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Type of legal trial
A jury trial, or trial by jury, is a legal proceeding in which a jury makes findings of fact and reaches a verdict. It is distinguished from a bench trial
Jury_trial
1875 comic opera by Gilbert & Sullivan
Trial by Jury is a comic opera in one act, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. It was first produced on 25 March 1875, at London's
Trial_by_Jury
Legal term for a jury that cannot agree on a verdict
courts require a unanimous verdict in criminal trials, but not civil trials. In criminal trials, if a jury is unable to reach a verdict after a reasonable
Hung_jury
Group of people to render a verdict in a court
judgment. Most trial juries are "petit juries", and consist of up to 15 people. Primarily in the United States, a larger jury known as a grand jury is used to
Jury
Jury system in the United States
A citizen's right to a trial by jury is a central feature of the United States Constitution. It is considered a fundamental principle of the American
Juries_in_the_United_States
American television series (2005–2006)
Law & Order: Trial by Jury is an American legal drama television series about criminal trials set in New York City. It was the fourth series in Dick Wolf's
Law_&_Order:_Trial_by_Jury
Type of legal trial
A bench trial is a trial by judge, as opposed to a jury. The term applies most appropriately to any administrative hearing in relation to a summary offense
Bench_trial
American TV series
television series created by Lee Eisenberg and Gene Stupnitsky, about a fake jury trial. It stars Ronald Gladden as a juror who is unaware of the hoax. James
Jury_Duty_(2023_TV_series)
1994 American film
Trial by Jury is a 1994 American legal thriller film directed by Heywood Gould and starring Joanne Whalley-Kilmer, Gabriel Byrne, Armand Assante and William
Trial_by_Jury_(film)
jury trial is an alternative dispute resolution technique, increasingly being used in civil disputes in the United States. In essence, a mock trial is
Summary_jury_trial
Type of jury verdict in criminal trials
Jury nullification, also known as jury equity or as a perverse verdict, is a decision by the jury in a criminal trial resulting in a verdict of not guilty
Jury_nullification
Jury that screens potential prosecutions
more jurors than a trial jury, sometimes called a petty or petit jury (from the French word petit meaning "small"). A grand jury in the United States
Grand_jury
Law of trial by jury in England and Wales
tradition of jury trial that has evolved over centuries. Under present-day practice, juries are generally summoned for criminal trials in the Crown Court
Juries_in_England_and_Wales
Coming together of parties to a dispute, to present information in a tribunal
of the community, it is called a jury trial. Where the trial is held solely before a judge, it is called a bench trial. Hearings before administrative
Trial
British TV series or programme
The Jury: Murder Trial is a British reality television series. Each series is a verbatim re-enactment from court records of a real murder trial in which
The_Jury:_Murder_Trial
Process of choosing jury members
Jury selection is the selection of the people who will serve on a jury during a jury trial. The group of potential jurors (the "jury pool,” also known
Jury_selection
Criminal fraud case
wire-fraud schemes against investors and patients. They had separate jury trials. A five-person team from the white-collar crime litigation firm Williams
Trial_of_Elizabeth_Holmes
Trial by jury in Scotland is used in the courts of Scotland in solemn procedure for trial on indictment before a judge and jury for serious criminal cases
Trial_by_jury_in_Scotland
Service as a juror in a legal proceeding
kinds of cases tried before a jury, how many jurors hear a trial, and whether the lay person is involved in a single trial or holds a paid job similar to
Jury_duty
1791 amendment enumerating rights related to criminal prosecutions
different rights, including the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury consisting of jurors from the state and district in which the
Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
1959 Indian Court case
