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Computational problem of interest in computer science
Unsolved problem in computer science Is there a k {\displaystyle k} -competitive algorithm for solving the k {\displaystyle k} -server problem in an arbitrary
K-server_problem
Metrical task systems generalize online problems such as paging, list accessing, and the k-server problem (in finite spaces). A task system is a pair
Metrical_task_system
Object in graph theory
the eternal dominating set problem is related to the k-server problem in computer science. Motivated by ancient problems in military defense described
Eternal_dominating_set
Algorithm that begins on possibly incomplete inputs
performance. This problem is PSPACE-complete. There are many formal problems that offer more than one online algorithm as solution: k-server problem Job shop scheduling
Online_algorithm
Concept in computer science
adaptive offline adversary. Competitive analysis (online algorithm) K-server problem Online algorithm Borodin, A.; El-Yaniv, R. (1998). Online Computation
Adversary_model
American mathematician
particularly for the k-server problem. His contributions, with his co-author Marek Chrobak, led to the application of T-theory to the server problem. Larmore earned
Lawrence_L._Larmore
Computer networking optimization problem
problem has long since been solved, with the number of possible connections to a single computer being in the millions. The problem of socket server optimisation
C10k_problem
Professor
work competitive analysis of online algorithms, particularly for the k-server problem, on information dissemination in ad-hoc radio networks, and on graph
Marek_Chrobak
Branch of graph theory
analysis, which is used to create phylogenetic trees. Online algorithms - k-server problem Bernd Sturmfels, Professor of Mathematics and Computer Science at Berkeley
T-theory
This problem is PSPACE-complete. Many formal problems offer more than one online algorithm as a solution: k-server problem Job shop scheduling problem List
Online_optimization
Notion in metric geometry
The tight span serves a role in several online algorithms for the K-server problem. Sturmfels & Yu (2004) uses the tight span to classify metric spaces
Tight_span
Hashing technique
of web servers. Tim Berners-Lee credits consistent hashing algorithms, and Daniel Lewin as their inventor, with solving the slashdotting problem which
Consistent_hashing
Information retrieval using cryptography
privacy for their query in a single-server setting. There are two ways to address this problem: make the server computationally bounded or assume that
Private_information_retrieval
Method for analyzing online algorithms
Peleg 1992). Adversary (online algorithm) Amortized analysis K-server problem List update problem Online algorithm Sleator, D.; Tarjan, R. (1985), "Amortized
Competitive analysis (online algorithm)
Competitive_analysis_(online_algorithm)
Mathematical space with a notion of distance
clustering problems where hierarchical clustering can be performed more efficiently on tree metrics. Online algorithms: Benefits problems like the k-server problem
Metric_space
Queue model
a single server. Most performance metrics for this queueing system are not known and remain an open problem. A queue represented by a M/G/k queue is a
M/G/k_queue
Name server for the root zone of the Internet's Domain Name System
In networking, a root name server is a name server for the root zone of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. It directly answers requests for
Root_name_server
Open source web server and a reverse proxy server
(pronounced "engine x" /ˌɛndʒɪnˈɛks/ EN-jin-EKS, stylized as NGINX) is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and
Nginx
Application layer protocol
in small packets to almost solve the problem of the HOLB (head-of-line blocking); a push capability to allow server application to send data to clients
HTTP
Mathematical and computational problem
The bin packing problem is an optimization problem, in which items of different sizes must be packed into a finite number of bins or containers, each of
Bin_packing_problem
Required (RFC 6585) The origin server requires the request to be conditional. Intended to prevent the 'lost update' problem, where a client GETs a resource's
List_of_HTTP_status_codes
Problems which attempt to find the most efficient way to pack objects into containers
general problem. In this case, a configuration of k pairwise tangent unit balls is available. People place the centers at the vertices a 1 , … , a k {\displaystyle
Packing_problems
Principal protocol used to assign IPv4 addresses on an IPv4 network
accurate binding information between two servers is a complicated problem; if both servers are able to update the same lease database, there must be a mechanism
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol
Networking protocol for clock synchronization
100 ms or more. The protocol is usually described in terms of a client–server model, but can as easily be used in peer-to-peer relationships where both
Network_Time_Protocol
Internet protocol used for relaying e-mails
was originally started because popular mail servers would often rewrite mail in an attempt to fix problems in it, for example, adding a domain name to
Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol
Issues affecting Network Time Protocol server
