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Kernel feature to share memory pages between multiple processes or virtualised guests
computing, kernel same-page merging (KSM), also known as kernel shared memory, memory merging, memory deduplication, and page deduplication is a kernel feature
Kernel_same-page_merging
Project for adding Rust language to Linux kernel
bugs when writing kernel drivers. Progress has been slower than hoped by both Rust advocates and Linus Torvalds, lead of the Linux kernel project. In December
Rust_for_Linux
Virtualization module in the Linux kernel
Hyper-V Kernel same-page merging (KSM) Lguest libguestfs Open Virtualization Alliance OpenNebula OpenStack Red Hat Virtualization Vx32 Xen "Linux kernel 2.6
Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine
Version history of the Linux kernel
of the Linux kernel, a free, open-source, and Unix-like kernel that is used on many computer systems worldwide. Since the Linux kernel's creation by Linus
Linux_kernel_version_history
Topics referred to by the same term
KSM may refer to: Kernel same-page merging, sharing identical computer memory pages among processes Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, terrorist held at Guantanamo
KSM
Free Unix-like operating system kernel
The Linux kernel is a free and open-source Unix-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds
Linux_kernel
Hardening technique in the Linux kernel
Kernel page-table isolation (KPTI or PTI, previously called KAISER) is a Linux kernel feature that mitigates the Meltdown security vulnerability (affecting
Kernel_page-table_isolation
Virtualization management platform
resources include CPU pinning, defining NUMA topology, enabling kernel same-page merging, memory over-provisioning, HA VM reservation etc. Virtual machine
OVirt
Programming technique for efficiently duplicating data
combined algorithm is similar to demand paging. Copy-on-write pages are also used in the Linux kernel's same-page merging feature. COW is also used in library
Copy-on-write
Software that emulates an entire computer
them to the same physical page by a technique termed kernel same-page merging (KSM). This is especially useful for read-only pages, such as those holding
Virtual_machine
Free and open-source Unix-like operating system
otherwise crash the kernel when loaded in memory. The 4.4BSD scheduler still remains the default, but was modified to scale with SMP, merging features from
NetBSD
Resource limit method in Linux
"container" in the Linux kernel context, and the control groups functionality was merged into the Linux kernel mainline in kernel version 2.6.24, which was
Cgroups
Operating system component
mapping them to the same physical page by a technique known as Kernel SamePage Merging. This is particularly useful for read-only pages, such as those that
System_virtual_machine
Computer security technique
of the stack, heap and libraries. When applied to the kernel, this technique is called kernel address space layout randomization (KASLR). The Linux PaX
Address space layout randomization
Address_space_layout_randomization
Divide and conquer sorting algorithm
elements are being sorted. The Linux kernel uses merge sort for its linked lists. Timsort, a tuned hybrid of merge sort and insertion sort is used in variety
Merge_sort
Distributed version control software system
created by Linus Torvalds for version control in the development of the Linux kernel. Design goals of Git include speed, data integrity, and support for distributed
Git
Linux kernel APIs and ABIs
The Linux kernel provides multiple interfaces to user-space and kernel-mode code. The interfaces can be classified as either application programming interface
Linux_kernel_interfaces
Subsystem of the Linux kernel
official Linux kernel. In 2010 the nouveau source code was merged into Linux 2.6.33 as an experimental driver. At the time of merging, the driver had
Direct_Rendering_Manager
student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel. The resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history
History_of_Linux
Signal to a computer processor emitted by hardware or software
the kernel (possibly via system calls) and handled by processes, while interrupts are mediated by the processor and handled by the kernel. The kernel may
Interrupt
Linux kernel security module
Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including
SELinux
Finnish and American software engineer (born 1969)
American software engineer who is the creator and lead developer of the Linux kernel since 1991. He also created the distributed version control system Git.
