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Structures of the Earth's mantle
Large low-shear-velocity provinces (LLSVPs), also called large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs) or superplumes, are characteristic structures within the
Large low-shear-velocity provinces
Large_low-shear-velocity_provinces
Regions in Earth's core-mantle boundary
appear to correlate with edges of the African and Pacific large low-shear-velocity provinces (LLSVPs) as well as the location of hotspots. ULVZs are discovered
Ultra-low_velocity_zone
Ancient planet that collided with Earth
Moon. Collision simulations support the idea that the two large low-shear-velocity provinces in the Earth's lower mantle may be remnants of Theia. Theia
Theia_(hypothetical_planet)
Seismic zone (geology)
degree of partial melting. Geophysical anomalies Large low-shear-velocity provinces Ultra-low velocity zone Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis Dzhanibekov
Low-velocity_zone
Layer of silicate rock
contains large low-shear-velocity provinces and ultra low velocity zones. The top of the mantle is defined by a sudden increase in seismic velocity, which
Earth's_mantle
Discontinuity where the bottom of the planet's mantle meets the outer layer of the core
zone and appear to be dominated by the African and Pacific large low-shear-velocity provinces (LLSVP). The uppermost section of the outer core is thought
Core–mantle_boundary
Region where Earth's magnetic field is weakest relative to an idealised dipole
panels in the process. Geomagnetic reversal Geomagnetic storm Large low-shear-velocity provinces Operation Argus Space weather Finlay, C.C.; Kloss, C.; Gillet
South_Atlantic_Anomaly
Possible future supercontinent
August 2011 suggests that the presence of relatively hot large low-shear-velocity provinces below Africa and the Pacific preventing convergent plate tectonics
Novopangaea
Fluid layer between Earth's solid inner core and its mantle
and then burn out. Hollow Earth Geological history of Earth Large low-shear-velocity provinces Lehmann discontinuity Rain-out model Seismic tomography –
Earth's_outer_core
Upwelling of abnormally hot rock within Earth's mantle
data show that mantle plumes can also be associated with Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs) and do move relative to each other. The current mantle
Mantle_plume
by a large increase in seismic velocity and are similar to light reflecting from a mirror. Hollow Earth Geological history of Earth Large low-shear-velocity
Internal_structure_of_Earth
Topics referred to by the same term
crater on Phoebe, one of Saturn's moons Jason, one of two Large low-shear-velocity provinces in the Earth's mantle JASON Project, a high school science
Jason_(disambiguation)
Landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton
through processes involving plumes and superplumes (a.k.a. large low-shear-velocity provinces). When a slab of the subducted crust is denser than the surrounding
Supercontinent
Canadian geologist and professor (1908–1993)
the Supercontinent cycle) bears his name. One of the two large low-shear-velocity provinces was given the name Tuzo after him, the other being named Jason
John_Tuzo_Wilson
Topics referred to by the same term
(chicken), a German true bantam chicken breed Tuzo, one of two Large low-shear-velocity provinces in the Earth's mantle This disambiguation page lists articles
Tuzo
Gradual movement of the planet's mantle
with other studies that suggest long-term stability of the large low-shear-velocity provinces of the lowermost mantle that form the base of these upwellings
Mantle_convection
Claim of past rapid changes of the Earth's axis
have occurred twice. Dzhanibekov effect Large low-shear-velocity provinces Low-velocity zone Ultra low velocity zone Inner core super-rotation Intermediate
Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
Cataclysmic_pole_shift_hypothesis
Imaging technique used in seismology
the formation of mantle plumes. These large low-shear velocity provinces as well as smaller ultra low velocity zones have been consistently observed across
Seismic_tomography
Region from 660 to 2900 km below Earth's surface
postulated reference frames in which mantle hotspots exist. Large low-shear-velocity provinces Kaminsky, Felix V. (2017). The Earth's lower mantle: composition
Lower_mantle
Scientific study of earthquakes and propagation of elastic waves through a planet
