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Judaism's views on warfare
Normative Judaism's views on warfare are defined by restraint that is neither guided by avidness for belligerence nor is it categorically pacifist. Traditionally
Judaism_and_warfare
Biblical Hebrew term
historical events. Anathema Consecration Judaism and violence Judaism and war War of annihilation Israel Drazin, Maimonides and the Biblical Prophets, Gefen Publishing
Herem_(war_or_property)
One of three types of war in Jewish law
killing and being killed in accordance with the nature of the world." Judaism portal Law portal Armed conflict Declaration of war Judaism and warfare Jus
Mandatory_war
peacefulness and compassion are paramount in Judaism, Judaism also contains a number of doctrines which eschew violence. However, while Judaism condemns normative
Judaism_and_peace
War by commandment
Press: 54. JSTOR 23645226. Posner, Menachem. "Biblical Guidelines for Warfare - How Jews Fight". www.chabad.org. Retrieved 2026-03-13. Maimonides, Mishneh
Milkhemet_Mitzvah
Ancient symbolic ritual
conquerors. It originated as a curse on re-inhabitation in the ancient Near East and became a well-established folkloric motif in the Middle Ages. The best-known
Salting_the_earth
c. AD 75 book by Flavius Josephus
Nevertheless, the work expresses sympathy for Jewish suffering and defends Judaism to a Greco-Roman readership. As the only extensive eyewitness narrative
The_Jewish_War
One of three types of war in Jewish law
Sabbath-day, and is withal tantamount to a religious war. Judaism portal Law portal Armed conflict Declaration of war Hegemony Judaism and warfare Jus ad bellum
Voluntary_war
Biblical concept
adopt the Jewish religion and is immersed in a mikveh. If she does not wish to convert to Judaism, she must be sent free and not sold as a slave. Rabbinic
Beautiful_captive_woman
Topics referred to by the same term
Jewish War can refer to: The First Jewish–Roman War of 66–73 AD (see also Jewish–Roman wars) The Jewish War, book about the war by the 1st-century Jewish
Jewish_War
The following is a timeline of events in ancient Israel and Judah during the Iron Age. 1208 BCE The creation of the Merneptah Stele (also known as the
Timeline of ancient Israel and Judah
Timeline_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah
Province of the Neo-Babylonian Empire
the Exile. History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel Lester L. Grabbe, A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period - Vol
Yehud_(Babylonian_province)
Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant
Israel and Judah, which was ruled by the House of Saul and then by the House of David. However, upon the death of Solomon, who was the son and successor
Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)
Savior and liberator of the Jewish people
Israel through nonviolence. The concept of messianism originated in Judaism, and in the Hebrew Bible a messiah is a king or High Priest of Israel traditionally
Messiah_in_Judaism
Client state of the Roman Republic from 37 to 4 BCE
of Judea, Idumea, Samaria, and Galilee, as well as several regions east of the Jordan River—Perea, Batanaea, Auranitis, and Trachonitis. The first intervention
Herodian_kingdom
returnees, and the Second Temple was finished around 516 BCE. Second Temple Judaism was centered around the religious leadership of the Second Temple, and lasted
Timeline of the Second Temple period
Timeline_of_the_Second_Temple_period
comprising the: Israeli Army Israeli Air Force Israeli Sea Corps Judaism and warfare Shaw, Ian, ed. (2003). The Oxford history of ancient Egypt. Oxford:
Jewish_military_history
Area of the Southern Levant
biblical boundaries are "entirely fictitious", and bore simply religious connotations in Diaspora Judaism, with the term only coming into ascendency with
Land_of_Israel
1948 establishment of a Jewish state
"catastrophe", marking the mass displacements of Palestinians and the loss of homes and lands, and commemorate it annually on 15 May as Nakba Day. The idea
Israeli Declaration of Independence
Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence
Hypothesized Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant
at most. Judaism Greater Israel History of ancient Israel and Judah Historicity of the Bible Chronology of the Bible List of Jewish states and dynasties
Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)
History of the State of Israel since its independence