initially found not guilty by a jury, but the verdict was quashed by the Bombay High Court and the case was retried as a bench trial. The case is often erroneously
K. M. Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra
K._M._Nanavati_v._State_of_Maharashtra
Killing of two boys by an African rock python
negligence for not preventing the deaths but was found not guilty in a jury trial in November 2016. The African rock python is one of the five largest snake
2013 New Brunswick python attack
2013_New_Brunswick_python_attack
Topics referred to by the same term
libretto by W. S. Gilbert. Trial by Jury may also refer to: Trial by jury or jury trial, a type of legal proceeding Trial by Jury (TV series), a 1989-90 scripted
Trial by Jury (disambiguation)
Trial_by_Jury_(disambiguation)
trial by jury in England is influential because many English and later British colonies adopted the English common law system in which trial by jury plays
History of trial by jury in England
History_of_trial_by_jury_in_England
Legal verdict
guilty plea that is accepted by the court, a jury trial in which a verdict of guilty is delivered, or a trial by judge in which the defendant is found guilty
Conviction
Legal concept
In the context of a jury trial, the term unsafe verdict refers to a judicial finding that a jury's guilty verdict should be overturned. Unsafe in this
Unsafe_verdict
The practice of trial by jury has a long history in Hong Kong. Like most jurisdictions with jury trial, this tradition was introduced into Hong Kong when
Jury_system_in_Hong_Kong
1791 amendment regarding right to a jury trial
amendment enumerates the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases and inhibits courts from overturning a jury's findings of fact. An early version
Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution
Seventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
right to trial by jury. In particular, the Court pronounced that: The perceived importance of the jury and the Charter right to jury trial is meaningless
Racial discrimination in jury selection
Racial_discrimination_in_jury_selection
American lawyer
stood trial for manslaughter. He was found not guilty by reason of accident and self-defense by way of a jury trial. The experience of being on trial changed
E._Brent_Bryson
2023 murder trial in South Carolina, US
citing jury interference by court clerk Rebecca Hill. Prosecutors are retrying the case. Local media called the trial South Carolina's "trial of the century"
Trials_of_Alex_Murdaugh
Formal finding of fact made by a jury on matters submitted to it by the judge
made by a jury on matters or questions submitted to the jury by a judge. In a bench trial, the judge's decision near the end of the trial is simply referred
Verdict
2023 triple filicide in Massachusetts, United States
observing psychosis. After nearly seven weeks of trial, the jury reported that it was deadlocked. The jury foreperson informed judge William F. Sullivan
Killing of the Clancy children
Killing_of_the_Clancy_children
2017 defamation and assault trial in Colorado, United States
evening of August 14, 2017, with the jury ruling in Swift's favor and ordering Mueller to pay her $1. The trial was subject to significant media attention
Taylor Swift sexual assault trial
Taylor_Swift_sexual_assault_trial
1998 shooting and murder of a contract courier in Alabama
left facing a murder charge. On November 3, 1999, Gavin stood trial before a 12-member jury at the Cherokee County Circuit Court for one count of murder
Murder_of_William_Clayton_Jr.
2022 defamation trial of American actors
fact that he got a jury trial, which may be why he and his legal team sought to have the trial in Virginia to begin with. After the trial ended, Heard put
Depp_v._Heard
Civil and human right
not a fair trial; for example, the right to a jury trial and other important procedures vary from nation to nation. The right to fair trial is very helpful
Right_to_a_fair_trial
In a legal proceeding, those who decide if an event occurred based on evidence
factfinder differs by the type of proceeding. In a jury trial, it is the jury; in a non-jury trial, the judge is both the factfinder and the trier of
Trier_of_fact
Mass murder in Alabama, US
pleaded guilty to the capital murder charges. He still had to face a jury trial, which convicted him of the murders, the kidnappings, and the beatings