scientists to identify convection cells and other large-scale features such as the large low-shear-velocity provinces near the core–mantle boundary. Public controversy
Seismology
Hypothesis of the formation of the Moon
This collision, simulations have supported, would have been at a low enough velocity so as not to form a crater; instead, the material from the smaller
Giant-impact_hypothesis
Huge regional accumulation of igneous rocks
with increasing ages, LIPs at the point of origin of the track, low shear wave velocity indicating high temperatures below the current location of the
Large_igneous_province
Volcanism away from plate margins
paleomagnetic data show that mantle plumes can be associated with Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs) and do move. Two largely independent convective processes
Intraplate_volcanism
Chain of volcanoes in the Gulf of Guinea
another scenario is the rising of mantle material from African Large low-shear-velocity provinces travels under Congo Craton and through existing fractures
Cameroon_line
British geologist (1929–2018)
between the two large-scale structures in the lowermost part of the Earth mantle (Large Low Shear-wave Velocity Provinces, or LLSVPs), the large-scale geometry
Kevin_C._A._Burke
Volcanic hotspot in the southern Pacific Ocean
be anchored to a deep mantle structure that is one of the large low-shear-velocity provinces (superplumes). It is one of four (the others being the Marquesas
Rarotonga_hotspot
Large igneous province and subsurface plateau in the Pacific Ocean
the 7.8 Mw 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake. Campbell Plateau Large low-shear-velocity provinces Tonga-Kermadec Ridge Hoernle et al. 2010, Geological overview
Hikurangi_Plateau
Large region of volcanic rock in Russia
Asia: Absolute paleogeographic reconstructions of the African Large Low-Shear-Velocity Province". Geotectonics. 45 (6): 415–438. doi:10.1134/S0016852111060045
Siberian_Traps
Thunderstorm that is characterized by the presence of a mesocyclone
though, even weak tornadoes with sufficient low level shear. Supercells can produce hailstones averaging as large as two inches (5.1 cm) in diameter, winds
Supercell
Weather phenomenon
portions of the band from shearing off. However, assuming the surface to 700 mb (70 kPa) winds are uniform, a faster overall velocity works to transport moisture
Lake-effect_snow
Area of igneous rock in Skagerrak strait
(620 mi) from the plume centre. Plumes derived from a superplume (or Large Low Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP)) overlay the boundary of the superplume at the
Skagerrak-Centered Large Igneous Province
Skagerrak-Centered_Large_Igneous_Province
directed away from a large area in the southern Pacific. At the core–mantle boundary below this area there is a large low-shear velocity province (LLSVP)
Geology_of_the_Pacific_Ocean
Erosion of sediment near bridge foundations by water
occurs over a whole cross-section as a result of the increased velocities and bed shear stresses arising from a narrowing of the channel by a construction
Bridge_scour
Strong surface-level winds that radiate from a single point
apart from common wind shear which can encompass greater areas. Fujita also coined the term macroburst for downbursts larger than 4 km (2.5 mi). When
Downburst
Violently rotating column of air
a "rolling" effect (often exemplified through a roll cloud). If low level wind shear is strong enough, the rotation can be turned vertically or diagonally
Tornado
Major earthquakes in the Turkey–Syria border region
installations, two at Antakya and one at Hassa, recorded large ground accelerations and velocities. The town of Hassa recorded 0.9082 g in ground acceleration
2023_Turkey–Syria_earthquakes
Aid for drilling boreholes into the ground
drill bit. Fluids that have shear thinning and elevated viscosities are efficient for hole cleaning. Higher annular velocity improves cutting transport
Drilling_fluid
Pacific typhoon in 2026
continued to organize over very warm sea surface temperatures and low vertical wind shear. Both agencies later upgraded Bavi into a typhoon as it quickly
Typhoon_Bavi_(2026)
Sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body
shear planes oriented 35 degrees to the sides of the dock. This bulldozer-like action produces a blunter dike tip. At the greatest depths, the shear planes
Dike_(geology)