seats and formed a right-wing coalition government with Kulanu (10), The Jewish Home (8), and Orthodox parties Shas (7) and United Torah Judaism (6), the
History of Israel (1948–present)
History_of_Israel_(1948–present)
Province of the Roman Empire (6–135 AD)
Looking Out: Jews and Non-Jews in Mutual Contemplation. Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism. Vol. 212. Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 15–37
Judaea_(Roman_province)
Iron Age population expansion in the Southern Levant
with Israel Finkelstein). Albright Institute of Archaeological Research. Portals: History Judaism 32°3′N 35°17′E / 32.050°N 35.283°E / 32.050; 35.283
Israelite_highland_settlement
Period in Jewish history, c. 516 BCE–70 CE
mother-city and temple necessitated a reshaping of Jewish culture to ensure its survival. Judaism's Temple-based sects disappeared. Rabbinic Judaism, centered
Second_Temple_period
Period of economic crisis (1949–1959)
a policy of domestic austerity from 1949 to 1959. It included rationing and other emergency measures to weather the economic crisis in the early days
Austerity_in_Israel
Jewish kingdom in the southern Levant (140–37 BC)
Ancient Judaism. 12 (2): 217–280. doi:10.30965/21967954-12340022. ISSN 1869-3296. Schwartz, Daniel R. (2021). "Judea versus Judaism: Between 1 and 2 Maccabees
Hasmonean_Judea
Governing entity in Judea (66 CE–68 CE)
support to it, dispatching significant supplies and some 500 armed men in support. History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel "Silver Shekel from
Judean_provisional_government
Assyrian province (c. 722 – c. 609 BCE)
Frahm 2017, p. 181. Elayi 2017, p. 48. Dalley, Stephanie (2017). "Assyrian Warfare". In E. Frahm (ed.). A Companion to Assyria. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons
Samerina
31st chapter of the Book of Numbers
Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), a sacred text in Judaism and Christianity. Scholars such as Israel Knohl and Dennis T. Olson name this chapter the War against
Numbers_31
Territory inhabited by the Philistines in Canaan
Warfare and the Catastrophe Ca. 1200 B.C., Princeton University Press, pp. 48–72, ISBN 978-0-69102591-9 Killebrew, Ann (2005), Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity:
Philistia
Judaism's doctrines and texts have sometimes been associated with violence or anti-violence. Laws requiring the eradication of evil, sometimes using violent
Judaism_and_violence
1982 political article published in Israel
quarterly periodical dedicated to the study of Judaism and Zionism which appeared between 1978 and 1987, and was published by the World Zionist Organization's
Yinon_Plan
Royal dynasty of Idumaean (Edomite) descent
conquered Edom (Idumea) and forced the Edomites to convert to Judaism. The Edomites were gradually integrated into the Judean nation, and some of them reached
Herodian_dynasty
Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant
people of Judah survived, eventually becoming known as the Jews and giving their name to Judaism, the religion of Yahweh, the Israelite God. Legacy: a Genetic
Kingdom_of_Judah
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Wikipedia articles available about the 2026 Iran war. It is an evolving list
Outline_of_the_2026_Iran_war
Province of the Roman Empire (135–357 CE)
Jewish leaders retained broad discretion over affairs within Judaism. During the 1st and 2nd centuries, Judaea became the epicenter of a series of unsuccessful
Syria_Palaestina
Province of the Achaemenid Empire
"Judaism, the first phase: the place of Ezra and Nehemiah in the origins of Judaism" (Eerdmans, 2009) Grabbe, Lester L., "A history of the Jews and Judaism
Yehud_(Persian_province)
Index of lists with the same name
Arab–Israeli conflict Iran–Israel proxy conflict By topic Demographics Judaism Leaders Warfare Zionism Jerusalem Related Jewish history Hebrew calendar Archaeology
List_of_years_in_Israel
Hebrew ethno-religious group in Canaan during the Iron Age
Ephraim, Manasseh, and partially Levi. Furthermore, Judaism and Samaritanism are fundamentally rooted in Israelite religious and cultural traditions
Israelites
District of the province of Bilad al-Sham
district of Palestine") was one of the military districts of the Umayyad and Abbasid province of Bilad al-Sham (Levant), organized soon after the Muslim
Jund_Filastin
History of Palestine from the time of Alexander the Great until the Romans
evidence places it later (between 112 and 108 BCE). Idumeans were given a choice between conversion to Judaism, including obligatory circumcision, or