2016_Citronelle_homicides
2003 American legal thriller film by Gary Fleder
girlfriend Marlee (Weisz) appear to be able to sway the jury to deliver any verdict they want in a trial against a gun manufacturer. The film was released on
Runaway_Jury
Isolation of a jury to avoid accidental or deliberate tainting
order that a jury be sequestered to prevent others from tampering with them through undue persuasion, threats, or bribes. The Harry Thaw trial for the murder
Jury_sequestration
2008 murder of an American man in Mesa, Arizona
sentencing phase of Arias' trial resulted in a hung jury, prompting the judge to declare a mistrial for that phase. The jury had reached an 8–4 decision
Murder_of_Travis_Alexander
Area in Idaho section of Yellowstone National Park
that "the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed
Zone_of_Death_(Yellowstone)
Human right to trial without arbitrary or indefinite delay
to situations in which a judge or jury have determined a suspect has committed a crime. The right to a speedy trial is codified in fundamental legal documents
Speedy_trial
Antitrust case alleging domination of advertising
unconventional move for a federal antitrust lawsuit, the DOJ has pushed for a jury trial for the case. In March 2023, judge Leonie Brinkema denied Google's request
United States v. Google LLC (2023)
United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)
2026 United States Supreme Court case
preserves the right to a jury before legal obligations are conclusively settled, it does not dictate the stage when a jury trial must take place.The majority
FCC_v._AT&T_Inc._(2026)
American criminal case of 1997 baby death by British au pair
subsequently convicted of involuntary manslaughter (reduced from the jury trial verdict) of eight-month-old baby Matthew Eappen, in Newton, Massachusetts
Louise_Woodward_case
Assassin of Martin Luther King Jr. (1928–1998)
Ray was convicted in 1969 after entering a guilty plea—thus forgoing a jury trial and the possibility of a death sentence—and was sentenced to 99 years
James_Earl_Ray
Crime tried without a jury
jurisdictions that can be proceeded against summarily, without the right to a jury trial or indictment (required for an indictable offence). In Canada, summary
Summary_offence
Rule in US criminal cases
State in which relevant evidence of collateral crimes is admissible at jury trial when it does not go to prove the "bad character" or "criminal propensity"
Williams_Rule
Non-jury criminal courts in Northern Ireland
Diplock courts were criminal courts in Northern Ireland for non-jury trial of specified serious crimes ("scheduled offences"). They were introduced by
Diplock_court
Type of judgment as a matter of law
a jury trial. In American state courts, JNOV is the practice whereby the presiding judge in a civil jury trial may overrule the decision of a jury and
Judgment notwithstanding verdict
Judgment_notwithstanding_verdict
Legal rules from a judge to jurors
a trial by jury, and as such are a cornerstone of criminal process in many common law countries. The purpose of instructions are to inform the jury about
Jury_instructions
Legal concept
British law. The American jury draws its power of nullification from its right to render a general verdict in criminal trials, the inability of criminal
Jury nullification in the United States
Jury_nullification_in_the_United_States
American civil rights law
protection clauses via the Anderson–Aiken amendment and the O'Mahoney jury trial amendment, significantly watering down its immediate impact. During the
Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957
2015 kidnapping and murder of 8-year-old girl in Santa Cruz, California
prison. Upon turning 25 in 2024, Gonzalez was eligible for release, but a jury trial determined that he would still pose a danger if released. The suspect
Murder_of_Madyson_Middleton
2007 carjacking, rape, and murder of a couple in Knoxville, Tennessee
Davidson, and George Thomas) had multiple prior felony convictions. After a jury trial, Davidson was convicted and sentenced to death by lethal injection. Cobbins
Murders of Channon Christian and Christopher Newsom
Murders_of_Channon_Christian_and_Christopher_Newsom
Familicide in Oklahoma, U.S.