Large igneous province from the early to middle Permian
The Panjal Traps can, nevertheless, be linked to the African large low-shear-velocity province (or superplume) and, as such, is most likely responsible
Panjal_Traps
Form of body armor that protects the torso from some projectiles
stress can be spread out over a large enough area that the cone moves out at an appreciable velocity compared with the velocity of the projectile, stress will
Bulletproof_vest
Earthquake impacting Myanmar and Thailand
rupture is thought to have propagated at speeds in excess of the shear wave velocity, making this an example of a supershear earthquake. Italy's National
2025_Myanmar_earthquake
east and the other northeast. The formation of the oldest fault, Gezhen shear fault, can even be dated back to the Precambrian times. The multiple stages
Geology_of_Hainan_Island
Device to generate electricity from wind
composites, fiber sizing or inter-laminar layers can improve fatigue resistance, shear or compressive strength, and fracture toughness of the composites by 30%
Wind_turbine
Transition between oceanic and continental lithosphere that is not an active plate margin
sediments) and low P wave velocities (<7.0 km/s) in the lower part of the transitional crust. Volcanic margins form part of large igneous provinces, which are
Passive_margin
North Indian Ocean cyclone in 2007
Andaman Islands, with a weak low-level circulation near the Nicobar Islands. Initially moderate upper-level wind shear inhibited organization, while
Cyclone_Sidr
Mountain range in Asia
northward towards Asia with a velocity of ca. 20 cm/yr, a plate velocity that exceeds any modern example. This velocity considerably slowed to ca. 5 cm/yr
Himalayas
Marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean
basin is suggestive of strong shear in the flow during different times of the year, and further indicates the presence of low frequency geophysical waves
Andaman_Sea
Study of physical and chemical properties of rocks
They measure the compressional (P) wave velocity of sound through the rock and the shear (S) wave velocity and use these with the density of the rock
Petrophysics
Second of the big five mass extinctions
of the Siberian continent based on interaction with the African large low shear velocity province". Earth-Science Reviews. 148 (1–2): 1–33. Bibcode:2010ESRv
Late_Devonian_mass_extinction
Materials used to simulate geological processes
"Force chains in seismogenic faults visualized with photoelastic granular shear experiments". Journal of Geophysical Research. 113 (B11): B11411. Bibcode:2008JGRB
Rock analogs for structural geology
Rock_analogs_for_structural_geology
Shield volcano in Oregon, United States
under Newberry Volcano, P and S seismic waves exhibit an unusually low wave velocity. The Earth's crust thins from 31 miles (50 km) at the nearby Three
Newberry_Volcano
1920s period of sustained economic prosperity in Western Europe and North America
wheat economy of the early part of the century, the prairie provinces were troubled by low wheat prices. This played an important role in the development
Roaring_Twenties
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
Pole–Aitken basin. Other large impact basins such as Imbrium, Serenitatis, Crisium, Smythii, and Orientale possess regionally low elevations and elevated
Moon
Well drilled to extract crude oil and/or gas
as an asset – in large part because during a drop in the price of oil and gas, a well may be unproductive, but if prices rise, even low-production wells
Oil_well
2012 earthquake near Aceh Province, Indonesia
according to the kinematic source inversion. The rupture was caused by ductile shear heating instability which is different from frictional failure and operates
2012_Indian_Ocean_earthquakes
Process of reconstructing the positions of tectonic plates in the geological past
paleogeography to the large-scale structures in the lower mantle, commonly referred to as Large Low Shear-wave Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs). It has been
Plate_reconstruction
Pursuit of severe weather conditions
Morning or early afternoon storms tend to be associated with stronger wind shear and thus most often happen earlier in the spring season or later during
Storm_chasing
Ecuadorian volcanic archipelago
the Galápagos Hotspot is at the northern boundary of the Pacific Large Low Shear Velocity Province while the Easter Hotspot is on the southern boundary.