Linus_Torvalds
Free and open-source VPN protocol
incorporated into the Linux 5.6 kernel, and backported to earlier Linux kernels in some Linux distributions. The Linux kernel components are licensed under
WireGuard
Runtime system for operating systems
that can run programs in a privileged context such as the operating system kernel. It is the successor to the Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF, with the "e" originally
EBPF
Feature of the Linux kernel that partitions kernel resources
Namespaces are a feature of the Linux kernel that partition kernel resources such that one set of processes sees one set of resources, while another set
Linux_namespaces
Linux module for compressed RAM
zram, formerly called compcache, is a Linux kernel module for creating a compressed block device in RAM, i.e. a RAM disk with on-the-fly disk compression
Zram
Real-time operating system (RTOS) software
(see the help page). Dan Hildebrand (1992). "An Architectural Overview of QNX". Proceedings of the Workshop on Micro-kernels and Other Kernel Architectures:
QNX
Closed source version of Unix developed by SCO
for large files, increased memory, and multi-threaded kernel (light-weight processes). This merged codebase is UNIX System V Release 5 (SVR5) of which the
OpenServer
Structure of the operating system
resources of the computer. The Windows NT kernel is a hybrid kernel; the architecture comprises a simple kernel, hardware abstraction layer (HAL), drivers
Architecture_of_Windows_NT
Family of Unix-like operating systems
and open-source software Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, which was first released on 17 September 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Some members
Linux
Concept in computer security
patch was released to the Linux kernel mailing list on May 2, 2003, but was rejected for merging with the base kernel because it involved some intrusive
Executable-space_protection
Copy-on-write file system
the Linux kernel it may cross the boundaries of subvolumes under certain circumstances. The actual data blocks are not duplicated; at the same time, due
Btrfs
EDF-based task scheduler in the Linux kernel
SCHED_DEADLINE is a CPU scheduler available in the Linux kernel since version 3.14, based on the earliest deadline first (EDF) and constant bandwidth server
SCHED_DEADLINE
Canadian software engineer
contributions to high-performance systems software, including Linux kernel, Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM), the OSv unikernel, ScyllaDB, and Rust open
Glauber_Costa
Open standard for programming heterogenous computing systems, such as CPUs or GPUs
units, which in turn comprise multiple processing elements (PEs). A single kernel execution can run on all or many of the PEs in parallel. How a compute device
OpenCL
Device manager for the Linux kernel
set for the Linux kernel. As the successor of devfsd and hotplug, udev primarily manages device nodes in the /dev directory. At the same time, udev also
Udev
Unix operating system
UNIX/32V, did not take advantage of the VAX's virtual memory capabilities. The kernel of 32V was largely rewritten to include Berkeley graduate student Özalp
Berkeley Software Distribution
Berkeley_Software_Distribution
Log-structured file system for flash memory devices
included into the Linux kernel since September 23, 2001, when it was merged into the Linux kernel mainline as part of the kernel version 2.4.10 release
JFFS2
Source code that alters its instructions to the hardware while executing
via use of polymorphism. The Synthesis kernel presented in Alexia Massalin's Ph.D. thesis is a tiny Unix kernel that takes a structured, or even object-oriented
Self-modifying_code
Free and open-source Unix-like operating system
system, delivering a kernel, device drivers, userland utilities, and documentation, as opposed to Linux only delivering a kernel and drivers, and relying
FreeBSD
Australian physician
Linux kernel and on the development of the cryptographic currency mining software CGMiner. His Linux contributions include patches for the kernel to improve
Con_Kolivas
Journaling file system for Linux
included in version 2.6.19 of the Linux kernel. On 11 October 2008, the patches that mark ext4 as stable code were merged in the Linux 2.6.28 source code repositories
Ext4
Sharing of data between running processes in a computer system