denial-of-service attacks known at the time. The most troublesome problems have involved NTP server addresses hardcoded in the firmware of consumer networking
NTP_server_misuse_and_abuse
Linked hypertext system on the Internet
made available to the network through web servers and can be accessed by programs such as web browsers. Servers and resources on the World Wide Web are
World_Wide_Web
Computer operating system
the computing industry – Windows for personal computers, Windows Server for servers, and Windows IoT for embedded systems. Windows itself is further grouped
Microsoft_Windows
1964 film by Krishnan–Panju
Server Sundaram is a 1964 Indian Tamil-language comedy drama film directed by Krishnan–Panju and produced by A. V. Meiyappan. The film stars Nagesh as
Server_Sundaram
Style of network communication where requests are sent by the client
technology Client–server model Bumsuk Lee, "A Temporal Analysis of Posting Behavior in Social Media Streams," In Proc. of the AAAI ICWSM 2012 Sia, K. C., Cho,
Pull_technology
RFC 734. Retrieved 2019-09-24. Harrenstien, K.; Stahl, M.; Feinler, E. (October 1985). HOSTNAME SERVER. IETF. pp. 1. doi:10.17487/RFC953. RFC 953. Retrieved
List of TCP and UDP port numbers
List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
Pairing where no unchosen pair prefers each other over their choice
mathematics, economics, and computer science, the stable matching problem is the problem of finding a stable matching between two equally sized sets of elements
Stable_matching_problem
Solid oxide fuel cell power generator made by Bloom Energy
hand-made 100 kW Bloom Energy Server is $700,000–800,000. In 2010, the company announced plans for a smaller, home sized Bloom server priced under $3
Bloom_Energy_Server
American businessman (born 1944)
system to Microsoft Corporation, which now markets it under the name "SQL Server". Sybase soon fell victim to merger mania; its 1996 merger with Powersoft
Larry_Ellison
Internet ecosystem layer that addresses bottlenecks
distribution network is a geographically distributed network of proxy servers and corresponding data centers. CDNs provide high availability and performance
Content_delivery_network
Mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues
amount of service k describes the number of servers at the queueing node (k = 1, 2, 3, ...) If the node has more jobs than servers, then jobs will queue
Queueing_theory
Security issue for web applications
than server-side scripting because it does not need to connect to a remote server and the page or frame does not need to be reloaded). Another problem with
Cross-site_scripting
Decentralized machine learning
( x 1 , … , x K ) = 1 K ∑ i = 1 K f i ( x i ) {\displaystyle f(\mathbf {x} _{1},\dots ,\mathbf {x} _{K})={\dfrac {1}{K}}\sum _{i=1}^{K}f_{i}(\mathbf {x}
Federated_learning
Software development practice
Typically, a server builds from the integration area frequently, i.e. after each commit or periodically, like once a day. The server may perform quality
Continuous_integration
Application layer protocol for e-mail retrieval and storage
standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection. IMAP is defined by RFC 9051. IMAP was designed
Internet Message Access Protocol
Internet_Message_Access_Protocol
Set of edges without common vertices
to the other side of the graph ("servers") or discarded. This is a natural generalization of the secretary problem and has applications to online ad
Matching_(graph_theory)
Messaging pattern in which senders and receivers do not directly communicate
that use brokers (servers), the argument for a broker to send messages to a subscriber is in-band, and can be subject to security problems. Brokers might
Publish–subscribe_pattern
Protocol for real-time Internet chat and messaging
of implicit trust between servers. However, this architecture has a number of problems. A misbehaving or malicious server can cause major damage to the
IRC
System to identify resources on a network
name servers for each domain. Network administrators may delegate authority over subdomains of their allocated name space to other name servers. This
Domain_Name_System
Set of computers configured in a distributed computing system
other through fast local area networks, with each node (computer used as a server) running its own instance of an operating system. In most circumstances
Computer_cluster
Server computer
The Dell M1000e is an enclosure made by Dell to house their blade server products, and embedded EqualLogic iSCSI storage area network and I/O modules including
Dell_M1000e
Mathematical game of resource allocation
The Kolkata Paise Restaurant Problem (KPR Problem) is a mathematical game for competitive resource allocation without any coordination. Its name is drawn
Kolkata Paise Restaurant Problem
Kolkata_Paise_Restaurant_Problem
System for describing queueing models
This is sometimes denoted c + K where K is the buffer size, the number of places in the queue above the number of servers c. The size of calling source
Kendall's_notation
Source code management software
Azure DevOps Server, formerly known as Team Foundation Server (TFS) and Visual Studio Team System (VSTS), is a Microsoft product that provides version
Azure_DevOps_Server
Interface between Web servers and external programs
incompatibilities existed between different HTTP server variants that undermined script portability. Recognition of this problem led to the specification of how data