Galápagos_Islands
Model of volcanic activities on Earth
120. Presnall, D.; Gudfinnsson, G. (2011). "Oceanic volcanism from the low-velocity zone – without mantle plumes". Journal of Petrology. 52 (7–8): 1533–1546
Plate_theory_(volcanism)
Pacific typhoon in 2005
system a tropical depression. Situated in a region characterized by low wind shear and favorable upper-level divergence, steady intensification ensued
Typhoon_Longwang
Movement of Earth's lithosphere
soaked with water, and water plays an important role in the development of shear zones. Plate tectonics requires weak surfaces in the crust along which crustal
Plate_tectonics
Profession that helps a disabled person function in everyday life
Electrodiagnostic testing (e.g., electromyograms and nerve conduction velocity testing) may also be used. PT management commonly includes the prescription
Physical_therapy
tornado crossed Gum Springs Rd where it intensified to low-end EF4 strength, sweeping away a large two-story mansion off its foundation. Peak wind speeds
Tornadoes_of_2010
Pacific tropical storm in 1991
north and bypassing Kyushu, Gladys began to encounter significant wind shear, which caused weakening. Gladys veered west, interacting with land. Gladys
Tropical_Storm_Gladys_(1991)
Continental rift zone in the southwest United States
very low seismic velocities in the upper mantle above approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) depth associated with relatively hot mantle and low degrees
Rio_Grande_rift
Category 1 tropical cyclone in 2019
(84–86 °F), an excellent upper-level poleward outflow channel and low vertical wind shear. The United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued
Cyclone_Lili_(2019)
Hierarchical outline list of articles related to oceanography
distinct from surrounding water Wind stress – The shear stress exerted by the wind on the surface of large bodies of water Biological oceanography – The study
Outline_of_oceanography
Exploration of subsurface properties with seismology
density of air are very low compared to those of rocks so the surface of the Earth is approximately a free surface. Low velocity, low frequency and high amplitude
Reflection_seismology
Eurasian sea northeast of the Mediterranean
speeds are found locally, inducing significant turbulence and vertical shear. This allows for turbulent mixing of the two layers. Surface water leaves
Black_Sea
Category 2 Atlantic hurricane in 2008
Mexico, conditions became favorable for additional intensification, with low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures. Dolly strengthened steadily beginning
Hurricane_Dolly_(2008)
Category 1 Atlantic hurricane
currents, causing the storm's movement to be erratic. Moderate vertical wind shear and dry air hindered the development of thunderstorm activity or convection
Hurricane_Leslie_(2018)
Broad southernmost part of the African continental shelf
(78 mi) and its velocity decreases from 208 cm/s (82 in/s) to 136 cm/s (54 in/s). An ACM induces a strong inshore counter-current. Large-scale cyclonic
Agulhas_Bank
Pacific typhoon in 2006
155 km/h (100 mph) shortly after regaining typhoon strength. However, wind shear and dry air began to take its toll on Utor thereafter, quickly weakening
Typhoon_Utor_(2006)
Category 2 Atlantic hurricane
1878 Haiti–Florida hurricane, also known as the Kissimmee hurricane, was a large, slow-moving Atlantic hurricane that was the most severe to impact the island
1878_Haiti–Florida_hurricane
Rock formation that forms the basement rock of the southern Pacific Northwest coast
; Heller, P. L. (March 1988), "The relative contribution of accretion, shear, and extension to Cenozoic tectonic rotation in the Pacific Northwest",
Siletzia
Weather event in the United States
60 °F (16 °C). A strong low-pressure area over the central Great Lakes and its associated cold front combined with intense wind shear to provide a favorable
Tornado outbreak sequence of January 7–11, 2008
Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_January_7–11,_2008
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LARGE LOW-SHEAR-VELOCITY-PROVINCES
LARGE LOW-SHEAR-VELOCITY-PROVINCES
Boy/Male
Tamil
Velocity
Boy/Male
Hindu
Velocity
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Shear.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : metonymic occupational name for a boatman, from Middle English, Old French barge ‘boat’, ‘barge’.Dutch : variant of Berg.
Female
English
English form of French Félicie, FELICITY means "happy" or "lucky."
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Spear-man
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Shear.
Boy/Male
English
Spear.
Female
English
Short form of English Margaret, MARGE means "pearl."
Male
Greek
(Λώτ) Greek form of Hebrew Lowt, LOT means "covering, veil." In the bible, this is the name of a nephew of Abraham and father of Moab.