asynchronous IPC mechanism. Merging data from two processes can often incur significantly higher costs compared to processing the same data on a single thread
Inter-process_communication
Software framework for audio
Sound Architecture (ALSA) is a software framework and part of the Linux kernel that provides an application programming interface (API) for sound card
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture
Project aiming to reduce the risk of attacks on Linux systems
executable later, so the kernel will allow an application to mark memory pages as both writable and executable at the same time. However, in cooperation
Exec_Shield
Packet alteration framework for Linux and the umbrella project for software of the same
Netfilter is a framework provided by the Linux kernel that allows various networking-related operations to be implemented in the form of customized handlers
Netfilter
Concept in memory management
free blocks of computer memory or cache are merged. Coalescing reduces external fragmentation by merging adjacent free blocks; it can be done eagerly
Coalescing_(computer_science)
Open-source implementation of ZFS file system
Linux kernel, couldn't be merged into the mainline Linux kernel, and Linux distributions generally did not include it as a precompiled kernel module
OpenZFS
I/O scheduler for the Linux kernel
Deadline is an I/O scheduler, or disk scheduler, for the Linux kernel. It was written in 2002 by Jens Axboe. The main purpose of the Deadline scheduler
Deadline_Scheduler
Technique for program analysis
execution time by parallelizing independent paths, or by merging similar paths. One example of merging is veritesting, which "employs static symbolic execution
Symbolic_execution
series Karsten Scheibler's Linux kernel driver and command-line utility Michael Krause's Linux block-device kernel driver Arjuna floppy controller software
Individual Computers Catweasel
Individual_Computers_Catweasel
Temporary file system on Unix-like systems
Hugh Dickins; KOSAKI Motohiro. "tmpfs.txt". kernel.org. Retrieved 2010-03-16. "NetBSD mount_mfs(8) man page". 2007-12-08. Archived from the original on
Tmpfs
Upcoming Marvel Studios film
the character should go through puberty-like changes to his powers, a "kernel of an idea" that the creative team liked and developed further. Another
Spider-Man:_Brand_New_Day
Tool to detect memory-related bugs
in the compiler supplying the -fsanitize=kernel-address command line option, since kernels do not use the same address space as normal programs. KASan
Code_sanitizer
Alternative operating system kernel for Atari ST
May 1990. The new Kernel got traction, with people contributing a port of the MINIX file system and a port to the Atari TT. At the same time, Atari was
MiNT
Distributed operating system by Huawei
5.x+ both discards the common Unix-like Linux kernel and replaces the previous multiple-kernel, kernel agnostic system from OpenHarmony with its own bespoke
HarmonyOS
Research distributed operating system
addition of a 386 PAE kernel, an amd64 cpu and terminal kernel, nupas, extra pc hardware support, IL and Ken's fs. Its home page hasn't been updated since
Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs
Method by which work is assigned
Cox in his Linux 2.4-ac Kernel series) to the Linux 2.4 kernel used by the distribution. In versions 2.6.0 to 2.6.22, the kernel used an O(1) scheduler
Scheduling_(computing)
German videotex service
the home users. In 1995, an enhanced backward-compatible standard called Kernel for Intelligent Communication Terminals (KIT) was announced, but this never
Bildschirmtext
Microsoft software project (1999–2001)
going to be the successor of Windows Me, though based on the NT kernel. Microsoft merged the teams working on Neptune with that of Windows Odyssey, Windows
Development_of_Windows_XP
Neapolitan dialect of Potenza, Italy
reminiscent of Eastern Romance: Latin /ŭ/ merges with /ū/ rather than with /ō/. Castelmezzano is but the kernel of an area, dubbed the Vorposten (German
Castelmezzano_dialect
Application programming interface
lightweight application programming interface (API) used by Windows NT's kernel and user mode applications. This API is used in the early stages of Windows
Windows_Native_API
Technical specification for firmware architecture
be called from the same processor mode as the firmware implementation. The Linux kernel added support for booting 64-bit kernels on 32-bit UEFI firmware