McFadden had been scheduled for a jury trial that day for further sex offenses; the bodies were discovered hours before the trial was to begin. The Oklahoma
2023_Henryetta_murders
Crime of attempting to influence a jury
Jury tampering is the crime of unduly attempting to influence the composition or decisions of a jury during the course of a trial. The means by which
Jury_tampering
State of being responsible for a crime per the state's rules
judge acts as both the court of law and the factfinder, whereas in a jury trial, the jury is the trier of fact and the judge acts only as the trier of law
Guilt_(law)
Series of racially motivated murders in San Francisco, California
men were arrested in connection with the case. They were convicted in a jury trial of first-degree murder and conspiracy charges and sentenced to life imprisonment
Zebra_murders
Legal result of a "not guilty" verdict
203 (1984), it was ruled that in a bench trial, when a judge was holding a separate hearing after the jury trial, to decide if the defendant should be sentenced
Acquittal
American activist (born 1989)
Parenthood and others affected by Daleiden's videos initiated a civil jury trial in federal court against Daleiden and Merritt, and also Center for Medical
David_Daleiden
1990s–2010s sex crimes
search warrants. The alleged victim refused to testify at the trial, and a Chicago jury found Kelly not guilty on all 14 counts of child pornography in
R._Kelly_sexual_abuse_cases
Method of settling accusations within Germanic law by dueling
considered it the chief mode of trial, at least among aristocrats entitled to bear arms. Around 1219, trial by jury replaced trial by ordeal, which had been
Trial_by_combat
Case before the Supreme Court of the United States
Exchange Commission's administrative adjudication of fraud claims without jury trials in their administrative proceedings with their own administrative law
SEC_v._Jarkesy
2015 matricide in Missouri, U.S.
initially waived his right to a jury trial, but reversed that decision in June 2017. In an interview prior to his trial Godejohn stated, "All the planning
Murder_of_Dee_Dee_Blanchard
Interrogation of a witness called by one's opponent
a key component of a trial and the topic is given substantial attention during courses on trial advocacy. The opinions of a jury or judge are often changed
Cross-examination
1995 US criminal trial
racially motivated jury nullification by the mostly African-American jury. Polling in later years showed the gap had narrowed since the trial; more than half
Murder_trial_of_O._J._Simpson
Type of court where trials take place
most common law jurisdictions, the trial court often sits with a jury and one judge; in such jury trials, the jury acts as trier of fact. In some cases
Trial_court
Obsolete Scots law verdict
proven, rather than to rule on an accused's guilt. In 1728, the jury in a murder trial asserted "its ancient right" to declare a defendant "not guilty"
Not_proven
American convicted murderer on death row
Following a jury trial, he was found guilty of capital murder. In sentencing Jackson, the presiding judge, William Gordon, overrode the jury's unanimous
Shonelle_Jackson
Protest against defence contractor in UK
permitted to raise before the jury. On the 8 January 2026 in the first trial, Rajiv Menon KC made his closing remarks to the jury as he represented the defendants
2024 Filton Elbit Systems break-in
2024_Filton_Elbit_Systems_break-in
Rules that govern civil procedure in United States district courts
by jury and the procedure for requesting a jury trial instead of a bench trial and trials by an advisory jury. These rules must be construed in light of
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
Federal_Rules_of_Civil_Procedure
2014 death of child left in car in Vinings, Georgia
charged with his son's death, which he called a tragic accident. After a jury trial that garnered national media attention, he was found guilty of malice
Death_of_Cooper_Harris
Agreement by all people in a situation
criminal law jury trials, many jurisdictions require a guilty verdict by a jury to be unanimous. This is not so in civil law jury trials. The United States
Unanimity
American murderer (1859–1932)
Charlestown, Massachusetts, and murdered at least two. He was found guilty by a jury trial held in the Supreme Judicial Court of Suffolk County in December 1874
Jesse_Pomeroy
Person assisting a judge in a trial
usually used when the country does not have juries. Lay judges may be randomly selected for a single trial (as jurors are), or politically appointed. In
Lay_judge
Formal accusation that someone committed a crime
of Australia provides that "the trial on indictment of any offence against any law of the Commonwealth shall be by jury". The High Court of Australia has