Male
Polish
 Polish form of Yiddish Lev, LEW means "lion." Compare with another form of Lew.
Male
English
 Short form of English Lewis, LEW means "famous warrior." Compare with another form of Lew.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Shear 1.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a beautiful or radiant person, or one with fair hair, from Middle English scher, schir ‘bright’, ‘fair’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Shear 1.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : variant spelling of Scher.
Male
Iranian/Persian
(شیر) Persian name SHER means "lion."
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : nickname (literal or ironic) meaning ‘generous’, from Middle English, Old French large ‘generous’, ‘free’ (Latin largus ‘abundant’). The English word came to acquire its modern sense only gradually during the Middle Ages; it is used to mean ‘ample in quantity’ in the 13th century, and the sense ‘broad’ first occurs in the 14th. This use is probably too late for the surname to have originated as a nickname for a fat man.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : topographic name for someone who lived near a tumulus, mound or hill, Middle English lowe, from Old English hlÄw (see Law 2).Scottish and English : nickname for a short man, from Middle English lah, lowe (Old Norse lágr; the word was adopted first into the northern dialects of Middle English, where Scandinavian influence was strong, and then spread south, with regular alteration of the vowel quality).English and Scottish (of Norman origin) : nickname for a violent or dangerous person, from Anglo-Norman French lou, leu ‘wolf’ (Latin lupus). Wolves were relatively common in Britain at the time when most surnames were formed, as there still existed large tracts of uncleared forest.Scottish : from a pet form of Lawrence. Compare Lowry 1.Americanized spelling of Jewish Lowe.
Boy/Male
British, English
Laurel
Male
English
 English short form of Spanish Alonso, LON means "noble and ready." Compare with another form of Lon.
LARGE LOW-SHEAR-VELOCITY-PROVINCES
LARGE LOW-SHEAR-VELOCITY-PROVINCES
LARGE LOW-SHEAR-VELOCITY-PROVINCES
LARGE LOW-SHEAR-VELOCITY-PROVINCES
LARGE LOW-SHEAR-VELOCITY-PROVINCES
LARGE LOW-SHEAR-VELOCITY-PROVINCES
LARGE LOW-SHEAR-VELOCITY-PROVINCES
v. t.
To pierce with a spear; to kill with a spear; as, to spear a fish.
superl.
Not loud; as, a low voice; a low sound.
v. t.
To produce a change of shape in by a shear. See Shear, n., 4.
superl.
Deficient in vital energy; feeble; weak; as, a low pulse; made low by sickness.
v. t.
To separate or sever with shears or a similar instrument; to cut off; to clip (something) from a surface; as, to shear a fleece.
superl.
Wanting strength or animation; depressed; dejected; as, low spirits; low in spirits.
superl.
Depressed in the scale of sounds; grave; as, a low pitch; a low note.
v. t.
To gather and bind into a sheaf; to make into sheaves; as, to sheaf wheat.
n.
Anything in the form of shears.
superl.
Exceeding most other things of like kind in bulk, capacity, quantity, superficial dimensions, or number of constituent units; big; great; capacious; extensive; -- opposed to small; as, a large horse; a large house or room; a large lake or pool; a large jug or spoon; a large vineyard; a large army; a large city.
n.
Shears See Shear.
v. t.
To cut, clip, or sever anything from with shears or a like instrument; as, to shear sheep; to shear cloth.
v. t.
To shear.
n.
Quickness of motion; swiftness; speed; celerity; rapidity; as, the velocity of wind; the velocity of a planet or comet in its orbit or course; the velocity of a cannon ball; the velocity of light.
v. i.
Being only what it seems to be; obvious; simple; mere; downright; as, sheer folly; sheer nonsense.
v. t.
A pair of shears; -- now always used in the plural, but formerly also in the singular. See Shears.
adv.
With a low voice or sound; not loudly; gently; as, to speak low.
n.
A large, roomy boat for the conveyance of passengers or goods; as, a ship's barge; a charcoal barge.
superl.
Moderate; not intense; not inflammatory; as, low heat; a low temperature; a low fever.
v. i.
To deviate. See Sheer.
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