UEFI
Words pronounced the same but differing in meaning or spelling
Modern English period, but which is now still pronounced identically to kernel as if the r were still there in the spelling. The ye in dye is purposefully
Homophone
Text-based programming tool that allows for searching source code written in C
Kaiwan N. (2024). Linux Kernel Programming: A comprehensive and practical guide to kernel internals, writing modules, and kernel synchronization (Second ed
Cscope
Operating system from Sun Microsystems
series); since it had only a single lock for the kernel, only one CPU at a time could execute in the kernel. The last release of SunOS 4 was 4.1.4 (Solaris
SunOS
Type of access control
Whenever a subject attempts to access an object, the operating system kernel examines these security attributes, examines the authorization rules (aka
Mandatory_access_control
Operating system distribution
interface (ABI), Red Hat does not update the kernel version, but instead backports new features to the same kernel version with which a particular version
Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux
Application binary interface (ABI) of the Linux kernel
application binary interface (ABI) and one of the interfaces of the Linux kernel. The x32 ABI provides 32-bit integers, long and pointers (ILP32) on Intel
X32_ABI
and open-source software portal KGDB is a debugger for the Linux kernel and the kernels of NetBSD and FreeBSD. It requires two machines that are connected
KGDB
Heterogeneous computing architecture
confused with the I/O scheduler with the same name) since 2012. Alternatively, all the cores may be exposed to the kernel scheduler, which will decide where
ARM_big.LITTLE
MSDOS-like operating system
executables of the same file name, and it introduced an extended mode, in which SETVER could not only fake DOS versions, but also BDOS kernel versions. Sub-versions
DR-DOS
Topics referred to by the same term
may refer to: eXpress Data Path, high-performance data path merged into the Linux kernel XML Data Package, XML file format created by Adobe Systems in
XDP
Shared-disk file system for Linux computer clusters
1 (2005) Distributed lock manager Linux 2.6.19 - GFS2 and DLM merged into Linux kernel Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 releases the first fully supported
GFS2
Free and open-source library for 3D graphics rendering
such as OpenGL and the graphics hardware drivers in the operating system kernel. The supported version of the different graphic APIs depends on the driver
Mesa_(computer_graphics)
Flash file system
reliability, was incorporated into kernel 5.7. Prior to its being merged into the Linux kernel, this newer version had already seen adoption on Android smartphones
ExFAT
Linux kernel programmer
getting important infrastructure patches of the patch set merged into the Mainline Linux kernel. Between Linux 2.6.21 and Linux 2.6.24, he worked on the
Ingo_Molnár
Microkernel operating system
portion of the Mach kernel, the kernels of each OS are analogous enough to be considered to perform the same function. The Spring kernel includes only the
Spring_(operating_system)
Flash memory file system
flash file system initially developed by Samsung Electronics for the Linux kernel. The motive for F2FS was to build a file system that, from the start, takes
F2FS
Operating system
PDP-11/23) as well. The kernel required 31 KB of RAM, and the C compiler (provided along with the standard V6 toolset) had more or less the same size. Although
Idris_(operating_system)
Hardware timer used in personal computers
Linux operating systems using the 2.6 kernel (or later), FreeBSD and OpenSolaris.[citation needed] The Linux kernel can also use HPET as its clock source
High_Precision_Event_Timer
Framework
the DRI clients using the same graphics device. the access to the video card or graphics adapter is regulated by a kernel component called the Direct
Direct Rendering Infrastructure
Direct_Rendering_Infrastructure
Discontinued mobile operating system
Mentor Graphics' Nucleus RTOS kernel or Linux kernel, and was planned to become as middleware separated from an OS kernel, but development was discontinued
Bada_(operating_system)
Open-source version of SCSI target
merged into the Linux kernel mainline with version 2.6.38, which was officially released on March 14, 2011. Subsequent versions of the Linux kernel have
