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Process of becoming a word or adding words to a language
linguistics, lexicalization is the process of adding words, set phrases, or word patterns to a language's lexicon. Whether word formation and lexicalization refer
Lexicalization
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up lexical in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Lexical may refer to: Lexical corpus or lexis, a complete set of all words in a language Lexical item
Lexical
Vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge
central role of the lexicon is documenting established lexical norms and conventions. Lexicalization is the process by which new words, having gained widespread
Lexicon
Conversion of character sequences into token sequences in computer science
analyzer back to the lexer, which complicates design. Lexical frequency analysis Lexicalization Lexical semantics List of parser generators "Anatomy of a
Lexical_analysis
Personality traits reflected in language
In personality psychology, the lexical hypothesis (also known as the fundamental lexical hypothesis, lexical approach, or sedimentation hypothesis) generally
Lexical_hypothesis
Similarity of languages' vocabulary (lexicon)
In linguistics, lexical similarity is a measure of the degree to which the word sets of two given languages are similar. A lexical similarity of 1 (or
Lexical_similarity
Complexity of communication
Lexical density is a concept in computational linguistics that measures the structure and complexity of human communication in a language. Lexical density
Lexical_density
Formal grammar defining the syntax of tokens
In computer science, a lexical grammar or lexical structure is a formal grammar defining the syntax of tokens. The program is written using characters
Lexical_grammar
Group of words that fall under a single category
between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. A lexical set is a group of words that share a particular vowel or consonant sound
Lexical_set
Subfield of linguistic semantics
1893. Linguistics portal Content word Lexical analysis Lexical chain Lexicalization Lexical markup framework Lexical verb Minimal recursion semantics Ontology
Lexical_semantics
Digital database of words
machine-readable edition of lexical resources exist, e.g., Lexical Markup Framework (LMF) an ISO standard for encoding lexical resources, comprising an abstract
Lexical_resource
Method of teaching foreign languages
The lexical approach refers to various methods of teaching foreign languages with focus on lexical units of various sizes. On the smaller end, the lexical
Lexical_approach
Part of a computer program where a given name binding is valid
practice, with lexical scope a name is resolved by searching the local lexical context, then if that fails, by searching the outer lexical context, and
Scope_(computer_programming)
A lexical function (LF) is a tool developed within Meaning-Text Theory for the description and systematization of semantic relationships, specifically
Lexical_function
Words inherited by different languages
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in
Cognate
Category of words based on shared grammatical properties in a clause
traditional scheme does—include word class, lexical class, and lexical category. Some authors restrict the term lexical category to refer only to a particular
Part_of_speech
Lexical simplification is a sub-task of text simplification. It can be defined as any lexical substitution task that reduces text complexity. Lexical
Lexical_simplification
Theoretical rules of syntax
lexical rule is a form of syntactic rule used within many theories of natural language syntax. These rules alter the argument structures of lexical items
Lexical_rule
Concept in linguistics
In linguistics, specifically the sub-field of lexical semantics, the concept of lexical innovation includes the use of neologism or new meanings (so-called
Lexical_innovation
Generalised alphabetical order
mathematics, the lexicographic or lexicographical order (also known as lexical order, or dictionary order) is a generalization of the alphabetical order
Lexicographic_order
Grammar framework in theoretical linguistics
Lexical functional grammar (LFG) is a constraint-based grammar framework in theoretical linguistics. It posits several parallel levels of syntactic structure
Lexical_functional_grammar
Lexical substitution is the task of identifying a substitute for a word in the context of a clause. For instance, given the following text: "After the
Lexical_substitution
Lexical diversity is one aspect of 'lexical richness' and refers to the ratio of different unique word stems (types) to the total number of words (tokens)
Lexical_diversity
Word consisting of two words
portmanteau, also known in linguistics and lexicography as a blend word, lexical blend, or simply a blend, is a word formed by combining the meanings and
Portmanteau
When people agree on terminology in a given conversation
