot
1954) Richard Schacht (born 1941)[b][c] Francis Schaeffer (1912–1984) Jonathan Schaffer Kenneth F. Schaffner (born 1939) James V. Schall (1928–2019) Israel
List of philosophers born in the 20th century
List_of_philosophers_born_in_the_20th_century
Mountain in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina
Schaefer, Kate Rutherford Davis Robbins-Schaffer (West Face) – 2015 – Crystal Davis-Robbins, Jonathan Schaffer According to the Köppen climate classification
Aguja_Rafael_Juárez
Concept in ontology
The more 'fundamental' model is, for such engineering, superfluous. Jonathan Schaffer (2009). "Chapter 12: On what grounds what" (PDF). In David Chalmers;
Internal–external_distinction
Silver coin of the Russian Empire
first printed description was published only in 1886 - Kalinin, p.1. Jonathan Schaffer (2009, November 29). Smithsonian Rare Russian Coin Collection Seeks
Constantine_ruble
2020 American comedy streaming television series
The series was created by Greg Schaffer who was also expected to executive produce alongside Jeff Schaffer, Jonathan Stern, and Keith Quinn. The series
Brews_Brothers
American filmmaker, comedian and musician (born 1977)
group The Lonely Island with his childhood friends Andy Samberg and Akiva Schaffer. In 2010, Taccone co-wrote and directed the SNL spinoff film MacGruber
Jorma_Taccone
American model and actress (1967–1989)
she was pronounced dead 30 minutes after her arrival. Schaeffer's agent Jonathan Howard came to her apartment in the afternoon to check on her ahead of
Rebecca_Schaeffer
Mountain in the state of California
Croft, Greg Epperson, Brandon Thau - (2012) Val Kilmer - class 5.11 - Jonathan Schaffer, Timothy Gibson - (2013) According to the Köppen climate classification
Angel_Wings_(California)
American philosopher (born 1948)
probably the leading, and perhaps the only, existence monists. — Jonathan Schaffer, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Monism In metaphysics
Terence_Horgan
American sports agent and lawyer (born 1962)
Peter Schaffer (born 1962) is an American sports agent and lawyer who represents players in the National Football League, Major League Baseball, PGA Tour
Peter_Schaffer_(sports_agent)
2007 film by Akiva Schaffer
Hot Rod is a 2007 American comedy film directed by Akiva Schaffer (in his directorial debut) and written by Pam Brady. The film stars Andy Samberg (in
Hot_Rod_(2007_film)
American actor, comedian, and musician (born 1978)
comedy music group the Lonely Island, along with childhood friends Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone. Samberg was also a cast member and writer for the NBC
Andy_Samberg
2004 film by Jeff Schaffer
EuroTrip is a 2004 teen sex comedy film directed by Jeff Schaffer, from a screenplay he wrote with Alec Berg and David Mandel. The film was produced by
EuroTrip
American actor (1911–2002)
September 16, 2002) was an American character actor who played roles such as Schaffer in Al Capone (1959), the McCarthy-like Sen. John Iselin in The Manchurian
James_Gregory_(actor)
German black metal band
2026. Schaffer, Florian (2 September 2021). "GROZA: The Redemptive End". Vampster (review) (in German). Retrieved 8 February 2026. Pichard, Jonathan (22
Groza_(band)
Private college in Schenectady, New York, US
on its south wall, flanked by portraits of college presidents. Schaffer Library: Schaffer Library, erected in 1961, was the first building constructed at
Union_College
American political aide (born 1991)
trunk to accompany him". CNN. Retrieved August 19, 2026. Zakrzewski, Cat; Schaffer, Aaron (September 9, 2026). "Trump gave $45,000 cash gifts to Natalie Harp
Natalie_Harp
2025. "Washington Post-Schar School Poll" (PDF). Retrieved June 9, 2026. Schaffer, Michael (May 20, 2026). "City Cast DC Poll: Lewis George Leads for Mayor;