LIO_(SCSI_target)
Software copyright issue
under the same license, so it is now presumably relicensed, and proprietary (but still mostly open-source). KaiOS also uses the GPL Linux kernel also used
License_compatibility
Computing system
cards, and APUs based on Graphics Core Next (GCN), was merged into version 3.19 of the Linux kernel mainline, released on 8 February 2015. Programs do not
Heterogeneous System Architecture
Heterogeneous_System_Architecture
List of software distributions using the Linux kernel
code in the standard installs will be from FOSS solutions, including Linux kernel Modules. SUSE's enterprise Linux products are all based on the codebase
List_of_Linux_distributions
Large language model and AI chatbot by Anthropic
write a C compiler in Rust from scratch, "capable of compiling the Linux kernel". The experiment cost nearly $20,000; Carlini noted that even though the
Claude_(AI)
Journaling file system for Linux
paper, and later in a February 1999 kernel mailing list posting. The filesystem was merged with the mainline Linux kernel in November 2001 from 2.4.15 onward
Ext3
Linux distribution
Hemel demonstrated the application of package management, system services, kernel management, and other principles that defined NixOS. After continued development
NixOS
Series of free software licenses
software programs licensed under the GPL include the Linux operating system kernel and the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). David A. Wheeler argues that the
GNU_General_Public_License
Software that controls computer-graphics hardware
written for specific hardware to work within a specific operating system kernel and to support a range of APIs used by applications to access the graphics
Free and open-source graphics device driver
Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver
American musician and record label owner (born 1967)
front man Sooyoung Park. He played on their debut album Headsparks and the Kernel EP. In 2002, McCaughan teamed up with Robert Pollard of Guided by Voices
Mac_McCaughan
Fedora OS release dates
of the features in Fedora Core 1 included: Version 2.4.19 of the Linux kernel; Version 2.4 of the GNOME Desktop Environment (GNOME); Version 3.1 of the
Fedora_Linux_release_history
Collection of standard, Unix-based utilities from GNU
development philosophy util-linux – Package of Linux utilities from the Linux Kernel Organization "coreutils-9.11 released [stable]". 20 April 2026. Retrieved
GNU_Core_Utilities
Logical volume management system
mapper framework that provides logical volume management for the Linux kernel. Most modern Linux distributions are LVM-aware to the point of being able
Logical Volume Manager (Linux)
Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)
Real-time operating system
current thread to the active queue behind other threads at the same priority. Kernel – Contains task switching, memory allocation, and most non-I/O calls
OS-9
Interface used for connecting storage devices
was merged into the Linux kernel mainline on 18 January 2012 and released as part of version 3.3 of the Linux kernel on 19 March 2012. Linux kernel supports
NVM_Express
import" "git-submodule(1) Manual Page". Kernel.org. 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2014-01-26. "git-read-tree(1) Manual Page". kernel.org. 2014-08-24. Retrieved 2014-10-24
Comparison of version-control software
Comparison_of_version-control_software
Linux distribution by Fedora Project
estimated 1.2 million users, including Linus Torvalds, creator of the Linux kernel (as of November 2025[update]). Fedora has a reputation for focusing on innovation
Fedora_Linux
KERNEL SAME-PAGE-MERGING
KERNEL SAME-PAGE-MERGING
Surname or Lastname
Swedish
Swedish : ornamental name formed with the common surname suffix -ell. The first element is unexplained, possibly from a place-name.English, Scottish, and northern Irish : unexplained; possibly a respelling of Scottish Kerneil, a habitational name from Carneil in Carnock, Fife.
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, Arabic, Australian, British, Chinese, English, French, Greek, Jamaican
Sweet; Page; Young Child; A Young Attendant; Little Child; Server; Young Servant
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from a diminutive of Page.
Female
English
Feminine diminutive form of English unisex Page, PAGET means "little patrician; little servant."