Indictment
Hears the evidence in a trial as presented by both the plaintiff and the defendant
common law, a petit jury (or trial jury; pronounced /ˈpɛtət/ or /pəˈtiːt/, depending on the jurisdiction) hears the evidence in a trial as presented by both
Petit_jury
Malaysian singer and murderer (1956–2001)
the trio's trial for the capital murder of Mazlan Idris began at the Temerloh, Pahang High Court in front of a seven-person jury (trial by jury was only
Mona_Fandey
US legal rule preventing tainted evidence from being used in a court of law
evidence is known as "fruit of the poisonous tree"—can be thrown out from a jury trial or be grounds for a mistrial if too much information has been irrevocably
Exclusionary_rule
2011 abduction, rape and murder of a teenage girl in Nevada
judge, and Righetti was later found guilty of murdering Otremba in a jury trial, and sentenced to death in 2017. On September 2, 2011, in Las Vegas, Nevada
Murder_of_Alyssa_Otremba
Nonsensical diversionary legal defense
In a jury trial, the Chewbacca defense is a legal strategy in which a criminal defense lawyer tries to confuse the jury rather than refute the case of
Chewbacca_defense
serve on trial juries, and grand jurors, who participate in grand jury proceedings. For petit jurors serving more than ten days on a trial, the presiding
Jury_fees
American murderer (1957–1994)
Anderson was charged with murder. On August 13, he was convicted in a jury trial. He was sentenced to life in prison, with the possibility of parole after
Jesse_Anderson
American federal criminal case
cyberbullying of her 13-year-old neighbor, Megan Meier, who had died of suicide. The jury deadlocked on a felony conspiracy count and acquitted Drew of three felony
United_States_v._Drew
Application of the U.S. Bill of Rights to states and their local governments
Fifth Amendment right to an indictment by a grand jury, and the Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial in civil lawsuits. Incorporation applies both procedurally
Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
Incorporation_of_the_Bill_of_Rights
JFK assassination conspiracy trial
January 29, 1969, Shaw was brought to trial in Orleans Parish Criminal Court on these charges. On March 1, 1969, a jury took less than an hour to find Shaw
Trial_of_Clay_Shaw
Court order to give testimony
ban trial by ordeal and trial by combat. Implementation proved to be more difficult. What would take their place? The novel choice was trial by jury. In
Subpoena_ad_testificandum
Procedural device in United States law
(on rare occasion) juries disregarded this rule, appellate courts could overturn the jury award and order a new trial with a new jury. To avoid that prospect
Remittitur
Misconduct by a juror in a legal case
outside of the trial/court case. Those on the outside include “witnesses, attorneys, bailiffs, or judges about the case”. When the jury member brings outside
Juror_misconduct
1989 United States Supreme Court case
bankruptcy estate to a jury trial when sued by the bankruptcy trustee over an issue where the jury trial right attaches. The jury trial right attaches to all
Granfinanciera, S.A. v. Nordberg
Granfinanciera,_S.A._v._Nordberg
American lawyer (born 1961)
Stephen D. Susman & Thomas M. Melsheimer, Trial by Agreement: How Trial Lawyers Hold the Key to Improving Jury Trials in Civil Cases, 32 REV. LITIG. 431 (2013)
Thomas_M._Melsheimer
conviction, convicting an accused without giving them the benefit of a jury trial and/or indictment.[citation needed] Summary court-martial, the lowest
Summary_(law)
Highest trial court in the Hong Kong legal system
commercial fraud. It is the only court in Hong Kong where trials are held with the involvement of a jury. It is also an appellate court hearing appeals against
Hong Kong Court of First Instance
Hong_Kong_Court_of_First_Instance
American court show
Famous Jury Trials is an American dramatized court show that first appeared on radio, followed by television, and then in the movies. The series ran on
Famous_Jury_Trials
American murderer, rapist and suspected serial killer (1954–2026)
Montgomery. In Punta Gorda, he waived his right to a jury trial on August 9, 1999, thereby electing a bench trial. The star witness was Stanley Burden, who authorities
Daniel_Conahan
2015 murder of a woman in Scottsdale, Arizona
the defendant. However, in May 2026, his sentencing trial ended in a mistrial, because the jury deadlocked on the death penalty. As of 2026, a date has
Murder_of_Allison_Feldman
2021 rape and murder of a young girl in Alabama
the death penalty against Williams, and jury selection began on that same day. On the first day of trial, the jury were presented with video evidence of
Murder_of_Kamarie_Holland
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