Hellenistic_Palestine
Near Eastern civilization during the Iron Age
supernatural beings. Some scholars attribute the concept of angels and demons found in Judaism and Christianity to the tradition of henotheism. Instead of completely
Ancient_Israel_and_Judah
Division of Herod the Great's kingdom
kingdom was divided between Herod's sister Salome I and his sons Herod Archelaus, Herod Antipas, and Philip. Upon the deposition of Herod Archelaus in 6
Herodian_tetrarchy
Byzantine province (390-636)
(ed.), The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 5: Jews in the Medieval Islamic World, The Cambridge History of Judaism, vol. 5, Cambridge: Cambridge University
Palaestina_Prima
Dynasty of Judea (140–37 BC)
the Judaism of the time. It was in Antioch that the Jews first made the acquaintance of Hellenism and of the more corrupt sides of Greek culture; and it
Hasmonean_dynasty
century BCE – Jaffa becomes an important port city under the Philistines, and the northernmost city of the Philistine state. 8th century BCE – The Assyrian
Timeline_of_Jaffa
Lunisolar calendar used for Jewish religious observances
year, AM 5787, began at sunset on 11 September 2026 and will end at sunset on 1 October 2027. Judaism uses multiple systems for dividing hours. In one system
Hebrew_calendar
Persian traveler Nasir Khusraw visits village. 1100 or 1101 – a Crusader fleet and land army conquer Haifa. The Crusaders rename it Caiphas. 1187 – Saladin
Timeline_of_Haifa
Ottoman-era Jewish community in Palestine
Olives and eggplants were pickled for preservation. History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel History of Zionism Palestinian Jews Mea Shearim
Old_Yishuv
Jewish nationalist movement
establish and support a Jewish homeland through colonization in the region of Palestine, which roughly corresponds to the Land of Israel in Judaism—itself
Zionism
Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia, and French Wikipedia. Judith R. Baskin, ed. (2011). "Tel Aviv". Cambridge Dictionary of Judaism and Jewish Culture. Cambridge
Timeline_of_Tel_Aviv
Aspect of women's history
The role of women in ancient warfare differed from culture to culture. There have been various historical accounts of females participating in battle
Women_in_ancient_warfare
Jewish nation, heads of state and/or government in the Land of Israel. Because of the position of the Land of Israel in Judaism, the leaders of the inhabitants
List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel
List_of_Jewish_leaders_in_the_Land_of_Israel
101) To them the murderous fedayeen raids and constant harassment were just another form of Arab warfare against Israel...(p. 102) Israel's aims were
History of the Israel Defense Forces
History_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces
(1996). "Judaism to Mishnah: 135–220 AD". In Hershel Shanks (ed.). Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism: A Parallel History of their Origins and Early Development
History_of_Jerusalem
4th–7th century period
the Infrastructure and Population of Byzantine Palestine". In Hezser, Catherine (ed.). The Routledge Handbook of Jews and Judaism in Late Antiquity (1st ed
Byzantine_Palestine
Period in Jewish history, c. 70 CE–638 CE
culture to adapt in order to survive. Judaism endured through the establishment of new centers of scholarship and leadership, initially at Yavne under
Rabbinic_period
Jewish rebellion during Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
Publishing. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-7661-3514-7. Alexei Sivertsev (2011). Judaism and Imperial Ideology in Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press. pp. 55–58
Jewish revolt against Heraclius
Jewish_revolt_against_Heraclius
Jewish canon of Hebrew biblical scriptures
of Moses), the Nevi'im (lit. 'Prophets'), and the Ketuvim (lit. 'Writings'). Different branches of Judaism and Samaritanism have maintained different versions
Hebrew_Bible
Aspect of women's history
This timeline of women in warfare and the military (1900–1945) deals with the role of women in the military around the world from 1900 through 1945. The
Women in warfare and the military (1900–1945)
Women_in_warfare_and_the_military_(1900–1945)
Forbidden relationships in Judaism (איסורי ביאה Isurey bi'ah) are intimate relationships which are forbidden by prohibitions in the Torah or rabbinical
Forbidden relationships in Judaism
Forbidden_relationships_in_Judaism