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and French
English, Scottish, and French : status name for a young servant,
Middle English and Old French page (from Italian paggio,
ultimately from Greek paidion, diminutive of pais ‘boy’,
‘child’). The surname is also common in Ireland (especially Ulster and
eastern Galway), having been established there since the 16th century.North German : metonymic occupational name for
a horse dealer, from Middle Low German page ‘horse’.(Pagé) : North American form of French Paget.A Pagé, also known as Carsy, Quercy, and
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, English, Jamaican, Latin
Wise; Aromatic Herb; From the Spice; Prophet; Healthy; Profound Wisdom
Male
Polish
Polish form of Roman Latin Cornelius, KORNELI means "of a horn."
Girl/Female
Latin American
Wise.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Muriel, MERIEL means "sea-bright."
Female
English
Feminine form of English unisex Page, PAIGE means "page; young servant."
Male
Slovene
Slovene form of Greek Bartholomaios, JERNEJ means "son of Talmai."
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly London)
English (mainly London) : variant spelling of Page.
Boy/Male
Anglo, Australian, French, Jamaican
Page; Attendant; Server; Young Servant
Male
Romanian
Romanian form of Greek Kornelios, CORNEL means "of a horn."
Boy/Male
English French American
Wise one.
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of German Werner, VERNER means "Warin warrior," i.e. "covered warrior."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, English, French, Jamaican
Wise One; Healthy; Profound Wisdom
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : nickname for a wise man, from Middle English, Old French sage ‘learned’, ‘sensible’, from Latin sagus ‘prophetic’, akin to sagax ‘sharp’, ‘perceptive’.Irish : variant of Savage, via the Gaelicized form Sabhaois.German : habitational name from a place near Oldenburg, so named from an old word, sege ‘sedge’, ‘reed’.
Boy/Male
Anglo, Australian, French, Greek
Page; Attendant; Young; Assistant
Female
English
Medieval English contracted form of Roman Latin Petronel, PERONEL means "little rock."
KERNEL SAME-PAGE-MERGING
KERNEL SAME-PAGE-MERGING
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Person who has Excess in Everything
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Name of the first surah in the Quran
Boy/Male
Tamil
Pragathish | பà¯à®°à®•à®¤à®¿à®·
Boy/Male
British, Celtic, English, French
Mythical Hunter; God
Boy/Male
Muslim
A prophets name
Girl/Female
Indian
Earth
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Telugu
Born of Intellect
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Indian, Jain
Lion; Fish
Boy/Male
Scandinavian American Norse
Warrior chief.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sashikant | ஸஷீகாஂத
Moon stone, Moon loved
KERNEL SAME-PAGE-MERGING
KERNEL SAME-PAGE-MERGING
KERNEL SAME-PAGE-MERGING
KERNEL SAME-PAGE-MERGING
KERNEL SAME-PAGE-MERGING
n.
The herb sage, or salvia.
n.
A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; especially, a man venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher.
imp. & p. p.
of Kern
v. t.
To put or keep in a kennel.
imp. & p. p.
of Page
superl.
Proceeding from wisdom; well judged; shrewd; well adapted to the purpose.
superl.
Having nice discernment and powers of judging; prudent; grave; sagacious.
imp. & p. p.
of Kernel
superl.
Grave; serious; solemn.
n.
See Kimnel.
n.
Crooked; lame; as, a game leg.
n.
The central, substantial or essential part of anything; the gist; the core; as, the kernel of an argument.
n.
Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the page of history.
v. i.
To harden or ripen into kernels; to produce kernels.
n.
The type set up for printing a page.
a.
Full of kernels; resembling kernels; of the nature of kernels.
n.
A single seed or grain; as, a kernel of corn.
n.
A suffruticose labiate plant (Salvia officinalis) with grayish green foliage, much used in flavoring meats, etc. The name is often extended to the whole genus, of which many species are cultivated for ornament, as the scarlet sage, and Mexican red and blue sage.
v. t.
To attend (one) as a page.
n.
See Weanel.