2026 Washington, D.C., mayoral election
2026_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election
American politician (born 1986)
the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2022. Weisman, Jonathan (June 22, 2022). "In Boebert's District, as Elsewhere, Democrats Surge
Lauren_Boebert
Governor of Pennsylvania since 2023
original on November 25, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2021. Lai, Jonathan; Tamari, Jonathan (July 15, 2021). "Pa. Gov. Tom Wolf says he won't endorse anyone
Josh_Shapiro
2018 film by Brad Bird
the first film, with Huck Milner, Bob Odenkirk, Catherine Keener, and Jonathan Banks joining the cast. The film follows the Incredibles as they try to
Incredibles_2
American artificial intelligence company
Archived from the original on June 29, 2026. Retrieved August 16, 2026. Schaffer, Aaron; Oremus, Will; Tiku, Nitasha (January 27, 2026). "Inside an AI start-up's
Anthropic
2001 live-action/animated film
Murphy as the zookeeper superintendent Jack McCullough as a zookeeper Jonathan Evans-Jones (uncredited) as a violinist cell who reprises his role from
Osmosis_Jones
Under-construction expansion to the White House
The New York Times. Retrieved November 1, 2025. O'Connell, Jonathan; Blaskey, Sarah; Schaffer, Aaron (October 15, 2026). "Secret documents reveal donors
White_House_State_Ballroom
2009 studio album by The Lonely Island
Records. Composed of writers and childhood best friends Andy Samberg, Akiva Schaffer, and Jorma Taccone, the album consists of hip hop-inspired comedy songs
Incredibad
Surname list
is a variant of Schaefer, from German word schäfer ("shepherd") and of Schaffer, from a noun (meaning steward or bailiff) derived from Middle High German
Schaeffer
Election of Joe Biden
the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020. Lemire, Jonathan; Miller, Zeke; Weissert, Will (November 8, 2020). "Biden wins White House
2020 United States presidential election
2020_United_States_presidential_election
American freelance journalist kidnapped in Syria (born 1981)
Retrieved June 15, 2025. Nakashima, Ellen; Mekhennet, Souad; Slater, Joanna; Schaffer, Aaron (June 15, 2025). "Former Syrian official claims Assad gave order
Austin_Tice
2011 film by John Lasseter
Eddie Izzard Cinematography Jeremy Lasky Sharon Calahan Edited by Stephen Schaffer Music by Michael Giacchino Production company Pixar Animation Studios Distributed
Cars_2
American entrepreneur (born 1963)
The New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2025. O'Connell, Jonathan; Blaskey, Sarah; Schaffer, Aaron (October 15, 2026). "Secret documents reveal donors
David_Baszucki
American law enforcement officer (born 1961)
original on May 29, 2025. Retrieved May 29, 2025. MacMillan, Douglas; Schaffer, Aaron (May 27, 2025). "Trump's border czar earned consulting fees from
Tom_Homan
2009 American film
individual. Matt O'Leary as Brandon O'Leary Marshall Allman as Mike Grossman Jonathan Halyalkar as Eric Singh Sam Murphy as Bo Aznabev Ross Britz as Kyle Castranovo
Anytown_(film)
2020 film by Kris Rey
Jordan Yale Levine Jordan Beckerman Jonathan Duffy Kelly Williams Andy Samberg Jorma Taccone Becky Sloviter Akiva Schaffer Starring Gillian Jacobs Josh Wiggins
I_Used_to_Go_Here
Canadian-American filmmaker and actor (born 1968)
Stiller, Vince Vaughn, Jonah Hill comedy The Watch (directed by Akiva Schaffer), Levy's comedy The Internship (2013), Night at the Museum: Secret of the
Shawn_Levy
Canadian-American cinematographer
Marshall Thurber, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, John Francis Daley, and Jonathan Goldstein. In television, Peterson worked on the pilot episodes of the