Judaism was the first monotheistic religion practiced in pre-Islamic Arabia, predating the Common Era. Arabian Jews were linguistically diverse, and communities
Judaism_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Byzantine province (390-636)
also a thriving center of Judaism, after the Jews had been driven out of Judea by the Romans as a result of their 1st- and 2nd-century revolts. Syria-Palaestina
Palaestina_Secunda
Aspect of women's history
have participated in military actions in the 18th century. For women in warfare in the United States at this time, please see Timeline of women in war
Women_in_18th-century_warfare
Aspect of women's history
warfare. The following is a list of prominent women in war and their exploits from about 1500 up to about 1699. Only women active in direct warfare,
Women_in_warfare_(1500–1699)
Aspect of women's history
were played by women in post-classical warfare. Only women active in direct warfare, such as warriors, spies, and women who actively led armies are included
Women in post-classical warfare
Women_in_post-classical_warfare
Jewish people, via the Mosaic and Abrahamic covenants, are selected to be in a covenant with God. It is a core element of Judaism, although its meaning has
Jews_as_the_chosen_people
First five books of the Hebrew Bible
Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. The Torah is also known as the Pentateuch (/ˈpɛntəˌt(j)uːk/) or the Five Books of Moses. In Rabbinic Judaism tradition it
Torah
Be'er Limon, near Beit Shemesh. Israel portal Judaism portal List of archaeological sites in Israel and Palestine Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem
Archaeology_of_Israel
Historical semi-nomadic Turkic ethnic group
Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Although there is evidence that the ruling elite of the Khazars had converted to Rabbinic Judaism in the 8th century,
Khazars
Arnold Forster and Benjamin Epstein gave a name to the concept. Zimmerman, Simone (August 2025). "Nakba denial and the future of American Judaism". Critical
History of Zionism (1948–present)
History_of_Zionism_(1948–present)
Aspect of women's history
about women in warfare and the military from 1945 to 1999, worldwide. For the United States specifically, see Timeline of women in warfare in the United
Women in warfare and the military (1945–1999)
Women_in_warfare_and_the_military_(1945–1999)
Ideology that views Zionism as a fundamental component of Orthodox Judaism
fundamental component of Orthodox Judaism. Its adherents are also referred to as Dati Leumi (דָּתִי לְאֻמִּי, 'National-Religious'), and in Israel, they are most
Religious_Zionism
Aspect of women's history
The following is a list of women in war and their exploits from about 1800 up to about 1899. For women in warfare in the United States at this time, please
Women in warfare and the military in the 19th century
Women_in_warfare_and_the_military_in_the_19th_century
with Judaism or the Jewish community, there were prominent Sandinistas of Jewish descent. Among them were Carlos Tünnerman, minister of education and later
History of the Jews in Nicaragua
History_of_the_Jews_in_Nicaragua
Aspect of women's history
is about women in warfare and the military (2000–present) throughout the world outside the United States. For women in warfare and the military in the
Women in warfare and the military (2000–present)
Women_in_warfare_and_the_military_(2000–present)
Torah, or first five books of the Hebrew Bible
five books of the Hebrew Bible. In Judaism, this set of laws forms one side of the covenant between the Jewish people and God. This covenant is sometimes
Law_of_Moses
History of Ethiopia from 7th to 16th centuries
expanded its borders and spread the religion to the surrounding peoples who practised traditional African religions, Judaism, and, later, Islam. The Aksumites
Ethiopia_in_the_Middle_Ages
Temple in Jerusalem (c. 516 BCE–70 CE)
Second Temple period and standing as a pivotal symbol of Jewish identity, it was the basis and namesake of Second Temple Judaism. The Second Temple served
Second_Temple
laws and Islamic dietary laws. Both are meticulously descriptive and have like-minded concepts, but there are also several differences. In Judaism, dietary
Comparison of Islamic and Jewish dietary laws
Comparison_of_Islamic_and_Jewish_dietary_laws
Books not accepted as sacred manuscripts in Judaism
Jewish theological framework. Some sects of Second Temple Judaism, such as the Essenes in Judaea and the Therapeutae in Alexandria, were said to have a "secret
Jewish apocrypha and pseudepigrapha