Common_Gateway_Interface
Automated message from an email system
message that the message has not been delivered (or some other delivery problem occurred). The original message is said to have "bounced". This feedback
Bounce_message
Computer bugs related to the year 2000
the year 2000 software problem. The abbreviation combines the letter Y for "year", the number 2 and a capitalized version of k for the SI unit prefix
Year_2000_problem
Computer network protocol
Sec-WebSocket-Key header, solving this problem. Comparison of WebSocket implementations Network socket Push technology XMLHttpRequest Server-sent events WebRTC HTTP/2
WebSocket
Worldwide computer-based distributed discussion system
news server, and those posts will automatically be forwarded to any other news servers peered with the preferred one, while the preferred server will
Usenet
enable them to request and display the information obtained from the server. Kearney, K.T.; Torelli, F. (2011). "The SLA Model". In Wieder, P.; Butler, J
Glossary_of_computer_science
Extension of Internet protocol
sending email messages; each server was by design an open mail relay. As a result, spam and worms, while not initially a problem, had become a plague by the
SMTP_Authentication
American mathematician
to the Mizohata–Takeuchi Conjecture" and uploaded to the arXiv preprint server on February 10, 2025. Later that year, she presented her work at the 12th
Hannah_Cairo
and modifying telnet links.[citation needed] This problem was solved by the invention of the web server. The first web browser, WorldWideWeb, was developed
History_of_the_web_browser
Software that systematically browses the World Wide Web
noted that the problem of web crawling can be modeled as a multiple-queue, single-server polling system, on which the web crawler is the server and the Web
Web_crawler
Facility used to house computer servers
operations worldwide. In 2011, server racks in data centers were designed for more than 25 kW, and the typical server was estimated to waste about 30%
Data_center
Information describing a problematic situation
classified as a warning to describe a potential problem or as purely informational (not about a problem). Additionally, not all error information is classified
Error_message
Conflict of interest when one person acts on another's behalf
The principal–agent problem (often abbreviated agency problem) refers to the conflict in interests and priorities that arises when one person or entity
Principal–agent_problem
Cryptographic network protocol
SSH server in Windows typically involves enabling a feature in the Settings app. SSH is important in cloud computing to solve connectivity problems, avoiding
Secure_Shell
Mail sent using electronic means
bounce message back to the sender, indicating the problem. Users can retrieve their messages from servers using standard protocols such as POP or IMAP, or
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
extension. The major problem being that the certificate needs to be reissued whenever a new virtual server is added. To provide the server name, Transport
Transport_Layer_Security
Distributed version control software system
refresh ourselves on what that means. The biggest problem with the old protocol is that the server would immediately list all of the branches, tags, and
Git
System allowing searching of encrypted documents
which it sends to the server. The server runs Search with E D {\displaystyle \mathbf {ED} } , I {\displaystyle \mathbf {I} } , and t k {\displaystyle tk}
Searchable symmetric encryption
Searchable_symmetric_encryption
Augmented password-authenticated key exchange protocol
client and server:") print(f'{H = }\n{N = :{F}}\n{g = :{F}}\n{k = :{F}}') print("\n0. server stores (I, s, v) in its password database") # The server must first
Secure Remote Password protocol
Secure_Remote_Password_protocol
Line of Intel microprocessors released in 2022
switching some of its customers to AMD-powered game servers because of the severity of the problems and the lack of prompt fixes. Gaming laptops have also
Raptor_Lake
American information technology company (1939–2015)
included personal computing devices, enterprise and industry standard servers, related storage devices, networking products, software, and a range of
Hewlett-Packard
Cryptographic attack that forces the use of weaker or no encryption
attacker to negotiate the use of a lower version of TLS between the client and server. This is one of the most common types of downgrade attacks. Opportunistic
Downgrade_attack
Computer communications protocol
proxy then makes a TCP connection to a particular server:port, and relays data between that server:port and the client connection. Because this creates
Tunneling_protocol
Algorithm for public-key cryptography
numbers, the "factoring problem". Breaking RSA encryption is known as the RSA problem. Whether it is as difficult as the factoring problem is an open question
RSA_cryptosystem
Type of database that uses vectors to represent other data
Subset of artificial intelligence Nearest neighbor search – Optimization problem in computer science Recommender system – System to predict users' preferences
Vector_database
Mathematical problem
following variants of the problem have been solved in the original paper: Discrete splitting: The necklace has k ⋅ n {\displaystyle k\cdot n} beads. The beads
Necklace_splitting_problem
Type of decentralized and distributed network architecture