Barry Peterson (cinematographer)
Barry_Peterson_(cinematographer)
House elections for the 108th U.S. Congress
Horn retired when redistricted from the 38th district. Colorado 4: Bob Schaffer retired. Florida 13: Dan Miller retired. Georgia 3: Saxby Chambliss retired
2002 United States House of Representatives elections
2002_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
2023 film by Peter Sohn
Immigration Official. His name tag reveals his name to be C. C. Stump. Jonathan Adams as Flarry, one of the customers at the Fireplace. Alex Kapp as: customer
Elemental_(2023_film)
Portuguese football manager (born 1963)
defender, in midfield, sitting deep, and won the game with 28% possession. — Jonathan Wilson writing for The Guardian: "José Mourinho, the anti-Barcelona, stands
José_Mourinho
American known for the Kenosha unrest shooting (born 2003)
the panel consisted of Rittenhouse, Charlie Kirk, Jack Posobiec, Elijah Schaffer, and Drew Hernandez. During the panel, Rittenhouse said, "I think my trial
Kyle_Rittenhouse
Venezuelan banker (born 1971)
una Gobernadora que toma las riendas de la isla". 23 July 2020. Schaffer, Jonathan O'Connell, Sarah Blaskey, Aaron. "Secret documents reveal donors behind
Julio_Herrera_Velutini
2021 US presidential impeachment
political purposes". George Washington University Law School professor Jonathan Turley wrote an op-ed in The Hill in which he argued that this new impeachment
Second impeachment of Donald Trump
Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump
Governor-elect of the US Virgin Islands (born 1966)
molester Jeffrey Epstein". CNBC. Retrieved August 1, 2023. Wang, Amy B.; Schaffer, Aaron; Vazquez, Maegan (November 14, 2025). "Epstein appeared to text
Stacey_Plaskett
American political advisor (born 1972)
million to cover top lawyer's legal work". Politico. Retrieved July 3, 2026. Schaffer, Michael (September 13, 2024). "After Project 2025, Knives Are Out for
Brooke_Rollins
Private law school in Albany, New York, US
J.D./M.R.P., J.D./M.S., and J.D./M.S.W. programs. Albany Law School's Schaffer Law Library holds a collection of more than 730,000 volumes and equivalents
Albany_Law_School
English actor and comedian (born 1971)
or prejudiced comments his characters have made. HBO spokesman Quentin Schaffer replied to the criticism and said, "Through his alter-egos, [Baron Cohen]
Sacha_Baron_Cohen
Season of television series
was also the final season for longtime writer/Lonely Island member Akiva Schaffer (a role he had been in since 2005), as he left the show, after six years
Saturday_Night_Live_season_36
Totality of existing entities
Schaffer, Jonathan (2010). "Monism: The Priority of the Whole". The Philosophical Review. 119 (1): 31–76. doi:10.1215/00318108-2009-025. Schaffer, Jonathan
Reality
Country in North America
the original on 15 May 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2013. Parsons, Alan; Jonathan Schaffer (May 2004). Geopolitics of oil and natural gas. Economic Perspectives
Mexico
American actor
1995 If Not for You Gary Schaffer Episode: "Pilot" 1995 JAG Lt. Jack 'Ripper' Carter 2 episodes 1995 The Marshal Deputy Jonathan Tucker Episode: "Land of
Matthew_Glave
American far-right political activist (born 1998)
this period were those of Glenn Greenwald, Joel Webbon, Tim Pool, Elijah Schaffer, Jake Shields, Steven Crowder, Clavicular and Keith Woods, and other manosphere
Nick_Fuentes
Video shorts
exploded following the addition of the Lonely Island (Jorma Taccone, Akiva Schaffer, and Andy Samberg) to the show, and it is to them that credit is given
SNL_Digital_Short
Paramount With Liam Neeson In Talks To Star And 'Lonely Island's Akiva Schaffer Directing". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 13, 2022. Matt Donnelly