In conversational linguistics, lexical entrainment is the phenomenon by which a speaker adopts the referential terms used by their interlocutor. It acts
Lexical_entrainment
Series of ancient Mesopotamian glossaries
The cuneiform lexical lists are a series of ancient Mesopotamian glossaries which preserve the semantics of Sumerograms, their phonetic value and their
Lexical_lists
Word, word part or word chain
In lexicography[citation needed], a lexical item is a single word, a part of a word, or a chain of words (catena) that forms the basic elements of a language's
Lexical_item
Process of words becoming part of a language grammar
counterexamples as cases of lexicalization in which a grammatical form is incorporated into a lexical item but does not itself become a lexical item. An example
Grammaticalization
Semantic way in which a verb is structured in relation to time
In linguistics, the lexical aspect, situation type or Aktionsart (German pronunciation: [ʔakˈtsi̯oːnsˌʔaːɐ̯t], plural Aktionsarten German pronunciation:
Lexical_aspect
Scientific study of language
according to aspects of meaning: "semantics" refers to grammatical and lexical meanings, while "pragmatics" is concerned with meaning in context. Within
Linguistics
Canadian linguist
Her premier work is Lexicalization and Language Change, which focuses on understanding the relationship between lexicalization and grammaticalization
Laurel_J._Brinton
A lexical chain is a sequence between two semantically related ordered words in writing. It can span narrow (adjacent words or sentences) or wide context
Lexical_chain
Set of names by which an individual is known
by a comma (e.g. Jobs, Steve or Van Gerwen, Michael) representing the "lexical name order". This convention is followed by most Western libraries, as
Personal_name
Concept in linguistics
traditional approach, nouns were said to name objects and other entities, lexical verbs to indicate actions, adjectives to refer to attributes of entities
Content_word
ISO standard
Language resource management – Lexical markup framework (LMF; ISO 24613), produced by ISO/TC 37, is the ISO standard for natural language processing (NLP)
Lexical_Markup_Framework
West Germanic language
monolingual English speakers, the primary influence of Norman was as a lexical superstratum, introducing a wide range of loanwords related to politics
English_language
Rare disorder in which a person's lexicon is perceived as taste
Lexical–gustatory synesthesia is a rare form of synesthesia in which spoken and written language (as well as some colors and emotions) causes individuals
Lexical–gustatory_synesthesia
Technique for creating lexically scoped first class functions
programming languages, a closure, also lexical closure or function closure, is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with
Closure (computer programming)
Closure_(computer_programming)
American linguist (born 1939)
framework that incorporates several aspects of grammaticalization and lexicalization within a unified theory of how new meaning-new form constructions arise
Elizabeth_C._Traugott
Linguistic emphasis on syllables or words
English and Russian, have lexical stress, where the position of stress in a word is not predictable in that way but lexically encoded. Sometimes more than
Stress_(linguistics)
Word borrowed from a donor language and incorporated into a recipient language
use of the French term déjà vu, are known as adoptions, adaptations, or lexical borrowings. Although colloquial and informal register loanwords are typically
Loanword
First-century Jewish preacher and religious leader
Hebrew: 4886. מָשַׁח (mashach)". biblehub.com. Retrieved 21 January 2026. Lexical summary: "to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint" "χριστός Greek Word Study Tool"
Jesus
Theory in linguistics
Lexical field theory, or word-field theory, was introduced on March 12, 1931, by the German linguist Jost Trier. He argued that words acquired their meaning
Lexical_field_theory
Modification or development of a language
hypothesize sound changes that may have taken place in them. The study of lexical changes forms the diachronic portion of the science of onomasiology. The
Language_change
Grammatical and lexical linking in text
Cohesion is the grammatical and lexical linking within a text or sentence that holds a text together and gives it meaning. It is related to the broader
Cohesion_(linguistics)
Grammar of the Japanese language
phonotactics, a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent. Word order is normally subject–object–verb with
Japanese_grammar
Current acceptance level of a word formation process
are in frequent use to less frequently used ones that tend towards lexicalization. Generally the test of productivity concerns identifying which grammatical
Productivity_(linguistics)
Set of words grouped by meaning referring to a specific subject
the lexical structure of different languages and different states of the same language. The origin of the field theory of semantics is the lexical field
Semantic_field