at/doc/rfc/rfc1036.html Archived 2021-06-12 at the Wayback Machine Sharma, M. K. "CLIENT SERVER TECHNOLOGY" (PDF). SWAMI VIVEKANAND SUBHARTI UNIVERSITY. Ahson, Syed
Peer-to-peer
Measuring user behavior on the web
available. However, this only partially solves the problem because often users behind a proxy server have the same user agent. Other methods of uniquely
Web_analytics
Principal protocol used to stream data across an IP network
booting, and servers that serve simple requests from huge numbers of clients (e.g. DNS servers) the complexity of TCP can be a problem. Tricks such as
Transmission_Control_Protocol
Group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors
nodes and the end user as they typically forward data from the WSN on to a server. Other special components in routing based networks are routers, designed
Wireless_sensor_network
Computer authentication protocol
designers aimed it primarily at a client–server model, and it provides mutual authentication—both the user and the server verify each other's identity. Kerberos
Kerberos_(protocol)
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
sent to load-balancing servers running the Linux Virtual Server software, which in turn pass them to one of the Apache web servers for page rendering from
Wikipedia
Suite of IETF specifications
large networks. In normal operation DNS servers often get out of sync with their parents. This isn't usually a problem, but when DNSSEC is enabled, this out-of-sync
Domain Name System Security Extensions
Domain_Name_System_Security_Extensions
Type of machine learning model
AI tarpits, but some fear that tarpits will only worsen the burden on servers. Clinical and mental health contexts present emerging applications alongside
Large_language_model
Open access website
Crystallographic Server is an open access website offering online crystallographic database and programs aimed at analyzing, calculating and visualizing problems of
Bilbao Crystallographic Server
Bilbao_Crystallographic_Server
Linux distribution by Fedora Project
December 2014, three editions have been made available: personal computer, server and cloud computing. This was expanded to five editions for containerization
Fedora_Linux
Network addressing and routing methodology
such problems were not observed, and these objections dissipated by the early 2000s. Many initial anycast deployments consisted of DNS servers, using
Anycast
Graphical desktop-sharing system
forking has not led to compatibility problems because the RFB protocol is designed to be extensible. VNC clients and servers negotiate their capabilities with
VNC
Eighth-generation Intel Core microprocessor family
processors, the Coffee Lake Refresh family. To avoid running into thermal problems at high clock speeds, Intel soldered the integrated heat spreader (IHS)
Coffee_Lake
Italian technology company
briefly became free-to-play as a result of the service's authentication servers being shut down. Mergers and acquisitions "Bending Spoons S.p.A. Registration
Bending_Spoons
Discrete probability distribution
= k 1 , X 2 = k 2 ) = exp ( − λ 1 − λ 2 − λ 3 ) λ 1 k 1 k 1 ! λ 2 k 2 k 2 ! ∑ k = 0 min ( k 1 , k 2 ) ( k 1 k ) ( k 2 k ) k ! ( λ 3 λ 1 λ 2 ) k {\displaystyle
Poisson_distribution
Algorithm
general version of the distributed hash table problem: We are given a set of n {\displaystyle n} sites (servers or proxies, say). How can any set of clients
Rendezvous_hashing
Family of Unix-like operating systems that use the Linux kernel
the US K–12 education market and represents nearly 20 percent of sub-$300 laptop sales in the US. Linux is the leading operating system on servers (over
Linux
delays make it practically impossible to play live together. A further problem is jitter, a type of packet delay due to changes in latency over time,
Comparison of remote music performance software
Comparison_of_remote_music_performance_software
American retailing company
anti-virus systems. An unauthorized party accessed Transformco computer servers between June 3, 2021, and June 15, 2021, that held employee payroll and
Kmart
Probabilistic classification algorithm
parameterized by μ k {\displaystyle \mu _{k}} and σ k 2 {\displaystyle \sigma _{k}^{2}} . Formally, p ( x = v ∣ C k ) = 1 2 π σ k 2 e − ( v − μ k ) 2 2 σ k 2 {\displaystyle
Naive_Bayes_classifier
Fingerprinting algorithm
between the client and server, they compare their checksums and only transfer blocks whose checksums differ. But one problem with this scheme is that
Rabin_fingerprint
Data structure for approximate set membership
techniques can address this problem. The requirement of designing k different independent hash functions can be prohibitive for large k. For a good hash function
Bloom_filter
SQL database engine software
Server and the proprietary Enterprise Server. MySQL Enterprise Server is differentiated by a series of proprietary extensions which install as server
MySQL
Topics referred to by the same term
consecutive characters Live Communications Server, Microsoft product now known as Skype for Business Server Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories, a game
LCS
American supplier of servers and other information technology products
largest producers of high-performance and high-efficiency servers, while also providing server management software, and storage systems for various markets
Supermicro
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