List of Paramount Pictures films (2020–2029)
List_of_Paramount_Pictures_films_(2020–2029)
President of the United States from 1861 to 1865
original on May 18, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2025. Donald 1996, p. 589. Schaffer 1999, p. 48. Diamant & Carr 2022, pp. 54–55. Weisman 2002, pp. 27–28. Weisman
Abraham_Lincoln
American comedian, writer and actor (born 1947)
co-written and executive produced by David and longtime collaborator Jeff Schaffer, who will also direct. The series is produced in collaboration with Barack
Larry_David
Governor of New Hampshire since 2025
com/boston/news/ice-detention-center-facility-merrimack-new-hampshire/ Schaffer, Janet. "Letter: Open letter to Governor Ayotte". Concord Monitor. Published
Kelly_Ayotte
David, David Mandel, Jeff Schaffer) 2017: Best Writing - Comedy Series (Larry David, Jon Hayman, Justin Hurwitz, Jeff Schaffer) 2020: Best Writing - Comedy
List of awards and nominations received by Curb Your Enthusiasm
List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Curb_Your_Enthusiasm
American politician (born 1985)
Jonathan Derrick Evans (born April 2, 1985) is an American politician who was a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 19th district from
Derrick_Evans_(politician)
2023 short film by Dan Abraham and Trent Correy
Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers, a 2022 Emmy Award-winning film by Akiva Schaffer based on the 1989 animated series of the same name and featuring pop cultural
Once_Upon_a_Studio
1988 film by Hayao Miyazaki
original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2008. I D S Oliveira; S Schaffer; P V Kvartalnov; E A Galoyan; I V Palko; A Weck-Heimann; P Geissler; H
My_Neighbor_Totoro
Catholic school in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Mrabure-Ajufo - Canadian Football League professional football player Kian Schaffer-Baker, Canadian Football League professional football player Aaron Solowoniuk
Our Lady of Mount Carmel Secondary School
Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel_Secondary_School
original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2020. Beecher Field, Jonathan (October 25, 2017). "So THAT Happened: Art History Professor Clint Eastwood
Clint_Eastwood_filmography
Island in the Bahamas
Jason E.; Hopkins, Rachel J. A.; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Carr, Robert S.; Schaffer, William C.; Day, Jane S.; Hoogland, Menno; Salas, Antonio; Bustamante
Eleuthera
Jeannie's help, Tony is set to win the game, but this time Jeannie makes Gen. Schaffer yelp, causing Tony to miss the winning shot. 135 22 "Eternally Yours, Jeannie"
List of I Dream of Jeannie episodes
List_of_I_Dream_of_Jeannie_episodes
2024 Marvel Studios television miniseries
between Agatha and Rio in particular has gained notable fan attention, with Schaffer confirming that they were "married in some witchy way". In addition to
Agatha_All_Along
1996 American film by Cameron Crowe
happened without 'Jerry,' but definitely not as fast as it did," noted Peter Schaffer, who has been a sports agent since 1988. In June 2008, AFI revealed its
Jerry_Maguire
2024. Fleming Jr, Mike (March 24, 2026). "Disney Stepsisters Movie: Akiva Schaffer, Dan Gregor & Doug Mand Board". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 24
List of Walt Disney Studios films (2020–2029)
List_of_Walt_Disney_Studios_films_(2020–2029)
1897 novel by Bram Stoker
Auerbach & Skal 1997, p. 52. Miller 2005a, pp. 167–168. Schaffer 1994, pp. 381–381. Schaffer 1994, p. 381. Glover 1996, p. 1. Hindle 1993, pp. xxiii–xxx
Dracula
2000 American TV series or program