Irving L. (1983). The Language of Ethnic Conflict: Social Organization and Lexical Culture. Columbia University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-231-05557-4. Retrieved
List_of_ethnic_slurs
Fundamental unit of cognition
embedded in domain-specific theories, while conceptual atomism argues that lexical concepts are separate units without internal structure. Philosophers debate
Concept
Lexical choice is the subtask of Natural language generation that involves choosing the content words (nouns, non-auxiliary verbs, adjectives, and adverbs)
Lexical_choice
Dictionary-style definition of a word
The lexical definition of a term, also known as the dictionary definition, describes the meaning of a word in terms of other words, and it is the style
Lexical_definition
Latin influences on the Germanic language of English
learning brought a steady, though dramatically reduced, influx of new Latin lexical borrowings. Since subjects like science and philosophy (including rhetoric
Latin_influence_in_English
Archipelagic country in Southeast Asia
ISBN 978-1-317-85108-0. Reid, Lawrence A. (June 1, 1994). "Possible Non-Austronesian Lexical Elements in Philippine Negrito Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 33 (1)
Philippines
Creole language in the Dutch Caribbean
centuries, and has been influenced considerably by Dutch and Spanish. Due to lexical similarities between Portuguese and Spanish, it is difficult to pinpoint
Papiamento
Type of verb indicating more than just grammar
linguistics a lexical verb or main verb is a member of an open class of verbs that includes all verbs except auxiliary verbs. Lexical verbs typically
Lexical_verb
Topics referred to by the same term
called LS-category or simply category Categorical data, in statistics Lexical category, a part of speech such as noun, preposition, etc. Syntactic category
Category
Use of pitch to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning
tone is the use of pitch contour, pitch register, or both to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or to inflect words. In
Tone_(linguistics)
General-purpose programming language
an imperative procedural language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, with a static type system. It was designed
C_(programming_language)
Study of words and their formation
depends on the quality (voiced vs. unvoiced) of the final preceding phoneme. Lexical morphology is the branch of morphology that deals with the lexicon that
Morphology_(linguistics)
Non-language factors that enhance understanding of communication
users adapt the properties of their language use (such as intonation, lexical choice, syntax, and other aspects of formulation) to the current communicative
Context
Type of database that uses vectors to represent other data
each other. Vector retrieval can be combined with metadata filtering or lexical search to support filtered and hybrid retrieval workflows. Common techniques
Vector_database
Soft redirect to Wiktionary
"lexical correspondence", but its sister project Wiktionary does: Read the Wiktionary entry "lexical correspondence" You can also: Search for Lexical correspondence
Lexical_correspondence
Structured system of communication
linguistic hypotheses, and historical linguistics relies on grammatical and lexical descriptions of languages to trace their individual histories and reconstruct
Language
Psycholinguistic procedure
The lexical decision task (LDT) is a procedure used in many psychology and psycholinguistics experiments. The basic procedure involves measuring how quickly
Lexical_decision_task
System of phonetic notation
IPA is designed to represent those qualities of speech that are part of lexical (and, to a limited extent, prosodic) sounds in spoken (oral) language:
International Phonetic Alphabet
International_Phonetic_Alphabet
Word that is derived from, or suggestive of, the Latin language
Latinisms has a long history, dating back to the ancient times. Early lexical Latinisms are attested in various languages that came into contact with
Latinism
Indo-Aryan language
72. ISBN 978-1-4438-6260-8. Although it has borrowed a large number of lexical items from Persian and some from Turkish, it is a derivative of Hindvi
Urdu
Northwest Semitic supreme deity
(help) Kogan, Leonid (2015), Genealogical Classification of Semitic: The Lexical Isoglosses. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 147. Matthews 2004, p. 79. Gelb 1961
El_(deity)
Identification of which sense of a word is being used
including dictionary-based methods that use the knowledge encoded in lexical resources, supervised machine learning methods in which a classifier is
Word-sense_disambiguation
Language influencing or influenced by another through contact
England's history, Old Norse served as an adstrate, contributing to the lexical structure of Old English. The phenomenon is less common today in standardized
Stratum_(linguistics)
Bilingual lexical access is an area of psycholinguistics that studies the activation or retrieval process of the mental lexicon for bilingual people.