Jewish_apocrypha_and_pseudepigrapha
Belief in a single god in Arabia before Islam
Monotheists in pre-Islamic Arabia included followers of Christianity, Judaism, and other populations unaffiliated with either one of the two major Abrahamic
Monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia
Monotheism_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
different areas flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, and they also faced periods of
History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia
Ancient Jewish biblical manuscripts
As such, they cast new light on the emergence of Rabbinic Judaism and of Christianity, and their relationship with Jewish religious traditions. In the
Dead_Sea_Scrolls
Sieges in Roman History
considered the only true form of warfare. Nevertheless, the importance that siege action could have in the warfare framework of that era cannot be underestimated
Siege_warfare_in_ancient_Rome
Military activity in Arabia before Islam
Warfare in pre-Islamic Arabia refers to war and conflict in pre-Islamic Arabia, including both on the Arabian Peninsula, and the Arab world more generally
Warfare_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
the nation... Hasidic Judaism is a branch of Orthodox Judaism that promotes spirituality and joy through the popularisation and internalization of Jewish
Jewish_history
Dispersion of Jews around the globe
areas, and forbidden to practice Judaism, leading to a significant rise in the Jewish diaspora. By the Middle Ages, owing to increasing migration and resettlement
Jewish_diaspora
Period of French history, during the 17th century
Louis XIII and Louis XIV. Though primarily associated with Louis XIV's reign, the Grand siècle was notable for the development of art, music and literature
Grand_Siècle
Stance that only one spiritual belief is true
everything from banking and welfare, to warfare and the environment. In practice, however, neither the inclusion of Jews and Christians nor militant exclusivism
Religious_exclusivism
involving women in warfare and the military in the United States from 2000 until 2010. For 2011 onward, please see Timeline of women in warfare and the military
Timeline of women in warfare and the military in the United States, 2000–2010
Timeline_of_women_in_warfare_and_the_military_in_the_United_States,_2000–2010
Biblical figure identified with fallen angel
of warfare, of making swords, knives, shields, and coats of mail, and taught women the art of deception by ornamenting the body, dyeing the hair, and painting
Azazel
War primarily over religious differences
belligerents lays claim to 'religion', a religious law, in order to justify his warfare and to substantiate publicly why his use of military force against a political
Religious_war
Different approaches to the subject of creating a Jewish homeland
integral to Orthodox Judaism. Cultural Zionism emphasizes a secular approach. Revolutionary Zionism emerged from guerrilla warfare against the British
Types_of_Zionism
involving Women in warfare and the military in the United States since 2011. For the previous decade, see Timeline of women in warfare and the military in
Timeline of women in warfare and the military in the United States, 2011–present
Timeline_of_women_in_warfare_and_the_military_in_the_United_States,_2011–present
certain narratives describing occurrences of violence and warfare that are considered by some scholars and commentators to qualify as instances of genocide
Genocide_in_the_Hebrew_Bible
Series of revolts by the Jews against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 AD
Rabbinic Judaism, which emerged as the dominant form of Judaism in late antiquity and was responsible for the codification of the Mishnah and Talmud. The
Jewish–Roman_wars
American cosmologist (born c. 1982)
Chairperson of Jews of Color and Allies Advisory Group of Reconstructing Judaism, the umbrella organization of Reconstructionist Judaism, and served on its board
Chanda_Prescod-Weinstein
Jewish community associated with modern-day Ethiopia
a divergent, non-Talmudic form of Judaism, known as Haymanot, that is similar in some respects to Karaite Judaism. Genetic studies show them to cluster
Beta_Israel
Future period of time on Earth
into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks; nation will not lift sword against nation and they will no longer study warfare. — Isaiah 2:4 The
Messianic_Age
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JUDAISM AND-WARFARE
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