Nick Delacroix Taraji P. Henson as Paige Aimée Castle as Courtney Mandy Schaffer as Hillary Victoria Sanchez as Lisa Bagley Kate Jackson as The Dean Irene
Satan's School for Girls (2000 film)
Satan's_School_for_Girls_(2000_film)
Species of fruit tree
Food Chemistry 66, no. 14 (2018): 3706–3712. PubMed Andersen, Peter A.; Schaffer, Bruce (1994). Handbook of environmental physiology of fruit crops. Boca
Lychee
Disney and Pixar media franchise
Isabella Rossellini would voice new characters Voyd and The Ambassador, while Jonathan Banks would voice Rick Dicker, after the character's original voice actor
The_Incredibles_(franchise)
American conspiracy theory and political movement
February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022. Brooks, Anthony; Chang, Jonathan (July 13, 2022). "The history of far-right populism, from the John Birch
QAnon
2025 American television special
Roots Gena Rositano Paul Rudd Maya Rudolph Andy Samberg Adam Sandler Akiva Schaffer Paul Shaffer Molly Shannon Al Sharpton Sarah Sherman Martin Short Paul
Saturday Night Live 50th Anniversary Special
Saturday_Night_Live_50th_Anniversary_Special
War film by Terrence Malick
Red Line (1998 Movie) Samples". Whosampled. Retrieved November 25, 2024. Schaffer, Bill (July 2000). "The Shape of Fear: Thoughts after The Thin Red Line"
The_Thin_Red_Line_(1998_film)
Clemency proclamation issued by Donald Trump
misdemeanor harassment charge, for which he will be sentenced in April 2026. Jonathan Munafo was arrested in Richmond, Virginia, in March 2026 for allegedly
Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants
Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants
American politician and lawyer (born 1975)
Cassidy Kirkpatrick Hensel McCormick Elkin Carson M. H. Todd Bell Brown Schaffer Alter Woodruff Baldrige Woods Schnader Margiotti Bard Reno Shockley Duff
Dave_Sunday_(politician)
American animated sitcom
Awards Outstanding Directing in an Animated Program Kyle Marshall Lisa Schaffer Nominated Outstanding Writing in an Animated Program Eric Acosta Sammie
The_Loud_House
American television writer and producer
Trans-Inclusive Series". The Hollywood Reporter. July 11, 2018. Van Meter, Jonathan (September 18, 2012), "Ryan Murphy's Hope: Is America Ready for The New
Ryan_Murphy_(producer)
Video game and media franchise
Milici, Lauren (May 20, 2022). "Chip 'N Dale: Rescue Rangers director Akiva Schaffer talks that very ugly cameo". GamesRadar. Retrieved May 20, 2022. McCarthy
Sonic_the_Hedgehog
2017 film by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg
2018. He is also being eyed to helm a potential sixth Pirates movie. Schaffer, Sandy (August 6, 2018). "Disney Is Still Developing Pirates of the Caribbean
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales
Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Men_Tell_No_Tales
Mayor of the District of Columbia since 2015
(editorial). The Washington Post. March 18, 2012. p. A20. ProQuest 929132335. Schaffer, Michael (March 21, 2012). "Vote This Way on April 3!". Washington City
Muriel_Bowser
American politician (born 1954)
Standing Rock". EcoWatch. Archived October 20, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Schaffer, Grayson (August 30, 2016). "Chile's Best Whitewater Rivers Won't Be Damned
Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.
Annual microbial and biochemical technology award
Swartz 2019: Kelvin Lee 2018: Huimin Zhou 2017: Wilfred Chen 2016: David Schaffer 2015: Michael Betenbaugh 2014: William Bentley 2013: Jay Keasling 2012:
Marvin_J._Johnson_Award
travel, tourism, insurance
JONATHAN SCHAFFER
JONATHAN SCHAFFER
JONATHAN SCHAFFER
JONATHAN SCHAFFER
JONATHAN SCHAFFER
JONATHAN SCHAFFER
JONATHAN SCHAFFER
JONATHAN SCHAFFER
JONATHAN SCHAFFER
travel, tourism, insurance