Bilingual_lexical_access
Morpheme placed at the end of a word
carry grammatical information (inflectional endings) or lexical information (derivational/lexical suffixes). Inflection changes the grammatical properties
Suffix
Central Semitic language
in 1836 and led a translation campaign that highlighted the need for a lexical injection in Arabic, to suit concepts of the industrial and post-industrial
Arabic
Analysis of facts to form a judgment
Lesley. (ed.) The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (1993) p. 551. "Lexical Investigations: Critical Thinking – Everything After Z by Dictionary.com"
Critical_thinking
Timing, rhythm, and intonation of speech
may be studied in relation to individual words (named "word stress" or lexical stress) or in relation to larger units of speech (traditionally referred
Prosody_(linguistics)
Country in Southeast Asia
Mei, Tsu-lin (1976). "The Austroasiatics in Ancient South China: Some Lexical Evidence". Monumenta Serica. 32: 274–301. doi:10.1080/02549948.1976.11731121
Vietnam
Psychological test
A verbal fluency test is a kind of psychological test in which a participant is asked to produce as many words as possible from a category in a given time
Verbal_fluency_test
Type of uncertainty of meaning where several interpretations are possible
is difficult to specify the meaning at the desired level of precision. Lexical ambiguity is contrasted with semantic ambiguity.[citation needed] The former
Ambiguity
Sequence of characters that forms a search pattern
text editors, in text processing utilities such as sed and AWK, and in lexical analysis. Regular expressions are supported in many programming languages
Regular_expression
Country in Central Africa
communities. Brazil has also been promoting the language in Africa. The lexical similarity and comparable phonology of French to Portuguese makes it a
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Capacity for a sign to have multiple related meanings
dislexified) in languages. A lexical conception of polysemy was developed by B. T. S. Atkins, in the form of lexical implication rules. These are rules
Polysemy
Words supplying mainly grammatical information, rather than content information
linguistics, function words (also called functors) are words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning and express grammatical relationships
Function_word
Word classes, largely corresponding to traditional parts of speech
sense). Word classes considered as syntactic categories may be called lexical categories, as distinct from phrasal categories. The terminology is somewhat
Syntactic_category
Persian religion founded in the 3rd century AD
influence affected the everyday beliefs of the indigenous peoples and the lexical composition of their languages. In the East, it spread along trade routes
Manichaeism
Sino-Tibetan dialect cluster
Tamang, Southwestern Tamang, Eastern Gorkha Tamang, and Western Tamang. Lexical similarity between Eastern Tamang (which is regarded as the most prominent)
Tamang_language
Linguistic concept
In lexical semantics, opposites are words lying in an inherently incompatible binary relationship. For example, something that is even entails that it
Opposite
Nairobi urban-based youth slang
Entrepreneurship in Africa 4, no. 1 (2013): 1-15. Ogechi, Nathan. 2005. On Lexicalization in Sheng. Nordic Journal of African Studies 14(3): 334–355. Samper,
Sheng_slang
Statement that attaches a meaning to a term
often specific to a given field of knowledge or study. These include, lexical definitions, or the common dictionary definitions of words already in a
Definition
Japonic language
phonotactics, a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent. Word order is normally subject–object–verb with
Japanese_language
Ancestor of the Indo-European languages
Dictionary', 1959) gave a detailed, though conservative, overview of the lexical knowledge accumulated by 1959. Jerzy Kuryłowicz's 1956 Apophonie gave a
Proto-Indo-European_language
Programming language for statistics
able to run unaltered in R. The language was also inspired by Scheme's lexical scoping, allowing for local variables. The name of the language, R, comes
R_(programming_language)
State of standing out as unusual
simple two-choice cases. See confusion matrix for more details. Among lexical opposites, a marked form is a non-basic one, often one with inflectional
Markedness
Form of nonsense syllable used in a wide variety of music
Non-lexical vocables, also known as wordless vocals, are a form of nonsense syllable used in a wide variety of music. Common English examples are "la
Non-lexical_vocables_in_music
Permissible word or form that does not exist
an accidental gap, also known as a gap, paradigm gap, accidental lexical gap, lexical gap, lacuna, or hole in the pattern, is a potential word, word sense
Accidental_gap
Interpretation of sensory information
Task Halstead–Reitan Neuropsychological Battery Hayling and Brixton tests Lexical Decision Task Luria–Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery Mini–mental state
Perception
Dravidian language
diphthongs: /aɪ̯/ ஐ and /aʊ̯/ ஔ, the latter of which is restricted to a few lexical items. Tamil has no consonant clusters at the beginning of words and the
Tamil_language
Vocal accent in coastal North Carolina
High Tider, Hoi Toider, or Hoi Toide English is a family or continuum of American English dialects spoken in very limited communities of the South Atlantic
High_Tider
Language family native to Eurasia
evidence shows common characteristic innovations and a number of significant lexical correspondences between the two languages Paionian: extinct language once
Indo-European_languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
The Chamic languages, also known as Aceh–Chamic and Acehnese–Chamic, are a group of ten languages spoken in Aceh (Sumatra, Indonesia) and in parts of Cambodia
Chamic_languages
LEXICALIZATION
LEXICALIZATION
LEXICALIZATION
LEXICALIZATION
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Matchless; The First
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Lord
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
River; Princess
Surname or Lastname
English (North Midlands)
English (North Midlands) : habitational name from any of various places (in Derbyshire, Hampshire, Surrey, Yorkshire, and elsewhere) named Bramley, from Old English brÅm ‘broom’, ‘gorse’ + lÄ“ah ‘woodland clearing’.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Red Silk
Girl/Female
Latin
A Latin name based on the Greek word for kid or goatskin.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Noble Friend
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hitchcock. Compare Hedgecock.
Girl/Female
Armenian, Australian, Greek
Poetry
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Durga
LEXICALIZATION
LEXICALIZATION
LEXICALIZATION
LEXICALIZATION
LEXICALIZATION